Vol 3 Issue 1 April 2015-September 2015

Abstract: In India, the mass gathering occurs during the festivals and the religious Mela’s which result in collection of numbers of people at a particular place is very high for very short time. The human stampede at this place is result in loss of life and the loss of property. There are two major cases of stampede is stampede of KumbhMela held in 1954 and 2003 at Allahabad and Nashik respectively. In this study the details of the route used by pilgrims are discussed and studied. The stampede event occurred in last KumbhMela is due to only a congested route and can be rectify by widening the routes of the pilgrims. The traffic coming from the Dhule, Mumbai, Aurangabad, Pune, Trimbakeshwar, Peth, Dindori, and Traffic from Nashik City itself is managed and moved in proper way to avoid the congestion and to avoid the any unwanted event during the KumbhMela.  Also a detailed action plan for the stampede event management is discussed in the report. The project will helpful to the organizations that managing and involved in the preparation, operation and control the crowd in KumbhMela.

Keywords: KumbhMela, Nashik, Stampede, Action Plan, Event Management.

Title: Preparation of Future Action Plan for Kumbh Mela: Nashik 2015

Author:  Mr. Sachin Suresh Kare

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Recently few wind tunnel and computer model researchers reported that when a tornado goes over a hill the path of the tornado deviates.  In this work further detailed study of the extent of path deviation for various ratios of tangential velocity to translational velocity are investigated. Wind tunnel, field and computer model data are investigated to examine the effects of topography (a ridges) on tornado path deviation (i.e. turns in tornado path while interacting with the topography). Field data from both Tuscaloosa (2011) and Mayflower (2014) tornados is considered in this study to examine effects of topography on tornado path deviation. Computer model is utilized to run six different ratios of tangential velocity to translational velocity (Vϴ/Vt) (i.e.1-4, 6, 8) and study the effects of changing this ratio on tornado path deviation. The topography shape considered in this work is a ridge. Results show that (Vϴ/Vt) ratio has significant influence on a tornado path deviation. As the ratio increases, the deviation shape changes from a straight line to single curvature then to double curvature. For ratio (Vϴ/Vt) < 2, the deviation shape is almost a straight line. For 2≤ (Vϴ/Vt) <4, the deviation shape becomes a single curvature shape. When the ratio (Vϴ/Vt) ≥4, the deviation shape changes to double curvature. Numerical results for (Vϴ/Vt) ≥4 is comparable to wind tunnel data. Therefore the computer model is considered for further investigation. The University of Arkansas (UA) computer model results for tornado path deviation shape are comparable to both experimental and field data.

Keywords: Tornado-terrain interaction; tornado path deviation; ridge effects on tornado path deviation; fluid-structure interaction, computational fluid dynamic.

Title: Ridge Effects on Tornado Path Deviation

Author: Nawfal Ahmed, R. Panneer Selvam

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Over the past 35 years a significant amount of research has been performed in the FRC field. Today many different FRC composites have been commercialized around the world. However, the technical aspect of FRC system remained essentially undeveloped for several centuries.

Slurry infiltrated fibrous concrete (SIFCON) was first produced in 1979 in the USA, by incorporating large amounts of steel fiber in moulds to form very dense network of fibers. The network is then infiltrated by fine liquid cement-based slurry. Since it is not possible to use more than 2% of fiber in FRC (fiber reinforced concrete) because of workability and mixing issues, SIFCON is applied to contain fiber amount as high as 12%. Having higher mechanical properties in both strength and durability is one of the advantages of SIFCON in comparison with FRC. In view of the above, the objectives of this study are focused mainly on investigating the strength characteristic properties.

The study has been carried out on fibers having aspect ratio of 50 and The cement-sand slurry used is of the proportion 1:1 with a water cement ratio 0.45. The percentage of fibers (by volume fraction) used in the experimentation is 1% SF, 1%HDPEF & 1%WPF by the volume of concrete.

This study showed that 1% addition steel fiber volume shows greater strength in compressive and flexure strength test. Use of 1% WPF and HDPEF gives optimum result in the shear and tensile strength test respectively.

The result obtained indicated that different fibers behave differently in compressive load, flexural load, and tensile load and shear load. Because the bonding strength between the fiber matrix and concrete layer will varies for different fibers. However the SIFCON made with the highest possible fiber volume fractions shows the best results.

Keywords: SIFCON, Steel fibers, HDPE fibers, WPF. 

Title: An Experimental Investigation on SIFCON Using Mono Fibers

Author: Mr. Vinayaka N.M, Sahana .N .S, Sandeep.S.S, Nagaraju.C, Syed Shahbaz

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world due to its ability to get cast in any form and shape. The strength and durability of concrete can be changed by appropriate changes in its ingredients like cementitious material, aggregate, water and by adding some special ingredients. However concrete has some deficiencies. The presence of micro crack in the mortar – aggregate interface is responsible for the inherent weakness of plain concrete. This weakness can be removed by inclusion of fibers in the mixture. Different types of fibers those used in traditional composite material can be introduced into the concrete mixture to increase its toughness or ability to resist crack growth. Such a concrete is called as fiber reinforced concrete. The newly developed fiber reinforced concrete named as engineered composite is 500 times more resistant to cracking and 40% lighter the traditional concrete.

The study has been carried out by using M30 grade concrete. The combination of steel fibers and HDPE fibers with an aspect ratio of 50 and water cement ratio of 0.45 has been used. The percentage of steel fiber is kept constant i.e. 0.5% and the percentage of HDPE fiber is varied from 0.5% to 2.0% by volume of concrete. The study has been concentrated on analysis of strength characteristics the compression, tensile, flexure, shear tests are planned.

Keywords: Fiber reinforced concrete, Steel fibers, HDPE fibers, Strength properties.

Title: An Experimental Study on Strength Properties of Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Author: Mr. Vinayaka N.M, Priyanka H, Supritha R, Ajay Y, Goutham N

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: The present work highlights on practices adopted in Davanagere city for Bio-Medical Waste management. The present work highlights on Davanagere city practices in bio medical waste management. The city contains around 130 Medical care facilities including hospitals, clinical laboratories and blood banks major and minor sectors. Here we have considered four major hospitals contributing this kind of waste. For our research work the waste management activities like segregation, storage, collection, transportation, disposal of bio-medical waste under taken in hospitals and also emphases on organizational, planning, administrative, financial, engineering, legal aspects and their management involving interdisciplinary relationships where proved and are discussed.  

Keywords: Biomedical waste Management, Rules and regulations, waste generation, collection of wastes, treatment and disposal.

Title: Bio-Medical Wastes Management in Davanagere City

Author: Dr. P Shiva Keshava Kumar, Priyanka H

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Plain concrete possesses a very low tensile strength, limited ductility, and little resistance to cracking. Internal micro cracks are inherently present in the in the concrete mainly  due to drying shrinkage  and its poor tensile strength is due to propagations of these micro-cracks eventually leading to brittle nature of concrete. Addition of nano fibres will result into arresting of micro-cracks and which will lead to improvement of static and dynamic properties of concrete.  Cellulose nano-materials, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) or cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), offer new possibilities for endowing cementations composites with improved mechanical performance. Their small size can allow a smaller inter-fibre spacing and more interactions between the cellulose and the cement system, and as a result, the CNC and CNF have a greater potential to combat micro-cracking and increase the strength of the system. This paper focuses on benefits which can be obtained by adopting Nanocellulose as a reinforcing material in concrete and review of research work carried out by various researchers to study effects of nano cellulose on concrete and benefits.

Keywords:  Nano-fibres, Nano-particles, Sustainable Material, Nanocrystals, concrete.

Title: A REVIEW ON EFFECT OF NANO CELLULOSE ON CONCRETE

Author: Namrata Bhalerao, A. S. Wayal, P. G. Patil, A. K. Bharimalla

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: The aim of this report is to give a review of the progress in field of cold formed steel sections. Particular emphases are given to the study of strength and behaviour of different cold formed steel sections with flange or web stiffeners. Cold formed steel members can be plain in simple applications, but if provided with flange or web stiffeners, their performance and resistance to local, distortional and lateral torsional buckling improves. The idea behind cold-formed steel members is to use shape rather than thickness to support load. Due to the relatively easy method of manufacturing, a large number of different configurations can be produced to fit the demands of optimized design for both structural and economical purposes.

Keywords: Local, distortional, flexural buckling, stiffened elements.

Title: Strength and Behavior of Cold Formed Steel Stiffened Sections under Interaction of Local, Distortional and Lateral Torsional Buckling: A Review

Author: D. S. Yerudkar, G. R. Vesmawala

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract:  The aim of the present work is to investigate the possibility of replacing the part of Portland cement by red mud and fine aggregate by copper slag. Because of storing issues, the waste negatively affects the environment. To solve this problem, an attempt was made to check the effectiveness of red mud as a partial replacement of Portland cement. Portland cement was replaced up to 30 % Red mud by the weight of cement and checking the compressive strength of cement mortar cubes. Fine aggregate was replaced up to 60% copper slag and evaluating its compressive and splitting tensile strength of red mud concrete. The optimum gained after 7 and 28 days curing period was found to be 15% Red mud (for mortar) and for the combination of both Red mud and Copper slag was found to be 15% RM + 40% CS (for concrete).

Keywords: Industrial waste, red mud, copper slag, cement mortar, compressive strength, split tensile strength.

Title: Experimental Study on Utilization of Industrial Wastes (Red mud and Copper slag) in Mortar and Concrete

Author: Kiran Kumar M S, Raghavendra Naik

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Increased urbanization and industrialization in developing countries has created a huge demand for construction activities, which in turn has resulted in the fast growth of the brick-making industry. Unfortunately, brick-kilns are mostly situated on fertile agricultural land and moreover the process of digging soil from agricultural field for Brick industry is frequently accompanied by severe soil erosion, and destruction of mixed vegetation cover and grazing lands. Further transportation of raw materials for brick industry that is soil leads to environmental pollution by mixing of dust particles in the atmosphere along with Co2 accumulation during burning of fresh bricks. However the opportunity cost of selling top-soil for brick making is likely to increase as good quality soil for agriculture become more and more scare. Basic objectives of soil conservation measures are: (a) protection of surface from splash erosion, (b) increase in infiltration of rain water, (c) decrease in volume and velocity of surface and subsurface runoff, (d) modifying biological and mechanical measures to increase the resistance of soil erosion. Also foam bricks and concrete bricks can replace this problem. The present study investigates on the role of brick industry in the degradation of land and environment at Mallaram in Nizamabad District of Telangana. Furthermore, this investigation shows the increasing of agricultural density due to the above mention process.

Keywords: agricultural density, environmental pollution, land degradation, Soil erosion.

Title: Role of Soil Brick Industry in the Degradation of Land and Environment-A Case Study of Mallaram in Nizamabad, Telangana State

Author: Sampath Kumar.K, Satheesh Chary Jakkoji, Santhoshi Bhargavi Chinagodaba, Karishma. Karne, Vinay Kumar G

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Among all the natural hazard, earthquake is one of the most dangerous. For safety of the buildings, it is essential that structures should have adequate lateral stability, strength, and sufficient ductility. There are various types of lateral load resistance structural systems for reducing the affect of earthquake forces for RC buildings. For my study I consider the RC moment resisting bare frame and RC moment resisting frame with steel bracing system and RC moment resisting frame with shear wall system. In case of steel bracing system three types of bracing used as X type, V type and inverted V type bracing. In case of shear wall I take three locations of shear wall which are more effective. Three different heights of building as low rise, medium rise and high rise are taken. Effect of brick infill walls is also considered.  For analysis of these building frames Staad ProV8i software used. The performance of building is evaluated on the basis of following parameters – Bending moment, Shear force, Storey displacement, Storey drift, Base shear.

Keywords: RC Moment Resisting Frame, Steel Bracing, Shear Wall, Variable Heights.

Title: Comparative  Study  of  RC  Moment  Resisting Frame  of  Variable  Heights  with  Steel  Bracing and  Shear  Wall

Author: Shachindra Kumar Chadhar, Dr. Abhay Sharma

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: In this technical paper the experiment carried on the compressive strength of various grades of concrete with the replacement of sand by manufactured sand and with the addition of chemical admixture is discussed. Concrete plays a very important role in the construction industry and is being utilized in a large scale. River sand, which is one of the constituent used in the production of conventional concrete, has become expensive and also a scarce material. In view of this there is a need to find an alternative source for the replacement of this river sand, which will be having the same properties of the river sand thus a alternative quarry dust is being selected and is made used in a concrete as an alternative for river sand in addition with the chemical admixtures Polycarboxylic ethers (PCE) and salphonapthalene formaldehyde (SNF). Concrete traditionally comprises of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. An attempt here has been made to replace the fine aggregate with quarry dust with an objective of utilizing the waste material. It is found that quarry dust improves the mechanical properties of concrete when used along with super plasticizers.   In fact we need high strength concrete to withstand to the heavy loads in a building. The sand is replaced by manufactured sand by 100% and various chemical admixtures being added to increase the workability of a concrete.

Keywords:  Quarry dust, chemical admixture, Workability, Compressive strength, Flexural strength.

