Vol 4 Issue 1 April 2016-September 2016

Abstract: Elevated water tanks are one of the most important lifeline structures in earthquake prone regions. In major cities and also in rural areas elevated water tanks forms an integral part of water supply scheme. These structures has large mass concentrated at the top of slender supporting structure hence these structures are especially vulnerable to horizontal forces due to earthquake. Analysis is done according to IS 1893 Part I & II, Wind analysis is done according to IS 875-1987 (Part III) & IS 875 draft (Part III). In this paper ESR of staging height 12m is considered with capacity varying from 20 m3 to 100 m3. Analysis has been done using SAP-2000.The Rehabilitation of the existing damaged Elevated storage reservoir with pile foundation is used in this work to evaluate the effectiveness of retrofitting techniques, called Concrete Jacketing. Economic aspects are studied for different innovative water tanks staging systems with reference to conventional frame type and shaft type staging of ESR. Reinforced concrete elevated water tanks are critical structures that are expected to remain functional after severe earthquake in order to serve water system network. During earthquake activity the liquid exerts impulsive and convective pressures (sloshing) on the walls and bottom of tank. Keywords: Impulse mass, Convective mass, SAP-2000, Seismic analysis. Title: Retrofitting and Rehabilitation of Existing Elevated Storage Water Tank Author: Sagar S. Jadhav, Amol T. Gavali, Abhijit N. kadam, Hemant P. Ghadge, Nitin J. Salle, Pravin D. Nemade, Vinod A. choudhari, Pushkraj R. Admile International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The main objective of this present investigation is to understand the seismic performance of superstructure considering the complex dynamic interaction between superstructures, the raft foundation resting on the soil and comparing the dynamic responses in cooperating soil flexibility with those of fixed base assumption, soil being idealized as modified Winkler model. In the present study the behaviour of superstructure by modelling the nonlinearities of soil, modelling the interface between raft foundation and soil. To address this problem, a Finite Element Method is used to model soil structure interaction analysis of raft foundation supported framed structures by programming in SAP 2000 V14 software . An attempt has been made to evaluate the effect of soil structure interaction of super structure by considering the systematic parameters like time period, lateral displacement, storey drift, bending moment in X-X and Y-Y direction. Time history analysis has been carried out and the parameters like base shear and roof top displacement of the building frames resting over raft foundation and soil media has been studied. Based on the analysis results, it has been concluded that the effect of soil-structure interaction plays a significant role to increase the time period, bending moment in X-X direction, bending moment in Y-Y direction, lateral displacement. As the flexibility of the soil increases the bending moment also increases. The study shows that, the SSI will affect the behavior of the structure, the structure-foundation-soil mass shows an effective approach. Keywords: soil-structure interaction; Winkler model; Seismic response; SAP2000; time period; bending moment; Time history analysis. Title: Study of Soil Structure Interaction Effect on Multi-Storey RC Frame Structures Resting Over Raft Foundation under Earthquake Caused Agitation Author: Mr. Nitish Kumar S, Mr. Praveen J V International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: In recent times, multi-storey buildings in urban cities are required to have column free space due to shortage of space, population and also for aesthetic and functional requirements. For this buildings are provided with floating columns at one or more storey. These floating columns are highly disadvantageous in a building built in seismically active areas. The earthquake forces that are developed at different floor levels in a building need to be carried down along the height to the ground by the shortest path. Deviation or discontinuity in this load transfer path results in poor performance of the building. The object of the present work is to study the behaviour of multistorey buildings having floating columns under seismic forces and observe the effect of shear wall in the same building. For this purpose three cases of multi-storey buildings are considered having 8 storey, 12 storey and 16 storey. All the three cases are considered having floating columns provided with and without shear wall, and also analyzed for zone III, zone IV and zone V by using software Staad Pro. Observation shows that the provision of floating columns is advantageous in increasing FSI of the building but is a risky factor and increases the vulnerability of the building. From the analysis result parameters lateral displacement and storey drift of the building increases from lower to higher zones because the magnitude of intensity will be more for higher zones. By the use of shear wall these parametric values reduces in all the models. Present work provides a good source of information on the parameters lateral displacement and storey drift in the multistory buildings having floating columns with and without shear wall. Keywords: Floating Columns, Seismic Behaviour, Lateral Displacement, Storey Drift, Shear wall. Title: Seismic Behaviour of Multistorey Buildings Having Floating Columns Author: Sarika Yadav, Raksha Parolkar International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Black Cotton (BC) soil is a clayey and highly plastic in nature. In dry state it is so hard that the clods cannot be easily pulverized and this poses serious problems as regards to subsequent performance of the road. The roads laid on BC soil bases develop undulations at