Vol 3 Issue 1 April 2015-September 2015

Abstract: Cracks induced by external excitation on a material that has defects may generate the stress concentration phenomenon. In the present project DIC technique is applied to the concrete member to measure surface displacements and strains. The technique is associated with the matlab programming in image processing. The measurement of the width of the localized zone on the surface of notched concrete beams under quasi-static three point bending helps in designing the structural components with high and low reinforcements as per the requirement thus providing safety for the structure and provides feasibility in designing slender sections. From the above experiment it is possible to define the zone where maximum strains are localized and consequently evaluate the flexural response of reinforced concrete beam and its size dependence. Thus the project helps in designing structures which satisfies serviceability, sustainability and durability conditions.

Keywords: Digital image correlation, crack propagation, mat lab.

Title: Propagation of Crack in Cement Concrete Beam by Using Digital Image Correlation

Author: Rajath M H, Dr. V Ramesh

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: The variation of the compressive strength of concrete due to traditional and accelerated curing methods according to the Indian standard code is 9013:1978 accompanied by two different classes of water and in this study taking two samples of water, one from sewage treated water with natural processes and comparative study will be done experimentally in this research work. For moulding and casting of concrete IS 516:1959 will be used and for accelerated curing method as per is 9013:1978 only one method is used that is accelerated curing by warm water method and for this method curing tank is constructed from a material of suitable strength that will resist the effect of corrosion. And the internal dimensions of the tank will be adequate to accommodate the required number and size of the test specimen such that test specimen easily removed . For determining the setting time of concrete penetration test will be done as per IS: 8142-1976 and for testing the workability of concrete slump cone test will be done by slump test apparatus as per IS: 7320-1974.

Nominal mix 1:2:4 is adopted for this work and mix composition is calculated as per IS:10262-2009 . for each type of sample 10 cubes are to be cast in mould 150 mm X 150 mm X 150 mm as per IS 516:1959 and then allow for monitoring compressive strength at 3 , 7, 14, 21 and 28 days,  and then the test result will be compared to follow up the correlation curve between the result from compressive strength test on specimen cured by normal curing method and accelerated curing method for tap water and sewage treated water.

Title: EFFECT OF VARIOUS CURING METHODS AND WATER QUALITY ON THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE

Author: Abhishek Prasad

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: This paper describes the salient features of ETABS (i.e., Extended Three Dimensional Analysis of Building Systems) and its various applications in civil engineering. In this software the designer will be able to generate the geometry, define the boundary conditions, assign material properties, specify the loads and perform the analysis all conveniently and quickly. It helps in understanding the overall behaviour of the structure in terms of resulting bending moment, shear forces and deformations which can be viewed or plotted.

This paper also presents illustration of a comparitive study of static loads for 5 and 10 storey multi storeyed structures. The significance of this work is to estimate the design loads of a structure.  

Keywords: ETABS, Bending moment, shear   force.

Title: Analysis of Multi-storeyed Structures Using Etabs

Author:  S. Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy, Jagath Chandra. P, Srinivas Vasam, P Srinivasa Rao

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: conventional concrete show low tensile strength, limited ductility and little resistance to cracking which not suitable where the impact load is more like airport, highways, tunnels etc. to overcome these problem fiber reinforced is more suitable. Concrete traditionally consists of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. An attempt has been made to improve the tensile strength of concrete, steel fiber and glass fibers are used in concrete. Results of compressive strength and tensile strength and durability properties of concrete are been presented in this paper. It is found that using of steel fibers in concrete increase the strength and using of glass fibers reduced bleeding and workability compared to conventional concrete.

Keywords: steel and glass fibers; concrete; compressive strength; durability of concrete.

Title: Experimental Study on Combined Effect of Steel and Glass Fibers on Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength and Durability of Concrete and Comparision with Conventional Concrete

Author: Puttavva Ramappa Pammar, Dr.V Ramesh

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Scour is one of the most important issues related to river and coastal engineering. Meanwhile, dams, as an important structure in supplying water, have a great importance [1]. Weir is one of the most vital components in dam. Failure of many dams is attributed to inefficiency of their weir. Dissipating water jet energy in submerged basins is very complex which depends on various parameters such as water fall speed, fall height, hydraulic and hydrologic factors and downstream bed stones morphology. So, it is necessary to study the parameters affecting scour in weirs' downstream. Accordingly, this paper examines the energy dispersion and dissipation methods to prevent the endangerment of dam structures and weir downstream erosion.

