Vol 12 Issue 1 April 2024-September 2024

Abstract: The coagulation and disinfecting properties of Aloe barbedansis (Aloevera) and Carica papaya seeds from mature fruits were studied in water. A water sample was taken from the local government area of Batagarawa, near the Ajiwa dam in Katsina State, Nigeria. A number of physical, chemical, and biological characteristics were measured for the water sample, including turbidity which showed 256 NTU prior to treatment but decreased to 11 NTU, 36 NTU, and 61 NTU for aluminum sulfate, Aloevera and carica papaya seed treated water respectively. The findings indicated that the Carica papaya seed, Aloevera, and Aluminum Sulfate had effects on pH, for Alluminium sulphate, the pH of the water sample decreased from 7.8 to 6.4. For carica papaya, the pH decreased from 7.8 to 7.4, and for aloevera, it showed a rise in pH from 7.8 to 8.1. The raw water's BOD level is 6.5 mg/l; however, after treatment, it has reduced to 1.5 mg/l, 3 mg/l, and 2.9 mg/l for aluminum Sulfate, aloevera and carica papaya seed, respectively. Before treatment, the raw water's total caliform count was 16 MPN/ml. Following treatment, this count decreased to 1 MPN/ml, 10 ppm/ml, and 8 MPN/ml for water sample treated with chlorine, carica papaya, and aloevera, respectively. Raw water for Styphyloccus aureus has 1657 CFU/ml, following treatment, the levels of chlorine, carica papaya, and aloevera decreased to 2 cfu/ml, 11 cfu/ml, and 9 cfu/ml, respectively. Before treatment, the amount of fecal streptococcus was 1035 CFU/ml; this was lowered to 1 CFU/ml, 10 CFU/ml, and 8 CFU/ml for water sample treated with chlorine, carica papaya, and aloevera, respectively. The laboratory tests were conducted utilizing accepted analytical techniques and protocols for the evaluation of water quality. The outcome demonstrates the utility of Carica papaya seed and Aloevera for disinfecting home water was satisfactory.

Keywords: water treatment, water quality, disinfection, aloevera, carica papaya, Aluminum Sulfate, chlorine.

Title: Efficiency Evaluation of Carica Papaya seed, and Aloe Barbadensis in Water Purification

Author: Ibrahim Ma’aji, Nura Usman, Gidado Garba Lawal

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Vol. 12, Issue 1, April 2024 - September 2024

Page No: 144-148

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Published Date: 23-August-2024

Abstract: The construction of high voltage electrical network in Egypt requires the construction of thousands of lattice towers of different shapes and sizes. Generally, the foundations of such towers are subjected to three types of loads, the downward trust (compression), the pullout (tension) and the side trust (horizontal shear). The soil above and surrounding a tower foundation has to resist a considerable amount of tension force and lateral force. In the current research, the effect of different parameters, such as the soil type, footing dimension, relative compaction and the ratio between the foundation depth to footing width on the pullout capacity of shallow horizontal footings subjected to uplift force and lateral force were studied. A detailed series of laboratory tests were carried out considering the footing dimensions (3.5*7 cm, 5*10 cm and 7.5*15 cm), the relative dentists (100% and 92%) were used. The ratio between foundation depths to footing width is (1, 1.5 and 2.5). A detailed series of laboratory tests were carried out to expect the behavior of the footing of electrical towers. A parametric study is performed to investigate the load displacement curve and the ultimate pullout load of shallow footings under tension force and lateral force.

Keywords: Uplift resistance, Lateral load, Anchor footing, Footings of lattice towers.

Title: STUDY THE BEHAVIOR OF ELECTRICAL TOWER FOOTING SUBJECTED TO UPLIFT AND LATERAL LOADS

Author: Nourhan M .Amin, Amr M. Radwan, Dalia B. Hamdy, Heba E. Matter

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Vol. 12, Issue 1, April 2024 - September 2024

Page No: 133-143

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Published Date: 13-August-2024

Abstract: The present work is devoted for studying the behavior of shallow footings subjected to vertical pullout force only. This research is applicable particularly in the construction of high voltage electrical network in Egypt, which has required the construction of thousands of lattice towers of different shapes and sizes. The total cost of foundation works in a transmission project may be quite high; therefore, the investigation for the pullout resistance of footings is very important in order to achieve rational and economical design for the footings.

The ultimate pullout resistance of footing-soil system is calculated as a function of the footing geometrical dimensions and soil properties. The pullout resistance mainly depends on different factors namely, depth of embedment, soil density, footing width and percentage of fine content.

The study was done by performing experimental work comprising footing plate models, fabricated to fit into a tank 60 x 40 x 40 cm.

Keywords: Pullout force, Uplift resistance, Anchor footing, Footings of lattice towers.

Title: Experimental Study for Determining the Uplift Capacity of Footings Subjected to Tension Force

Author: Nourhan Mahmoud Amin, Amr Mohamed Radwan, Dalia Bahaa EldinHamdy, Heba Elsaid Mohammed Matter

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Vol. 12, Issue 1, April 2024 - September 2024

Page No: 122-132

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 01-August-2024

Abstract: Natural clays are readily available in many geographical locations in Nigeria and their use for advanced materials have limited by processing and properties assessments. This work was carried out to process and characterize some selected clays for structural applications. Ball clay and stoneware clay were obtained from Kogi State, Nigeria and were modified with some non-plastic minerals. The processed clays were achieved by ball milling with the addition of non-plastic minerals (feldspar, limestone and talc) and milled at 150 rpm for 30mins. The slurry was sieve with 100 µm sieve sizes and made to pass through a magnetic wet separator in other for the impurities to be reduced to a tolerable amount and spray dried at temperature of 220°C and the dried powder was calcine at 800°C for 30 minutes. The raw and processed clays were characterized with XRF, FTIR and SEM to determine the chemical compositions, the functional group as well as the microstructural features, respectively. The results of the characterization revealed that silicon (Si) followed by aluminum (Al) were the major elements in the particles while the spectral band suggested the presents of quarts and others minerals with Si-O stretching modes. The SEM micrographs revealed good proper mix and interaction between the clays and the solid minerals which suggested the adaptability of the materials for production of advanced materials structural components.

Keywords: Natural clay, solid minerals, structural components, advanced materials, processing, characterization.

Title: PROCESSING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTED CLAYS AND NON-PLASTIC MINERALS FOR ADVANCED STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS

Author: Adewumi O.A., Oladele I.O., Daramola O.O., Ezemenike C. S., Adeyanju B.B., Aladenika A.K., Idowu A.S., Oyedokun O.V

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Vol. 12, Issue 1, April 2024 - September 2024

Page No: 112-121

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 25-June-2024

Abstract: Research into reinforcing reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams with apertures using externally bonded basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) composite sheets is detailed in this article.

Nine deep beams with holes were built and put through their paces with a three-point load. A total length of 1000 mm and a cross-section of 150 x 500 mm were the dimensions of the test specimen. At the beam's midpoint, two holes were symmetrically positioned; one hole was in each shear span. Opening shapes and BFRP sheet orientation were among the test factors.

The degree to which the normal load route was interrupted largely determined the structural response of RC deep beams with apertures. The shear strength of RC deep beams was enhanced more by horizontally bonded BFRP strengthening around the apertures than by vertical strengthening.

The horizontal BFRP sheets increased the material's strength by 8–54%. Whereas, between zero and eighteen percent, strength is increased by means of vertical BFRP. An analytical technique was presented and compared with test results for the prediction of shear strength in RC deep beams with apertures reinforced with BFRP sheets.

Keywords: Basalt fiber -reinforced polymer (BFRP) sheets, Deep beams, Openings, Strengthening, horizontally, vertically.

Title: Basalt Fiber Sheets for shear Strengthening of Deep Beams with Openings

Author: Hala Mamdouh, Hoda A. Awad, Mostafa A. Osman

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Vol. 12, Issue 1, April 2024 - September 2024

Page No: 99-111

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 13-June-2024

Abstract: The project aims to evaluate the design and construction of four distinct 35-storey commercial high-rise buildings, focusing on two Reinforced Concrete (RC). Each building will be scrutinized based on criteria including structural stability, efficiency, flooring systems, structural frames, economic viability, and construction time. Structural stability and efficiency will be assessed concerning resistance to lateral and vertical loads, material utilization, and overall robustness. Flooring systems and structural frames, such as flat plate systems for RC buildings and steel moment resisting frames for steel structures, will be compared in terms of construction complexity, layout flexibility, and long-term maintenance needs. Moreover, an economic analysis will scrutinize construction costs per unit area, including materials, labour, equipment, and long-term expenses. The overall stiffness of each structure and construction time for the superstructure will also be evaluated, providing comprehensive insights to aid engineers and developers in making informed decisions when designing and constructing high-rise buildings.

By conducting a holistic assessment, this project seeks to offer valuable insights into the structural performance, economic feasibility, and construction efficiency of different high-rise building types. Through careful analysis of factors such as stability, efficiency, economic viability, and construction time, engineers and developers can make informed decisions when designing and constructing high-rise buildings in urban environments. This comprehensive approach aims to optimize building design and construction processes, ensuring the development of safe, cost-effective, and efficient structures suited to the demands of modern urban landscapes.. 

Keywords: Structural efficiency, stability, cost effectiveness, sustainability.

Title: Comparison of Structural Efficiency in Relation to High Rise Structures

Author: Balraj Singh Tagore, Tanmay Yuwaraj Patil

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Vol. 12, Issue 1, April 2024 - September 2024

Page No: 63-98

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Published Date: 12-June-2024

Abstract: After use, paper often becomes waste, contributing to environmental issues through incineration or littering. This study explores the potential use of discarded paper as a partial substitute for cement, ranging from 0% to 15% in 5% increments. Concrete cubes were prepared for each substitution level following a mix design ratio of 1:2:4 and a water-cement ratio of 0.5, undergoing curing for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Assessment included predictive tests for strengths, workability, consistency, water absorption, and compressive strength, adhering to British Standard specifications and mathematical models. Results showed a well-graded aggregate size distribution and true slumps in fresh concrete. Waste paper ash (WPA) and cement had specific gravities of 3.13 each, with mixtures ranging from 3.12 to 3.15 for WPA content from 5% to 15%. Notably, 15% WPA exhibited the highest water absorption (3.06%), while 0% had the lowest (2.30%). Compressive strengths at 28 days for altered concrete (5-15% WPA) ranged from 15.32 N/mm² to 27.71 N/mm² compared to 25.56 N/mm² for the control. Strength loss followed a similar trend across compressive, flexural, and split strengths. The modulus of elasticity ranged from 25 to 29.58 GPa, with Poisson’s ratio from 0.31 to 0.41. These findings suggest that within the experimental context, waste paper ash demonstrates properties akin to conventional Portland cement when substituted.

Keywords: cement, concrete, waste paper ash, recyclable, replacement.

Title: Structural Use of Low Dosage Waste Paper Ash In concrete

Author: Adeala Adeniran Jolaade, Olaoye Joseph Oladapo

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Vol. 12, Issue 1, April 2024 - September 2024

Page No: 53-62

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Published Date: 11-June-2024

Abstract: The article focused on the usage of Artificial Intelligence and its aids to the Construction Industry. This paper examines a few case studies and elaborates on some of the benefits of adopting artificial intelligence in the construction industry such us streamlining the stock chain, provides a safe and secure environment for human beings and etc.it is clearly noted that artificial intelligence has contributed positively in saving cost and time in the construction businesses

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Construction and Engineering Industry, Construction Projects.

Title: Artificial Intelligence and its aids to the Construction Industry

Author: Fahad Nasser Al-Khaldi

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Vol. 12, Issue 1, April 2024 - September 2024

Page No: 46-52

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Published Date: 25-May-2024

Abstract: The black cotton soil is known as expansive soil due to its property of swelling and expansiveness with influence of variance moisture in soil. It also shows shrinkage behavior when dried. Due to these properties the strength characteristics are also affected adversely. The black cotton soil is also widely available in all around the world which leads us to wastage of land for construction uses to resolve this problem we can replace the expansive soil by non-expansive soil which is also a costly option so in this present paper we have stabilize a soil using waste material named marble powder which is a byproduct of marble industries. For the determination of properties, we have performed atterberg’s limit test, particle size distribution by wet sieve analysis, water content test, specific gravity test, OMC and MDD test on the sample of granite powder. We have mark a great improvement in engineering properties of black cotton soil by stabilizing it with 5%, 10% and 15%, of replacement by granite powder. It also gives large decrement in swelling and shrinkage behavior of soil.

Keywords: Soil Stabilization, Granite powder , Ground improvement technique, Marble dust, Cost effective, Black Cotton Soil.

Title: SOIL STABILIZATION OF BLACK COTTON SOIL BY USING GRANITE POWDER

Author: MR .TEJAS RAVINDRA KIRPAN, MR .VINAYAK VAIJNATH KHARATMOL, MS. SRUSHTI SHAILESH NIMSE, MS. URMILA RAVINDRA KAMBALE, PROF. NIVRUTTI JADHAV

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Vol. 12, Issue 1, April 2024 - September 2024

Page No: 38-45

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Published Date: 12-April-2024

Abstract: Use of deep beam in construction field saves money as well as increase the strength of structure. Reinforced concrete deep beams have very useful structural application such as piles-caps, water tanks and tall buildings. Addition of steel fibers gives good results to both load carrying capacity and increase the flexural strength of the deep beam. Steel fiber is kind of newly developed reinforced material for concrete widely adopted globally now a day, which features good performance in anti-crack, pressure resistance, anti-abrasion bending toughness, affinity with concrete, reinforcement for construction element component and lengthy service life. Thus by using the steel fiber reinforced deep beam with varying percentage of steel fibers increases the first crack load and the ultimate load which gives the high flexural strength to the structure and achieves economy. This paper includes study of behaviour of steel fiber reinforced concrete in deep beam with advantages, disadvantages, properties of steel fiber etc.

Keywords: Steel Fiber, Beam, Anti-Abrasion Bending Toughness, Affinity, Reinforcement.

Title: Behaviour of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete in Deep Beam for Flexure

Author: MISS. RUCHITA SONAR, MR. KARAN GAIKWAD, MR SANKET PATIL, MR AVINASH JETHE, MISS. SONIYA KADAM

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Vol. 12, Issue 1, April 2024 - September 2024

Page No: 29-37

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Published Date: 11-April-2024

Abstract: In this study, integral calculus has been applied to the beam analogy method for the evaluation of the non-dimensional frequency parameters of isotropic functionally graded (FG) rectangular plates resting on Winkler elastic foundation. The fundamental assumptions of linear, elastic, small-deflection theory of bending for thin plates due to Kirchhoff are taken into consideration. Using direct integration, characteristic orthogonal polynomials (COPs) shape function for all-round clamped (CCCC) plate is formulated. The effect of aspect ratios on the natural frequency of the plate is examined. It is evident that adding an elastic foundation increases the non-dimensional frequency parameter of the plates. Furthermore, like plates resting on Winkler foundation, an increase in aspect ratio, causes a corresponding increase in frequency for plates not subjected to the effect of Winkler elastic foundation regardless of the boundary configuration. Hence, fixity of supports increases the fundamental natural frequency of the plate, and so increases the resistance of the plate to higher forcing frequencies before resonance can occur. It is also observed that an increase in power law index decreases the frequency parameters of the plate. The validity of the present theory is investigated by comparing some of the present results with those reported in the literature. It can be concluded that the proposed theory is accurate and simple in solving the free vibration behavior of FG plates.

Keywords: Winkler foundation, vibration, functionally graded plate, rectangular plat, characteristic orthogonal polynomials.

Title: Vibration Characteristics of Functionally Graded Fixed Thin Rectangular Plate on Winkler Elastic Foundation Using Beam Analogy Method

Author: Ohia, C. A, Onwuka, D. O, Okere, C. E, Onwuka, S. U

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Vol. 12, Issue 1, April 2024 - September 2024

Page No: 10-28

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Published Date: 09-April-2024

Abstract: This paper investigates the effect of polypropylene fibers on slump flow of self-compacting lightweight concrete. The water/binder ratio that was used in concrete mixes was set to 0.4. four mixes with different proportions of Polypropylene fibers were prepared and adjusted by inserting micro-silica and fly ash as supplementary cementitious materials. The percentages of micro-silica and fly ash were fixed to have the values of 5% and 20%, respectively. The replacement ratios of Polypropylene Fibers were from 0% up to 0.4%. The graduation, specific gravity, water absorption, and fineness modulus have been testified for two types of local fine aggregates, in addition to, the graduation, specific gravity, water absorption, particle shape, and surface texture of lightweight scoria coarse aggregate. the relationships between the proportions of fibers and slump flow of fresh concrete have been identified as well.

Keywords:  Lightweight Concrete (LWC), Self-compacted Concrete (SCC), Self-Compacted Lightweight Concrete (SCLC), Micro Silica (MS), Fly ASH (FA), Polypropylene Fibers (PF), Scoria Coarse Aggregate.

Title: The Effect of Polypropylene Fibers on Slump Flow of Fresh Self-Compacting Lightweight Concrete

Author: Amir Hares, Diaa Alrefaai, Mohammad Ismaeil, Mohamed Almahadi

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Vol. 12, Issue 1, April 2024 - September 2024

Page No: 1-9

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 08-April-2024