Vol 3 Issue 2 October 2015-March 2016

Abstract: Demand for transportation, safety is an issue of major social concern and an area of extensive research work. The rate of accident in developing countries like India increases year by year.In the present study, the accident data, volume, spot speed data of the proposed stretch from the year 2010-2014 has been collected from concerned police stations in prepared data formats. The data sheet covers all the accident details. At each police station First Information Reports were referred to note down the accident particulars. The analysis work was carried out for the proposed stretch and black spots were identified. After this, the main data required is the geometrics of the road way which will be useful for the evaluation of the black spot locations. A model is built with the accident rate as dependent variable and road environment factors such as road width, shoulder width, curvatures, sight distances, radius and number of crossroads or junctions, no of culverts etc. as independent variables. Keywords: transportation, accident, volume, spot speed, BUSY CORRIDOR (NH-5). Title: TRAFFIC VOLUME AND SPOT SPEED ANALYSIS ON A BUSY CORRIDOR (NH-5) Author: P. Anusha, M. Anvesh Kumar International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This paper discusses the result of study conducted on rigid inclusions in black cotton soil. Black cotton soils are problematic soils. These soil swells on addition of water and shrinks on loss of moisture. Due to this buildings constructed in black cotton soil cause structural distress by differential settlement. Therefore rigid inclusions are adopted for improvement of these soils. Rigid inclusion is a ground improvement technique utilized in black cotton soil to improve the bearing capacity of the soil. It reduces the largest settlement by transferring the vertical load of the upper structure to the underlying load bearing stratum in which the piles are installed. A comparison between the virgin clay and rigid inclusion were also studied, in order to find the increment of load carrying capacity. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the characteristics, testing of rigid inclusion piles with one, two three number of piles and benefits in using black cotton soil. The experimental investigation of piles indicated that the required performance of the rigid inclusions is achievable. Keywords: Rigid inclusions, bearing capacity, Settlement, Black cotton soil, Structural distress. Title: Experimental Investigation of Rigid Inclusions in Black Cotton Soil Author: E.Sowmya, S.Syed Masoodhu International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Increased deposition of construction waste in the environment and the continued depletion of the natural resources for construction raw material has led to the growing research on recycled aggregate concrete to find out and prove whether it can be as durable as natural aggregate concrete. Durability of this type of concrete is of great concern especially in harsh environments such as seawater environments, areas exposed to numerous freezing and thawing cycles and areas containing chemicals like sulphates or chlorides This paper presents a multiscale stochastic finite element method that incorporates our newly developed digital image kernel for studying chloride diffusion in concrete and how it affects the durability of recycled aggregate concrete. The major focus of this study is to compare the development and application of our new digital image kernel with other five selected kernels from literature. The main purpose of this paper was to highlight the advantages and disadvantages in developing the kernel and in its application. Keywords: Recycled Aggregate Concrete, Multiscale Stochastic Finite Element Model, Karhunen-Loeve Theory, Chloride Diffusion, Digital Image Kernel. Title: Multiscale Stochastic Finite Element Modeling for Chloride Diffusion in Recycled Aggregate Concrete Using Digital Image Kernel Author: Samba Dia, Yu-Ching Wu International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete, T. Sai Kiran, Dr. K. Srinivasa Rao, International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research, ISSN 2348-7607 (Online), Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The recent major earthquakes have demonstrated the necessity of adequate nonlinear analysis in design of new reinforced structures. Moreover, it is not only necessary to assure buildings for non-collapse. Current studies focus also on the minimization of the economic loss. As a result, the performance based earthquake engineering (PBEE) methods are developed in order to estimate the performance levels of the structures under certain potential hazard.The overall objective of the current research is to investigate the structural behavior under seismic loading of a reinforced concrete frame. Two widely used PBEE procedures are considered - static pushover analysis and incremental dynamic analysis. In addition, the analyses are performed considering different variable loading. At the end, a comparison of the two methods is made in order to outline the advantages of both methods and to estimate their applicability in the contemporary structural design. Keywords: nonlinear analysis, static pushover analysis, incremental dynamic analysis, reinforced concrete frame. Title: Nonlinear Analysis of a Reinforced Concrete Frame Author: Gergana Aleksieva International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Increasing urbanization, water intake, and human water interaction of drainage canals of the Hidalgo County watershed seals the drainage basin and expands floodplains along the canal-side. Incremental use of drainage systems affects the amounts of nutrients that can cause an exposure to residues of agriculture chemicals, water related parasitic diseases, and fecal diseases. Proper water quality management is crucial for pollutant transport detection, estimation of non-point source discharge, and prediction of pollutant discharge at water endpoints. This research seeks to improve the understanding stormwater quality and quantity that is influenced by the frequency of human-water contacts and associated with treatment disposal of drainage water. This study developed one-dimensional water quality transport numerical analysis model, where a stable hydraulic analysis is moderated by fixed weirs as internal boundary conditions to reflect low flow conditions and are then used to construct a water quality analysis model. It estimates changes in temperature, nutrient transport, and flow effects of North Hidalgo County drainage canals. Model simulation results were compared to monthly measurements, an energy budget, nutrient concentration, and flow regime for each stream reach. Project results characterize energy exchange processes at the stream surface and their effect on nutrient biology and transportation. Understanding the physical processes of the canal systems will provide managers with improved information to sustainably manage these ecological complex systems. Keywords: water quality, numerical model, stormwater drainage, nutrient transport, water flow rate. Title: Numerical Model Water Quality for Hidalgo County, Texas; Main Drainage System Author: Jose Orvyl Gonzalez, Grimaldo Carrillo, Jungseok Ho International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This paper deals with the analysis of drinking water of some selected villages of Manopad mandal, Mahabubnagar district, Telangana state. Physico chemical paremeters like Temperature, Turbidity, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness(TH), Fluorides, Chlorides, Nitrates, Sulphates, and Iron were analysed. Results were compared with standards prescribed by WHO. It was found that the water samples collected from Boravelly new habitation (coded as S1) and Boravelly over head storage tank water were found high amount of TDS. One important point found that except Government School over head storage tank water sample (Coded as S6) all samples were found excess fluoride limit. Keywords: Physico-Chemical Parameters, Groundwater, Water Quality. Title: Drinking Water Quality of Some Selected Villages of Manopad Mandal, Mahabubnagar District, Telangana State (India) Author: Dasaiah Srinivasulu, GRK Naidu International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This study describes the use and testing of recycled rubber tire crumbs as alternative construction material with waterproofing ability that could serve as a better alternative to the existing waterproofing products.   This research seeks the further use of rubber tire crumbs as a waterproofing agent in concrete structures to help improve the recycling of waste materials in accordance with the principle of sustainable development. The test procedures used in this research made use of experiments like water absorption test, sorptivity test, and water permeability test, utilizing different sieve sizes of rubber crumbs. The results of the tests for the waterproofing ability of the rubber concrete mixture using these test procedures were compared with some of the waterproofing products available in the market to determine if the rubber crumbs could be an alternative. The compressive strength for non- bearing structures (600 psi) of the rubber concrete mixture has also been maintained since previous experiments with rubber components proved that the compressive ability of the concrete drastically went down. It is hoped that this research can help future studies in generating innovations with the use of rubber crumbs in construction.

