Vol 11 Issue 1 April 2023-September 2023

Abstract: The present research aims to analyze the causes of delays and cost overruns in construction projects and to identify the methods to minimize delays and cost overruns. In the present era of rising need for infrastructure and growing competitiveness, construction projects must be completed on time and without cost overrun. Most construction projects are complex and filled with challenges, unexpected hindrances, and frequently emerging issues, leading to time and cost overruns. This research identified several government construction projects that suffered from delays and cost overruns. The data from these projects was analyzed in terms of its magnitude and frequency of occurrence, its effects and remedies to minimize the effects of the problems. The significant causes of delay and cost overruns were enumerated. The main reasons for the delay are the slow decision-making process, insufficient funds, partly available work sites, and the existence of essential services passing through the site. Based on the project analysis, several recommendations have been developed to manage and reduce delays and cost overruns effectively.

Keywords: delay, time, cost, overrun, construction, project.

Title: Strategies for Reducing Construction Project Delays and Cost Overruns

Author: Zavvar Kazim, Mohammad Sharif, Akil Ahmed

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 91-98

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Published Date: 28-September-2023

Abstract: The present study explored the synergistic effects of alloying elements and solid solution treatment on the impact energy, density, and conductivity of Cu-3Si-(Zn, Sn) alloys system. Response surface optimal design (RSOD) was utilized to design the alloys compositions. The Cu-3Si-3(Zn, Sn) alloys samples were cast employing stir-casting technique and machined to the required dimensions for the properties tests. The cast samples underwent solid solution at temperature of 900^oC for 5 h. The microstructures of the cast samples were analyzed using optical metallurgical microscope (OM). The OM results revealed increased solid solution of zinc in the copper matrix after solid solution heat treatment. Conversely, tin showed increased segregation (coarse grains) in the copper matrix after heat treatment. This led to increase in electrical conductivity of Cu-3Si-3(Sn) ternary alloy in heat treated condition, unlike in Cu-3Si-3(Zn) where a decrease in electrical conductivity is obtained. Both Cu-3Si-3(Zn) and Cu-3Si-3(Sn) ternary alloys recorded increase in impact energy compared with the parent alloy (Cu-3Si). The impact energy of Cu-3Si-3(Sn) ternary alloy recorded a slight increase from 25.2 J to 25.9 J after heat treatment. Cu-3Si-3(Sn) ternary alloy also recorded a slight decrease in density compared with the as-cast Cu-3Si-3(Sn) and parent alloys. Solid solution heat treatment had no positive effect of the impact energy and electrical conductivity of Cu-3Si-3(Zn) ternary alloy.

Keywords: Cu-3Si-3Zn; Cu-3Si-3Sn; grainsmorphology; strength; hardness.

Title: Synergistic effects of alloying elements and solid solution treatment on the impact energy, density and conductivity of Cu-3Si-3(Zn, Sn) alloys system

Author: Agatha Ifeoma ijomah, Kingsley Chidi Nnakwo, Nkem Emelike Nwankwo, Ifeanacho Uchenna Okeke

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 85-90

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Published Date: 15-September-2023

Abstract: This research explored the microstructure, impact energy, density, and electrical properties of Al-doped Cu-3Si-Al ternary alloys. The Cu-3Si-xAl (x: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 5 wt%) alloys were prepared via stir-casting method. The effects of aluminium contents on the impact energy, density, electrical conductivity and resistivity of Cu-3Si were investigated. The microstructures of the developed alloys were analyzed using optical metallurgical microscope (OM). Results of the study showed that the addition of aluminium increased both the impact energy and electrical conductivity of Cu-3Si alloy, recording maximum values of 39 J and 34.21 S/m. The density of the parent alloy (Cu-3Si) increased from 8.21 g/cm³ to 8.4 g/cm³, after adding 0.1 wt% aluminium.

Keywords: Impact energy, electrical conductivity; resistivity; Cu-Si-Al alloy; density.

Title: Experimental study of microstructure, impact energy, physical, and electrical properties of Al-doped Cu-3Si-Al ternary alloy

Author: Agatha Ifeoma Ijomah, Kingsley Chidi Nnakwo, Jerome Ugwu Odo, Ifeanacho Uchenna Okeke

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 79-84

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Published Date: 15-September-2023

Abstract: The objective of this study is to assess the attitudes and behaviors of individuals using bicycles and motor vehicles in mixed traffic conditions. The study area selected for this research is the Balkh city, located in Afghanistan. A survey questionnaire was administered to a total of 500 participants. In this study, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was employed for data analysis, utilizing data collected from the field. Additionally, the Structural Equation Model (SEM) method was utilized. Based on the prescribed sampling formula, a minimum sample size of 383 surveys is required for studies within a population of 250,000, with a 95% confidence level and a margin of error of 0.05. Consequently, the determined minimum sample size was established as 384. In an effort to mitigate sampling error and enhance the statistical robustness of the survey, the sample size was expanded to include 500 participants, comprising 250 cyclists and 250 car drivers, proportionate to the general population of the city.