the road surface due to loss of strength of the sub grade through softening during monsoon. These soils need to be stabilized before constructing the roads in order to have efficient and long lasting roads. Efforts are therefore required to strengthen the sub grade soil by mechanical stabilization of BC soil to improve its performance.The objective of this study is to evaluate the strength characteristics of black cotton soil stabilized with waste pulverized glass in varying proportions. The glass used in the present study is pulverized glass used in window glass panes. Two different size of glass were used in the study, passing through 20 mm sieve and retained on 4.75 mm, and passing through 4.75 mm sieve and retained on 75 micron sieve. Further the glass was mixed with the BC soil in proportions of 10% and 20% of the weight of soil. Laboratory investigations were performed on the above combinations and Atterberg’s limit, Compaction test and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test were performed for evaluation of strength characteristics of BC soil stabilized with waste glass. Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Glass Cullet, California Bearing Ratio, Strength characteristics. Title: Evaluation of Strength Characteristics of Black Cotton Soil Stabilized Using Waste Glass Author: Pratish Kumar Singh, Kashish Sadhwani International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Construction industry in India is 2nd largest employer and contributor to economic activity, after agriculture sector. However ignorance towards safety practices, time management and quality made this industry loose its credibility. India is emerging as a bright spot for world with immense scope for infrastructural development and mega projects in construction. The objective of this study is to identify critical risk events and their consequences. Data from 55 residential construction sites with respect to the occupational hazards occurring frequently was used for the analysis. Mis-operation of machinery is found to be Intolerable risk. Only Collapse of temporary structures is acceptable risk, all the other risk events are Undesirable in terms of the occurrence frequency and the consequences. Keywords: Construction Industry, India, Risk, Risk events, Risk management. Title: A Study of Risk Response Technique Associated With Occupational Hazards on Residential Construction Sites Author: Amit Kulkarni, Prof. Dr. S.S. Pimplikar International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Bulk utilization of crusher dust requires experimentation to suit as construction material. Inherently crusher dust has characteristics similar to sand can be identified as an alternative. In the present investigation crushed stone and crusher dust were used to prepare gradations. In accordance with MORTH by limiting their sizes to 26.5 mm. These were further exposed to tire chips of sizes(square) 10mm-4.75mm in partial replacement to the corresponding sizes of crushed stone and subjected for tests like compaction and CBR. Test results showed improvements in CBR values which are 80%. Addition of 1.5 to 2% of tire chips with CBR values greater than 80% can be used as Base course material in flexible pavement construction. Keywords: Crusher dust, Crushed stone, Tire waste, Compaction, CBR. Title: Crumb Rubber Modified Crushed Stone–Crusher Dust Gradation Mixes as Base Course Material Author: Charan Deepak.P, Satyanarayana.P.V.V, Rama Krishna.T, Arun Kumar.U International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This study deals with the analysis of the potential seismic – induced liquefaction which is a complex ground failure phenomenon observed when saturated loose sand deposits loss its shear strength. It may be quantified as to the damage that it causes to the built infrastructures within the vicinity. This study was conducted to determine the potential liquefaction of three specific locations along the Pasig City segment of the Valley Fault System in Barangay Kapitolyo, Manggahan and Ugong and correlate it with their respective soil suitability. The study employed secondary data from geotechnical firms, DOST – PHIVOLCS and the local government unit of Pasig City. The results were assessed through the use of an excel program devised by the researchers based on a simplified procedure by Seed and Idriss (1997), and Das (1995). The factor of safety due to liquefaction (FS) at specific soil conditions was computed using this program and proved that the chosen location in barangay Ugong is the most susceptible to liquefaction among the three chosen locations. The mitigation measures for the soil and/or the type of foundations to be applied was considered and pile foundations are recommended in the locations in baranggay Manggahan and Ugong. Shallow foundations are, on the other hand, safe in barangay Kapitolyo. Keywords: Liquefaction, Earthquake, Seismic, Valley Fault System. Title: Comparative Study of Potential Liquefaction of Three Selected Locations along the Pasig City Segment of the Valley Fault System, Philippines Author: Anjerick J. Topacio, Alyssa Erika P. Ramos, Jayson E. Villaester, Joanna Carla A. Pacamparra International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Economic growth and industrialization generates huge quantities of waste materials and needs thousands of hectares of land for the disposal which creates environmental pollution. Fly ash and crusher dust come under this category. Utilization of these materials into bulk quantities in civil engineering structures can provide an alternative to natural soils and disposal problems. In this connection an attempt is made for the utilization of crusher dust and Fly ash in Geotechnical engineering applications. Tests like compaction, strength, CBR were performed on mixes prepared from crusher dust and Fly ash by varying their percentages with respect to each other. From the test results