Keywords: Waterproofing of Concrete Recycled Rubber Tire Crumbs.

Title: Use of Recycled Rubber Tire Crumbs for Waterproofing of Concrete

Author: Anjerick J. Topacio, Nikko C. Gozo, Sydh Roeth V. Marquez, Rommel Victor M. Poblete, Harriet S. Ramos

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Abstract: PET bottles are major source of plastic waste which may cause different problems related to its disposal, dumping and recycling. PET being a mechanically strong and durable material, provides an opportunity for concrete technologists and researchers to study the use of PET as fibers in concrete, Thus the present experimental investigation was designed to study the effect of replacing Polypropylene fibers with PET fibers in concrete, by hybridization of the two fibers. In this investigation the performance of concrete with PET-Polypropylene fibers is evaluated. The performance of concrete is evaluated in terms of its workability and strength. Workability is measured with Slump cone test and Compaction factor test while the strength of different concrete mixes is measured as Compressive strength, Split tensile strength and Flexural strength etc. Six different types of mixes are prepared using different volume proportions of PET & Polypropylene in concrete. The addition of PET fibers reduced the workability of concrete but this reduction was smaller as compared to the addition of polypropylene fibers. Thus results for compressive, split, and flexural strength shows an improvement for mixes with more proportion of PET fibers & lesser polypropylene fibers. The cost analysis of concrete mixes with reference to the strength gain has shown that the PET-PP hybridization with 0.75% PET and 0.25% PP was the optimum mix proportions of these two fibers considering the cost/strength and overall strength gain among the hybrid fiber reinforced concrete mixes.

Keywords: Workability, Compressive strength, Split tensile strength, flexural strength, Cost effectiveness.

Title: Performance Evaluation of Pet-Polyproplene Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete In Terms of Work ability, Strength and Cost Effectiveness

Author: Gurpreet Singh, Dr. Sanjay Goel

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Lateral load on a multistory building is most critical one to consider for the design. In order to observe the seismic effect and wind effect on multi-story building, a study on precast load bearing wall of G+11 has been carried out. Four different seismic zones and all wind zones are considered for analysis using ETABS. The structural response due to lateral loads with load combination is extracted. Effect of lateral load on out-of-plane moments, axial forces, shear force, base shear, maximum storey drift and tensile forces on shear wall are plotted. Finally the effect of seismic zone and wind zone is tabulated.

Keywords: Multistory Building, Tensile Forces on Shear Wall, ETABS.

Title: Effect of Lateral Forces on Precast Shear Wall

Author: J.D. Chaitanya Kumar, Lute Venkat

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Abstract: Shelled Compressed Earth Blocks (SCEB) are compressed earth blocks with harder outer shell and inner core of less or no chemical stabilisation rammed into a single piece. The behaviour of the two different material layers when subjected to stress should be of concern in the general application of SCEB. This paper sets out to study how the two different layers co-work to resist applied load. A stress-strain test was conducted on shelled compressed earth blocks produced from the same soil type but different cement content using the optimum moisture content. The results revealed that the shell serves as a confinement resisting both lateral and axial load from the inner core and imposed load respectively.

Keywords: Shelled compressed earth, Weather resistance, Durability, Sustainability.

Title: Behaviour of Shelled Compressed Earth Masonry Unit under Load

Author: C. Egenti, J. M. Khatib

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Abstract: Concrete pavement has long been considered an environmentally and economically sustainable pavement choice for its longevity. This hallmark of concrete pavements ensures that the desirable performance characteristic of the pavement remains essentially intact for several decades. Concrete pavement mixtures incorporate industrial byproducts i.e., (fly ash and silica fumes) which lower the disposal needs, reduces the demand on virgin materials, and conserves natural resources. The design and properties of this type of concrete, which could be applied by using conventional equipment, are presented in this project. The technical characteristics of the concrete which includes local Fly Ash and Silica Fumes are well described including durability performance observation. The usage of these industrial by products to replace the cement is because the production of cement emits carbon dioxide gas in to atmosphere by increasing the effect of global warming.

To enhance the strength properties of the ordinary Portland cement (OPC), industrial by products such as Fly Ash and Silica Fumes can be utilized. The effect of Silica Fumes and Fly Ash      as a partial replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement on compressive strength, split tensile strength and stress strain behavior of concrete has been studied. To study these properties of concrete, it was categorized in to two groups with two water cement ratios of 0.3 and 0.35. Five types of mix proportions were used to cast the test specimens for both groups. The replacement levels of OPC by silica fumes were 0%, 10%, 20%, 25%, and 30% where replacement levels by Fly Ash were 0%, 10%, 20%, 25% and 30%. All these specimens are tested for 28 days strength. 20% of silica fumes and 20% of fly ash where found to be optimum for maximum compressive strength, maximum split tensile strength at low cost than that of conventional concrete which reduces the consumption rate of cement by 173 kg per cubic meter. Hence by reducing usage of amount of cement the cost of construction can be decreased which leads to low cost concrete pavements with high efficiency.

Keywords: Fly Ash and Silica Fumes, Ordinary Portland cement (Opc).

Title: Effect of Fly Ash and Silica Fumes on Strength, Stress Strain Behaviour of M25 Concrete Mix

Author: Dr. T SURESH BABU, J PAVITRA

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

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Abstract: In the process of compressive strength testing of Compressed Earth Blocks, displacement is usually observed to be high at the early stages of application of stress on compressed earth block specimens. This paper sets out to study this behaviour. A strain test was conducted on compressed earth blocks produced from the same soil type with 9 per cent optimum moisture content. The results revealed that the high displacement is usually due to inadequate compaction pressure during the production process. A minimum production compaction pressure for compressed earth block was deduced from the study to be 2.5N/m2 on both bed faces of the block.