The statistical analysis confirmed the significance of all factors, and the assessment of model fit indices demonstrated that the obtained model exhibited a favorable fit.

Keywords: Bicycle, Motor vehicle, Mixed traffic, CFA, (SEM), AMOS, Balkh, Maza-i-sharif.

Title: BICYCLE USE IN MIXED TRAFFIC IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION: THE CASE OF BALKH (AFGHANISTAN)

Author: Assoc. Prof. Ahmet ATALAY, Mohammad Halim RAHIMI

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 69-78

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Published Date: 09-September-2023

Abstract: Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) has been developed as a result of recent substantial technical breakthroughs in the construction sector, which have led to the creation of materials with desirable qualities. This research intended to examine the strength characteristics of GFRP through a variety of tests, including elongation, tensile, and shear strength tests. Using specified ASTM regulations, a steel and GFRP underground water tank was constructed, and AutoCAD drawings and plans were made for a construction that will employ GFRP rebar. The financial viability of employing GFRP rebar over steel rebar in construction projects was assessed by comparing the rate analyses of the design's reinforcements with those of steel rebar. Testing revealed that GFRP rebar has greater Tensile Strength and Shear Strength than traditional steel rebars of the same diameters. According to the results of the elongation test, the material had less elongation than typical steel rebar. The same- sized underground water tanks were designed twice, with steel used for one and GFRP Rebars for the other. While the steel structure's entire reinforcement weight was 3068.07 kg and costs 214766 Rs, the GFRP structure's total reinforcement weight was 697.5 kg and cost about 148572 Rs. A total cost efficiency of 30.82% was obtained by swapping steel rebars with GFRP reinforcements.

Keywords: GFRP, Rebar, Underground Water tank, Steel rebar, Reinforced Concrete.

Title: GFRP Rebars in Reinforced Concrete Underground Water Tank: A Sustainable and Economical Alternative

Author: Pratik P. Patil, Aditya Patil, Prajwal Patil, Vishwank Patil, Sanika V. Jaygade

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 62-68

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Published Date: 26-May-2023

Abstract: The impact of the Olympics has long been under question as cities have been left in an inescapable detriment to their economy and environment while others experienced an overall profit. Therefore, it is important to analyze how some cities were so successful in hosting the Olympics while others were left with a giant bill that still holds an impact on them today. To maximize the true effects the Olympics can hold onto a city’s production of infrastructure while minimizing the debt they are left with, it is important to reflect on cities that have hosted the Olympics in the past. The objective of this paper is to analyze factors such as infrastructure, environment, economy, etc. to conclude the true overall impact an Olympic Series could cause on a host city. The findings of this paper are intended to help perceive the true effective procedures to profit the most from hosting the Olympic Games, while also being a catalyst to what could be altered in the process to make the process as cost-efficient and effective as possible.

Keywords: Olympics; Olympic Games; environment; host city; economy; infrastructure.

Title: Olympic Structures and their Effect on the Host City’s Environment, Economy, and Infrastructure

Author: Junoh Kim

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 52-61

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Published Date: 22-May-2023

Abstract: Concrete inhibitors are used in fresh concrete to delay chemical setting or hardening of concrete for up to an hour. They are typically used in hot weather conditions to reduce rapid hardening due to high temperature, thus allowing time for mixing, transfer and pouring. Concrete retarders are also used as mix water reducers. Concrete surface retarders  Concrete surface retarders are also called "surface retarders", and are applied to fresh concrete to chemically reduce the hardening of the concrete surface. Unlike concrete retarders, they allow the rest of the concrete to react normally, without affecting the rate of hardening or strength gain.

Keywords:  Retarding Admixture, Concrete surface retarders, Concrete inhibitors.

Title: RETARDING ADMIXTURE

Author: Eng. Jumah Binobaid, Eng. Meshari Almubaraki

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 43-51

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Published Date: 18-May-2023

Abstract: This research aims to developing workshop for civil and construction work with modern specifications throg the provision of advance and safe devices and appropriate advance in construction materials testing laboratories, ensure that all equipment is operated safety, in addition to raising the efficiency of working cadres and the need to follow safety instruction also the responsibility of each person working in the workshop must be.

Keywords: construction workshops, concrete laboratories, construction training institute.