Keywords: scour, energy dissipation, submerged basins, sedimentation, energy dispersion.

Title: Assessment of Scour Phenomena in the Weirs' Downstream and Ways to Retrofit and Reduce Scour

Author: Hossein Joolaeian, Ebrahim Nohani

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Blast furnace slag (BFS), a by-product of the steel manufacturing industry, being used as an effective partial cement replacement material, has already been proven to improve several performance characteristics of concrete. The reactivity of BFS has been found to depend on the properties of BFS, which varies with the source of BFS, type of raw material used, method and the rate of cooling. In this paper cement replacement level were selected to study the effects of BFS on compressive strength, hydrochloric acid and sulfate resistance in concretes. The number of tests was used to determine the resistance of BFS concrete to sulfate attack. These tests involved immersion in 10% of hydrochloric acid and 15% sodium sulfate solutions.

Furthermore, compressive strength of concrete mixtures that keep in water, hydrochloric acid and sodium sulfate were determined at ages up to 56 and 90 days respectively. The experimental results show that at later ages BFS concrete that keeps in water got closer compressive strength to control concrete.

Keywords: Blast furnace slag; flexural strength; compressive strength; concrete.

Title: Experimental Study on Strength and Durability of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Blast Furnace Slag

Author: Thejaskumar HM, Dr V. Ramesh

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Availability of natural sand has reduced dramatically due to over exploitation. Environmental concerns are being raised against extraction of natural sand. The arguments are mostly in regards to protecting riverbeds against erosion and the importance of having natural sand as a filter for ground water, so there is a need for alternative source for fine aggregates. This paper presents experimental investigation carried out to evaluate use of manufactured sand as a full replacement as fine aggregate. The cost of the cement in market is being increased drastically as the partial replacement of cement with GGBS is being carried out. Its known that the scarcity of water in the high-tech cities and construction is high boom so to enhance water scarcity the chemical admixtures are being added. Results of compressive and tensile strength and durability properties of concrete are been presented in this paper and optimum percentage of replacement has been suggested. Concrete traditionally consists of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. An attempt has been made to replace the fine aggregate with manufactured sand with an objective of utilizing the waste material. It is found that manufactured sand improves the mechanical properties of concrete when used along with super plasticizers.

Keywords: admixtures; manufactured sand; GGBS; concrete; compressive strength.

Title: Experimental Investigation on Strengths and Durable Properties of Concrete on Manufactured Sand and GGBS with Chemical Admixtures

Author: Lokesh Gowda, Dr. V. Ramesh, Srinivas Raju

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: The current study investigates the seismic response of reinforced concrete moment resisting-frame multi-story buildings with soft story or open story located at different levels and designed according to the Egyptian Code. Different building models as (1) bare frame, (2) frame with fully infill wall panels and (3) frame models with infill panels and soft storey at base level, 3rd level, 6th level, 9th level, and 12th level have been built. In order to simulate the stiffness and structural action of masonry infill walls, single equivalent strut method has been used. The seismic responses of the considered models are obtained using dynamic response spectrum analysis. The obtained response quantities are storey displacements, drifts, shear and overturning moments. In addition, the fundamental natural periods in both longitudinal and transverse directions of bare frame, frame with masonry infill, and a variety of building frame models with soft storeys have also been computed. The results obtained from the analysis for bare frame model tend to highly deviate from the results of other models confirming the usefulness and necessity of considering masonry infill wall action. Moreover, the absence of masonry infill action, i.e. existence of open or soft storey, causes significant and substantial changes in the obtained storey responses. 

Keywords: masonry infill walls, single diagonal strut, soft storey, response spectrum analysis, moment resisting frame, ETABS program.

Title: Seismic Response Evaluation of Moment-Resisting-Frame Multi-Story Buildings with Soft Story

Author: Magdy Genidy, Nagy Hanna, Hesham Tahoon, Sayed Mahmoud

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Specimens are prepared for performing experiment. Four Aluminium specimen having dimensions 450 mm x 40 mm x 10 mm is prepared. Then out of four specimens one specimen is kept notch free. On second one specimen a notch on entire width and longitudinal distance of 90 mm from free end is prepared. Similarly third and fourth specimen have notch on 120 mm and 150 mm from free end respectively. We have to observed the impact of crack on cantilever beam of length 390 mm, 340 mm and 290 mm, and We also determined the effect of position of artificially generated notch (90 mm, 120 mm and 150 mm from free end). During the experiment our main motive is to measure the velocity of vibration (V) at different longitudinal distance from free end of the cantilever beam ranging from 50 mm to 250 mm at an interval of 50 mm. Frequency of vibration is kept constant during the process. After one complete reading, process is repeated for different required frequency. Since we have to find the crack Development rate on the observed velocity of vibration that’s why we have to develop a relation between velocities of vibration with crack Development rate.Here relation is found out by using Buckingham Pie Theorem. The variables considered for the analysis is, velocity of vibration (V), force per cross sectional area (W), distance of crack from fixed end (B), frequency of the force per fixing length (F), distance of accelerometer from free end (D) and Crack Development per unit time (G).As mentioned above, total number of variables considered for present investigation is, ‘6’. Three out of 6 variables are considered as fundamental variables and a functional relationship is established as Φ (V, W, D, F, B, G) = 0. The derived groups are, V/(D².F), B/D and G/(D².F). The relationship obtained using Buckingham Pi Theorem as, G/(D².F) = f (B/D, V/D².F).Crack Development rate for cantilever specimen at different length 390 mm, 340 mm, 290 mm are calculated at frequency of 60 Hz, 80 Hz, 100 Hz, 120 Hz. Also at each frequency Crack Development rate is measured at an Accelerometer distance of 50 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm, 200 mm and 250 mm from free end.

Keywords: Cantilever Beam, Crack Growth Rate, Crack Location, Fixing Length effect, Frequency of Vibration.

Title: Study and Determination of Crack Development on Aluminium Cantilever Beam by the Help of Pre-Existing Crack Using Buckingham Pie Theorem

Author: Mr. Ashwani Ranjan, Mr. Yogesh Sharma

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research   

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Civil, aerospace and mechanical structures are the most expensive national asset of any country. At present, the advanced composite materials have gained it acceptance in the aerospace, civil structures and mechanic industries. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) technique has been a growing issue, acknowledged important consideration in outstanding to its extensive applications. This paper describes an experimental analysis of laminated composite panels made of three different types of fibers reinforced resin. The design and dimensions of Al-6061-T6 floor’s panels are taken, while the same design and dimensions of these composite panels are used as well. The objective is to compare the mechanical properties, microstructure and thermal plastic analysis of these laminated composites with AL 6061-T6 characterizations. In addition, vibration analysis of composite’s panels is also performed using NI-LabVIEW and compared with experimental results of Al 6061-T6 panels based on statistical analysis approach.

Keywords: Composites, Structural Health Monitoring, Data Acquisition, Damage identification, PZT sensor, Statistical Analysis.

Title: An Approach and Experimental Technique for Damage Detection of Composite Panels Using PZT Sensor

Author: Nisreen N. Ali Al-Adnani,  F. Mustapha, S. M. Sapuan, R. S. M. Rashid

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: The course path developed by a meandering channel is comparatively synonymous to natural flow systems such as rivers, streams etc. This curvy shape of flow is basically followed by rivers to lessen the energy loss during their course of flow. This flow habit in channel bend is much more puzzling due to existence of secondary flows. The occurrence of secondary flow is forced by the variation of centrifugal force and pressure force at the surface and at the channel bed. It has also been seen that near to the inner wall and at the channel bed the pressure force outruns the effect of centrifugal force which in turn conveys water in a transverse direction towards the inner wall. Similarly the effect of centrifugal force dominates at the free surface thereby conveying the flow to the outer wall. This reciprocal action of the flow in the main channel and secondary flow brings into picture the so called helical flow at the bend. Understanding these characteristics of flow is quite effective in designing hydraulic structures at such locations. Knowledge of the characteristics of surface profile at different sections is important in flood modeling and forecasting which helps in the design of hydraulic structures. In this paper, an experimental investigation has been carried out to study the transverse profiles of water surface of a meandering channel at varying discharges. Investigation has been made at different sections along a meander path i.e. from one bend apex to another where the water surface profile changes its course at the cross-over.

Keywords: meander path, crossover, water surface profile, meandering channel.

Title: Variation of Flow Profile along a Highly Sinuous Meander Path

Author: Sovan Sankalp, Kishanjit Kumar Khatua, Arpan Pradhan

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research   

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: The tank is considered to be a single degree of freedom system with large mass concentrated at the top of tank. The behavior of tank under seismic loading is largely dependent on staging height. Seismic forces are dependent on staging height. In the present work effect of staging height on seismic behavior of water tank is studied. The tank with various staging height was modeled in finite element software ETABS. The spring mass model as suggested in IS 1893:2002 consisting of convective and impulsive masses was used for analysis. The parameters such as displacement, maximum forces in columns and base shear are compared for different staging height and presented.

Keywords: Staging height, spring mass model, ETABS.

Title: Seismic Analysis of Elevated Water Tank

Author: Nishigandha R.Patil, Dr. R. S. Talikoti

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: This paper shows that the storm water back flow problem under high flood situation in river Tapi is the major storm water drainage problem, when drainage outlets are closed for Surat city. It indicates that storm water drainage system of Surat city during flooding condition is not much effective at some low lying areas of Surat city. The feasible solution of this problem is achieved in this case study by designing some general as well as systematic drainage solution & also appropriate design of storm water drainage system of desire working objective. Aim of the research is begins by examining the performance of current storm water drainage system & the conditions that lead flooding problem at some low lying critical areas of Surat city. It is important that all storm water drainage system are designed to a set of criteria that are subjected to economic, social & environmental point of view. One of the most factor in designing sustainable storm water drainage system is the physical storage & also conveyance within drainage outlets. That needs to be provide to achieve flood control & minimize the pollution impact of urban storm water runoff of Surat city, including solution of water logging problem at critical locations of Surat city during peak rainfall days. The study shows some appropriate solution of this problem with the new drainage system which is sustainable as well as capable to drain storm water from the low lying areas of Surat city.

Keywords: Surat city, water drainage system, flooding, storm, problem,

Title: Study of Storm Water Drainage Problem of Surat City & Its Solutions Due To Flood in River Tapi

Author: Kishan J. Bhadiyadra, Chintan V. Goyani, Mehul T. Dobariya, Rakesh C. Vaghani, Jaydeep D. Gajera

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research   

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: The clay often is weak and has no enough stability in heavy loading. In this regard, it is necessary to reinforce and or stabilize the soil. Stabilization in a broad sense incorporates the various methods employed for modifying the properties of a soil to improve its engineering performance. Stabilization is being used for a variety of engineering works, the most common application being in the construction of road and airfield pavements, where the main objective is to increase the strength or stability of soil and to reduce the construction cost by making best use of locally available materials.  Stabilization is process of fundamentally changing the chemical properties of soft soils by adding binders or stabilizers, either in wet or dry conditions to increase the strength and stiffness of the originally weak soils.

Soil stabilization is a way of improving the weight bearing capabilities and performance of in situ sub soils, sands, and other waste materials in order to strengthen road surfaces. The prime objective of soil stabilization is to improve the California Bearing Ratio of in situ soils. The other prime objective of soil stabilization is to improve onsite materials to create a solid and strong sub base and base courses. In certain regions of the world, typically developing countries and now more frequently in developed countries, soil stabilization is being used to construct the entire road.

Title: Soil Stabilisation Using Shredded Rubber Tyre: A Review

Author: Umar Jan, Associate Prof. Vinod Kumar Sonthwal, Vipul Kerni

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: The study of Progressive collapse continues to be an active area of research in structural engineering due to the repeated events caused by accidents or act of terrorism. Design guidelines have been developed to mitigate the risk of progressive collapse including direct and indirect design methods. This paper investigates the effect of soil-structure interaction on the capacity of reinforced concrete buildings to resist progressive collapse. The alternate path method was used by removing external columns and applying the UFC 4-023-03 (2009) design guidelines. For soil-structure-interaction, the simplified uncoupled spring model suggested by UFC 273 was adopted to represent the effect of foundation and underneath soil. Three and Seven story building examples designed based on the most common practice of design were studied with edge column removed at ground-, mid-, and roof-floor as per guidelines. Results indicate that soft soil may slightly enhance the behavior of buildings with few floors (the three-story building example) and for more floors building (the seven-story building example), fixed base conditions leads to better behavior. The effect of changing the base conditions is observed to be less for upper story column removal.

Keywords: Buildings, Nonlinear, Progressive Collapse, Soil-Structure Interaction, Static

Title: Progressive Collapse Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Buildings Including Soil-Structure-Interaction

Author: Tharwat A. Sakr

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research   

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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