Keywords: Compressed earth, Stress and strain, Compressive strength, Durability, Sustainability.

Title: Strain in Compressed Earth Block with Increase in Stress

Author: C. Egenti, J. M. Khatib

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Abstract: With increase in trend towards the wider use of concrete for pre-stressed concrete and high rise buildings there is a growing demand of concrete with higher compressive strength. Mineral additions which are also known as mineral admixtures have been used with cement for many years. One such material is micro silica which is produced in an electric arc furnace as a by-product of the production of elemental silicons or alloys containing silicon. The aim of the present work is to investigate the possibility of replacing the part of Portland cement by micro silica and fine aggregates by manufactured sand. Due to the storing issues, the waste negatively affects the environment. To solve this problem, an attempt was made to check the effectiveness of micro silica as a partial replacement of Portland cement. In the first phase the feasibility of micro silica with Portland cement was checked by preparing concrete mix of M30 grade and studying the effect of micro silica on mechanical properties of concrete. Portland cement was replaced by micro silica in percentages of 5% i.e., 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of cement and evaluating the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete. Optimum replacement percentage of micro silica was obtained as 15%. In the second phase the behavior of properties of concrete with optimum micro silica content and various percentage of replacement of natural sand with manufactured sand was studied. Fine aggregate was replaced up to 70% by manufactured sand and evaluating its compressive, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete. The optimum percentage of the manufactured sand and optimum micro silica content was found to be 15% Micro silica + 50% Manufactured sand. The concrete with this percentage of micro silica and manufactured sand shows more compressive, tensile and flexural strength compared to conventional concrete.

Keywords: Micro silica; Manufactured sand; Partial replacement; Concrete strength.

Title: An Experimental Investigation on the Strength of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement with Micro Silica and Natural Sand with Manufactured Sand

Author: Puneeth G T., Mamatha A

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Abstract: The high consumption of raw materials by the construction sector, results in chronic shortage of building materials and the associated environmental damage. Concrete industry is particularly important as it is not only responsible for consuming natural resources and energy but also for its capacity of absorbing other industries waste and by-products. For this reason the civil and environmental engineers have been challenged to convert the industrial waste to useful building and construction materials. In recent years the construction industry has shown considerable interest in the utilization of waste. To create products made of stone, the shape of the stone must be decorated through cutting , shaping and finishing, which can release dust and slurry sludge, in addition to these the waste stone cutting pieces are also generated. The stone pieces are creating disposal problems in and around the production area. At present the stone waste generating in exploration area and polishing industry are dumping in low lying area and in and around the road way. In Andhra Pradesh, Tadipatri is located in Anantapur District Basically this region is much potential for black layered stone. This stones are used in the construction industry for floors. The main aim of research work is to utilize the stone waste in the construction industry. Generally for concrete works crushed granite stone is used as coarse aggregate. In the proposed research work the waste produced by the polishing industries can be replaced in the place of granite and the Mechanical and Thermal properties were measured by heating IS standard cubes and  cylinders at 5 °C/min to temperatures of up to 800 °C results are to be studied. The obtained results of mechanical property measurement are compared with results obtained in other studies as well as with existing code provisions to evaluate their applicability. The research work is mainly focused to utilize the waste for the concrete works and later stages it may be recommended to use for the construction industry. The waste may be partially and fully replaced in placed of natural granite.

While these studies provided valuable information on concrete strength as a function of temperatures, almost all used specimens made with normal strength concrete made of granite aggregate. Thus, in light of the results of recent studies, which have shown that concrete behaviour at elevated temperature may be significantly different from that of Normal Strength Concrete. To study the thermal strength properties of concrete produced with stone waste aggregate. The coarse aggregate will be replaced by stone waste aggregate from 0 to 100% The compressive strength and split strength test of the concrete is to be tested under 00,  1000 , 2000 , 4000 , 6000 and 8000  temperatures and conclusions are to be drawn on their performance.

Keywords: Construction Sector, Building Materials and the Associated Environmental Damage.

Title: A Study on Mechanical Properties of Concrete Subjected to High Temperatures

Author: A. HARIKA, Dr. C. SASHIDHAR, Dr. T SURESH BABU

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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