Title: Experimental Investigation on Quarry Dust Concrete with Chemical Admixture PCE and SNF

Author: Anil M D, Dr. V Ramesh, Raghavendra Y B

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: There are many environmental concerns to the quantity of surface water and groundwater in the hydrological system. It is very important to estimate the groundwater levels by using readily available data for managing the water resources. Worldwide concern for the sustainability of groundwater resources, basin-wise modeling of groundwater flow is essential for the efficient planning and management of groundwater resources in a groundwater basin. This study aims to evaluate the performance of finite difference-based numerical model MODFLOW and an artificial neural network model, applied to simulate groundwater levels in Sindapalli Uppodai sub basin of Vaippar River basin, Tamilnadu, southern India. Among the different robust tools available, the Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) model is commonly used to empirically forecast hydrological variables. Calibration of the MODFLOW was done by using monthly groundwater level data of 4 years from June 2006 to May 2010 and validation of the model was done using six month from June 2010 to December 2010 groundwater level data. Groundwater levels at 25 observation wells were simulated for the validation period. The inputs to the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) model consisted of monthly rainfall, evaporation, water level in the small storage structures and groundwater levels in these wells at the previous time step. The time periods used in the MODFLOW were also considered for the training and testing of the developed ANN model. The simulated groundwater level by MODFLOW and ANN model were compared with the observed groundwater levels. The average regression coefficient for MODFLOW is 0.967 and back propagation neural network is 0.99 during fitting and 0.88 during forecasting respectively.  It was found that the ANN model predicting the groundwater levels in the study area similar to the numerical model for short-horizon predictions.

Keywords: Groundwater flow modeling – MODFLOW Numerical - Artificial neural network – BPNN - Sindapalli Uppodai sub basin.

Title: SIMULATING GROUNDWATER FLOW USING NUMERICAL MODEL AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK - A CASE STUDY

Author: VENKATESAN V, RAJESH PRASANNA P

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Nowadays in the urban areas people are going deeper into the ground because of insufficient space in urban areas. More space required for parking, basements, library, housing utilities etc. Deep excavation is carried out close to the existing building it may be single story building or multi story building it causes larger settlement, more displacements and bending moment near the deep excavation and also mainly it causes the design fail of foundation area of existing building when the deep excavation carried out close to the existing building .These settlements or displacements are controlled by providing braced wall to the deep excavation. In this analysis 2D finite element of G+10 story modeling considered for the analysis and the response of existing building when the deep excavation carried out at different distances and at different depths are tabulated and compared in the present work.

Keywords: Deep excavation, displacements, Finite element analysis, settlements.

Title: Response of Reinforced Concrete Buildings Close To Deep Excavation

Author: M R SURESH, JYOTHI D N

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: This paper investigates the torsion behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP). The effect of GFRP wrapping on the torsion strength of the beam is examined. There are two group of beam. Group 1- Two of the beam was used as a control beam and Group 2- Four beams were strengthened using different configurations and different types of GFRP fabrics. Totally Six test beams are made with normal steel bars. Beams are made with 40 % replacement of fly ash in cement. All the beams were designed to fail in torsion.  The study is restricted to continuously wrapped GFRP fabrics. The experimental study shows that the GFRP wrapping increase the torsion strength of the reinforced concrete beams. The beams will be numerically analysis using ANSYS Software.  Load deflection relation as well as torsion twist angle relations were drawn and behavior comparison. In this Full Wrapping pattern gives a better result than the other beams.

Keywords: Torsion, Glass fibre, Wrapping and Fly ash.

Title: Experimental Validation of GFRP Smeared Analysis for Composite Concrete in Torsion

Author: J. Bhavani, N. Saktheeswaran, G. Shiny Brindha

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: An earthquake is the shaking of the surface of the Earth, which may be dangerous enough to destroy major buildings and kill thousands of people. To protect the structures from earthquake effects there is a system known as base isolation systems. Base isolation is the technique is most widely accepted and used for seismic protection of the building in earthquake prone areas. The aim of this research is to study the mode period of different structures under fixed condition and base isolated condition. In this study, two building’s are considered first structure is G+13 storey building and second is G+5 storey building which is designed and analyzed in E TABS 13.2.1 software. Lead rubber isolator are provided to both the structures and then linear response spectrum and time history analysis are carried out for both fixed base and base isolated buildings under zone v and soil type II i.e. medium soil (according to IS 1893(part 1):2002). After analysis, the mode period, base shear, acceleration and displacement are compared for response spectrum and time history analysis for fixed base and base isolated buildings.

Keywords: Base isolation, response spectrum analysis, time history analysis, lead rubber bearing, E TABS.

Title: Seismic Analysis of Base Isolated Building in RC Framed Structures

Author: Anusha R Reddy, Dr. V Ramesh

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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