Title: Developing Construction Workshops and Concrete Laboratories at the Construction Training Institute

Author: Meshari Almubaraki, Jemaa bin Obaid

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 38-42

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Published Date: 16-May-2023

Abstract: This paper presents a novel approach to establish water security through autonomous rainwater harvesting, storage, and distribution mechanisms. The primary focus of the research is on developing a reliable and cost-effective method for harvesting, storing, and distributing rainwater in an autonomous manner, whereby the system is self-regulating in terms of harvesting, storing, and distributing water in response to localized and customized needs or conditions, more especially to communities that are struggling to meet their minimal water demands. The paper aims to develop an integrated and automated system that is capable of collecting, storing, and distributing rainwater in a sustainable manner, with the goal of increasing water security in areas with limited or unreliable water supply as exhibited in arid and semi-arid lands or places with poor water infrastructure conditions. The research will initially explore existing rainwater harvesting systems, including both conventional and innovative designs, in order to identify the most effective methods for harvesting rainwater. This will include looking at appropriate storage, filtration and distribution systems, as well as considering the economic, environmental, and social impacts of these systems, identifying the benefits and drawbacks of their system design deployment. Following this, the research will focus on developing an autonomous rainwater harvesting system that is capable of responding to economic, environmental and social factors in an efficient and cost-effective manner. This will involve the development of an integrated and automated system for collecting, storing and distributing rainwater, with an emphasis on sustainability and water security. The research will consider issues such as water scarcity, resource management, and environmental protection in order to ensure that the autonomous rainwater harvesting system is designed with these considerations in mind. Additionally, it will analyze the cost-effectiveness of the proposed system, and explore potential areas of application for the system. Finally, the paper will provide an assessment of the overall impact of the autonomous rainwater harvesting system on water security and consider the potential for further development and improvement of the system if sustainable.

Keywords: rainwater harvesting, distribution mechanisms, distributing water, water security.

Title: SYNTHESIS: SMART RAINWATER HARVESTING, STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION TO ENHANCE WATER SECURITY

Author: Sam Okemwa, Kelvin Kiprono, DR. Eng. Peter Matuku, DR. Eng. Clement Kiptum, Prof. Eng. Emmanuel Kipkorir

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 32-37

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 05-May-2023

Abstract: Construction contracts are complicated legal agreements with several terms that must be carefully considered. As a result, it is critical that all parties participating in construction projects understand the relevance of contractual clauses and how they might influence project results. This allows construction professionals to negotiate, draw, and execute contracts that are more successful in achieving their objectives.

In this technical paper, we will examine the importance of contractual provisions in construction contracts, and develop the contract pricing process to according to contractual provisions within the integrated contract management system, which can be partially or fully self-executing and self-enforcing, eliminates the need for intermediaries and makes methods such as demand letters or legal action unnecessary. Digital transformation for high productivity Smart contracts can execute terms automatically when predefined conditions are met, and blockchain technology can ensure that automated tasks are transparent and uncorrupted.

Throughout the paper, we will draw upon existing literature studies and empirical research to illustrate the practical implications of our findings. By providing a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between contractual provisions and construction contract pricing, this paper aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of this critical aspect of the construction industry

Keywords: Contract Pricing, project management, Risk Allocation, Contracts Provisions, Digital transformation.

Title: CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS’ PRICING ACCORDING TO CONTRACTUAL PROVISIONS AND RISK ALLOCATION

Author: Sara Farag Abd Al-Wahab, Ahmed Mohammed Abdelalim, Manal Sayed Abd El-Hamid

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 8-31

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Published Date: 28-April-2023

Abstract: By 2025, there will be insufficient drinking water according to a report of the world meteorological organization (WMO). In order to provide drinking water it was found that the use of seawater in the concrete industry was necessary. Researchers in the last decade’s findings have revealed some very important facts, but still it remains to be a dynamic subject for further study about the chemical deterioration of concrete for sea water used. This research presents an experimental study of the effect of sea water in concrete mixture, Totally 57 specimens (27cubes, 18cylinders, 12columns) where tested. The concrete cubes were going to be cured for 7, 28 and 96 days. The cubes were divided into three groups, group (A) concrete is mixed and cured in fresh water (FF). Group (B) was mixed and cured in seawater (SS), while group (C) mixed in fresh water and sea water (FS) by 50%. From the experimental results it was found that, The compressive strength in concrete mix B (SS) was higher than concrete which mix A (FF) and mix C (FS) by 31% and 7% at age 7 days, but at age 28 days the compressive strength in concrete mix A (FF) was higher than concrete which mix B (SS) and mix C (FS) by 4% and 10%, and at 96 days the compressive strength in concrete mix A (FF) was higher than concrete which mix B (SS) and mix C (FS) by 13% and 18%, due to the chloride contains tends to accelerate the setting of cement and may be due to salt crystallisation formation facing the strength gain.

Keywords: Columns; Sea water; Fresh water; GFRP-reinforced concrete; Fire, Compression behaviour.

Title: Compressive Strength of Concrete Mixed and Cured with Different Ratios of Fresh and sea Water

Author: Magdy M.M. Genedy, Samy Akil Fawzy, Girgis Jacoup Ghattas, Nehal M. Ayash

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 1-7

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 15-April-2023