it is identified that high strength values in terms of CBR (13-15%) and angle of shearing resistance (380) were obtained by maintaining high dry densities. It is also identified that by achieving of high strength values against shear, these crusher dust- Fly ash mixes can be used as sub-grade and fill material. Therefore 30 -50% of Fly ash added to crusher dust can give better results to suit as sub-grade, fill materials in constructional activities. Keywords: Crusher Dust, Fly ash, CBR, Angle of Shearing Resistance. Title: A Study on Bulk Utilization of Industrial Wastes in Geotechnical Applications Author: Satyanarayana.P.V.V, Srinivasa Rao.N, Krishna Chaitanya D, Ganga Raj.P International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Anaerobic lagoons have been especially effective for pretreatment of high strength organic wastewaters. Applications include industrial wastewaters and rural communities that have a significant organic load from industrial sources. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removals up to 60 percent are possible. Hence this the most suitable option for the treatment of high strength organic effluent. This paper reviews the suitability and the status of development of deign of anaerobic lagoon for sugar industry. Keywords: Anaerobic lagoon, Anaerobic bacteria, Effluent, Physicochemical. Title: Anaerobic Lagoon Treatment for Sugar Industrial Wastewater: A Case Study of Karmayogi Sugar Factory Author: Prasad Gaikwad, Pradip Borate, Pratish Kate, Vishal Borawake, Anand Raut, Prof. Bansode S.S. International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The present of study is carried out to determine the seasonal variations of physicochemical parameter in the water samples from Then pennaiyar River, Krishnagiri, South India, which is suitable for human consumption , the study has been carried out during to the one year period (May-2014 to April -2015). The purpose of this study is access to quality of water sources in four different seasons, such as summer (April), pre-monsoon (September) ,monsoon (December) , post-monsoon (February).Water samples are analysed for physicochemical parameters including pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, free ammonia, turbidity ,total hardness, chloride, fluoride, sulphate , phosphate ,total alkalinity, Total hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Nitrite and Nitrate. The Result showed the variations of analyses parameters in the water sample as follows : Turbidity [3.5-8.2] NTU, total dissolved solids[664-840]mg/L, electrical conductivity[948-1194] Mosh/cm, pH [7.47-8.99], total Alkalinity [200-380] mg/L, Total hardness [210-340] mg/L, Calcium [52-72] mg/L, Magnesium [19-38] mg/L, free Ammonia [21.07-58.01], Nitrite [0.24-3.62] mg/L, Nitrate [4-8]mg/L, Chloride [170-200] mg/L, Fluoride [0.20-0.41] mg/L, Sulphate [20-49] mg/L, and Phosphate [1.60-5.26] mg/L. They are determined in research laboratory in TWAD. From the result it is found to the most of the parameters in Then pennaiyar River is within the maximum permissible limit to WHO and ICMR. The present findings have concluded that the investigation area of Then pennaiyar River, physicochemical parameters of water samples are not polluted and do not cause any disease and health effects on living organisms. The turbidity of water is more in post-monsoon period compeer to pre-monsoon period. Nitrite is highly summer period compared to the post and pre monsoon period. The total dissolved solid value is highly in post-monsoon period. Phosphate value is high in monsoon period. Keywords: Seasonal variations, physicochemical parameters, Then pennaiyar River, Phosphate. Title: Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Parameters of Water Samples Collected from Then pennaiyar River at Kelavarapalli, Krishnagiri District, South India Author: Chandrasekar.N, Sridhar.N, Subbarayan.M.R International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research publish journals

Abstract: This study investigates the dynamic properties of the buildings situated in the hilly area. When any building is constructed in hilly area its response to the lateral forces such as earthquake and wind depends on the dynamic properties of the building. The response of building constructed on sloping ground is different from buildings constructed on the plain grounds. The modal periods and frequency of the building in any mode depends on the mass and stiffness of the building at the various level of the building. In case of building constructed on sloping ground as the plan area will not remain constant the mass of building will change at every level. In addition to this the length of column is also changing at different floor levels so stiffness of the column and stiffness of building will change at every floor, so it is important to study the dynamic behavior of building constructed on the sloping ground. Keywords: Dynamic response, Mode shapes, Seismic, Sloping ground, Time history. Title: Free Vibrating Analysis of Building Resting on Sloping Ground with Different Mode Shapes Author: Nilesh B.Mevawala, Dr. Atul K.Desai International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Inability to complete projects are among the challenges faced in the course of executing construction projects. The most widely used project success criterion is meeting time, quality and cost requirements. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of consultant related and external factors on completion of water projects in Kakamega County, Kenya. The instrument of data collection was questionnaires. The target population consisted of 104 employees working for two water projects in Mumias and Lugari both in management and lower levels. Simple random sampling was used to select 90 who formed the sample size out of which, 74 respondents returned the questionnaires representing 82% response rate. Analysis of data was done using descriptive and inferential statistics using correlation and regression. Consultant related factors considered included experience, skilled personnel, co-ordination, site supervision and decision making ability and they had a significantly fairly strong positive relationship with project completion ( r = 0.583, p < 0.05). External factors of political interference, industrial action, regulation, taxation and material unavailability in the market had a weak but significant positive relationship (r = 0.312, p < 0.05) with project completion. The overall regression model gave R2 of 0.409. This showed that that the variations around the means in consultant related and external factors is about 41%. Keywords: Kakamega County, consultant related factors, external factors, project cost, project completion time and project quality. Title: The Effect of Consultant Related and External Factors on the Completion of Water Projects in Kakamega County, Kenya Author: Edwin K. Kanda, Yusuf Muchelule, Simon Mamadi, Douglas Musiega International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This paper discusses the uplift capacity of concrete pile under lateral load in cohesion less soil. Pile transfers building loads to the earth farther down from the surface than a shallow foundation does. A pile is a vertical structural element of a deep foundation, driven deep into the ground at the building site. Pile foundations are capable of taking higher loads than spread footings. This paper discusses the influence of forces on pile. Loads are applied at 45° angle and the corresponding deflection is studied. The experimental investigations shows the failure of pile and its failure pattern under the loading angle for the two condition of cohesion less soil viz loose soil and dense soil. Keywords: Pile, lateral resistance, foundation, bearing capacity. Title: Uplift Capacity of Concrete Pile in Cohesion less Soil by Varying Density Author: N. Harish Prabu, S. Syed Masoodhu International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Managing risks in construction projects has been perceived as a very important management process so as to accomplish the undertaking goals as far as time, cost, quality, safety and environmental sustainability. Projects have become shared effort of multiple parties and construction industry is a good example of an area, where the project outcome is delivered in an extremely complex actor network. By adopting risk management, savings’ potentials can be realized in construction projects. For this reason, consideration of the risk management process is worthwhile for project managers as well as real estate developers. The implementation of risk management system in construction projects must be oriented towards the progress of the project and pervade all areas, functions and processes of the project. For analyzing the levels of various risk factors in construction industry, questionnaire surveys were used to collect data. Based on a comprehensive assessment of the likelihood of occurrence of various risks and their impacts on the project objectives, this paper identifies twenty major risk factors. This research found that these risks are mainly related to (in ranking) contractors, clients and designers, with a few related to government bodies, subcontractors/suppliers and external issues. Among them, “Financial Risk” is recognized to influence all project destinations maximally, whereas working in hot areas, closure, defective design and delayed payments on contract are also some important risk factors. This research also found that the risks spread through the whole project life cycle and many risks occur in more than one phase, with the construction stage as the most risky phase, followed by the feasibility stage. It is concluded that clients, designers and government bodies must work cooperatively from the feasibility phase onwards to address potential risks in time. Also contractors and subcontractors with robust construction and management knowledge should be employed early to make sound preparation for carrying out safe, efficient and quality construction activities. The aim of this research is to identify and evaluate current risks and uncertainties in the construction industry through extensive literature survey. It also intends to make a basis for future studies for development of a risk management structure to be adopted by prospective investors, developers and contractors in Developing countries. Keywords: risk, risk management, risk analysis, construction projects. Title: Risk Management: Identifying Key Risks in Construction Projects Author: Divya Gupta, Manoj sharma, Dr. Ashutosh Shankar Trivedi International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This paper discusses the result of study conducted on lateral resistance of sustainable concrete pile in cohesion less soil. Pile is a type of foundation used for massive structures to increase the bearing capacity of soil. Piles acts as a barrier to lateral loads since it has greater capacity to resist lateral loads (seismic forces) than the conventional foundation. Sustainability is achieved in pile by replacing cement by fly ash. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the load carrying capacity of both conventional and sustainable pile under similar conditions and compare the results thus obtained. Load is applied to pile in the horizontal direction (lateral loads) and the corresponding deflection of pile is observed in loose sand. Sustainable pile carries load similar to conventional pile. The experimental investigation of piles indicates that conventional pile can be replaced by sustainable pile. Keywords: Sustainable pile, lateral resistance, foundation, bearing capacity. Title: Lateral Resistance of Sustainable Concrete Pile in Cohesion less Soil Author: T.Lalitha, S.Syed Masoodhu International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals