Vol 4 Issue 2 October 2016-March 2017

Abstract: In recent years, the needs for better designing techniques and economical achieving are motivated the engineers to do numerous researches on the pre-stressing by using external un-bonded tendons. This paper describe a details numerical modelling of pre-stressed steel structures to investigate the effect of several parameters on the structure behaviour. The main objective of the parametric study in this paper is to investigate the performance of the pre-stressed beams at service life of the structure. ANSYS software is adopted in the current study to investigate the process of building the model, applying the pre-stressing force and the structure loads. The results show that a relatively small work effort and can be made very cost effective in comparison to other strengthening methods.

Keywords: Tendon; External pre-stressing; ANSYS; Steel I-beam; Deviator.

Title: Finite Element Analysis of the Pre-Stressed Steel Structures

Author: Hazem Samih Mohamed

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research   

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Now-a-days disposal of different wastes produced from different Industries is a great problem. These materials pose environmental pollution in the nearby locality because many of them are non-biodegradable. Traditionally soil, stone aggregates, sand, bitumen, cement etc. are used for road construction. Natural materials being exhaustible in nature, its quantity is declining gradually. Also, cost of extracting good quality of natural material is increasing. Plastics are user friendly but not eco-friendly as they are non-biodegradable generally, it is disposed by way of land filling or incineration of materials which are hazardous. Utilization of waste plastic bags in bituminous mixes has proved that these enhance the properties of mix in addition to solving disposal problems. Plastic waste which is cleaned is cut into a size such that it passes through 2-3mm sieve using shredding machine. The aggregate mix is heated and the plastic is effectively coated over the aggregate. This plastic waste coated aggregate is mixed with hot bitumen and the resulted mix is used for road construction.  The use of the innovative technology will not only strengthen the road construction but also increase the road life as well as will help to improve the environment.

Keywords: Bitumen characteristics, plastic wastes, super pave, flexible pavements.

Title: Study on Characteristics of VG30 Grade Bitumen Mixed with Waste Plastics

Author: Mr. Loganayagan S, Ms. Sowkarthika T, Ms. Nevetha K M, Mr. Saiprassanna S

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research   

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The sanitary ceramics industry inevitably generates wastes, irrespective of improvements introduced in manufacturing process. The present study investigated the reuse of these wasted as recycled coarse aggregate in partial substitution (15%, 20%, & 25%) of natural coarse aggregate in the manufacture of structural concrete. The results demonstrate that recycled, eco efficient concretes present slightly lower mechanical strength when compared to conventional concrete. Concrete is exposed to elevated temperatures when subjected to accidental fires in buildings or when is close to furnaces and reactors, as encountered in industrial applications. In this study the influence of high temperatures (4000C) on the strength of conventional concrete and that with partially replaced coarse aggregate is investigated. The results showed that concrete with ceramic waste as coarse aggregate showed less reduction in strength as compared to conventional concrete. Keywords: Ceramic aggregate, Elevated temperature. Title: RESIDUAL STRENGTH OF CONCRETE WITH CERAMIC WASTE AS COARSE AGGREGATE SUBJECTED TO ELEVATED TEMPERATURES Author: Thomas Paul, Aswanth T.S, Shamil V.K, Sibi Mathew, Vishal Koruthu Philip International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The principal ingredient of concrete, Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is unfortunately found to be associated with some adverse effects. Employing such by-products as alternates for cement has multiple benefits including conservation of environment, sustainability of resources and solving the disposal problem of by-products. One of the alternative is ‘Geopolymer Concrete’ (GPC) .The source materials of geopolymer could be of geological origin like metakaolin or by-product materials like fly ash, Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS), silica fume, rice-husk ash, etc. Black Rice Husk Ash (BRHA) is an agro-industrial waste obt ained by incinerating the rice husk and has a high content of unburnt carbon. Consequently, the use of BRHA as a construction material is very limited, even though it has high silica content about 90%. The objective of the present study was to develop geopolymer concrete mixtures using GGBS and BRHA. The investigation utilized GGBS as the base material for making the control geopolymer concrete. Then BRHA was used to replace GGBS in the mix in three different proportions, from 10-30%, for the rest of the mixes used in the study Basic strength parameters like tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of GPC were studied. Besides Addition of BRHA beyond 10% in GPC retarded its strength development. However, the strengths were well above the target strength up to 20% replacement levels of BRHA in GPC At the same time, addition of BRHA significantly improved the durability. Addition of BRHA beyond 20% is not beneficial. Keywords: geopolymer, concrete, Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag, Agro waste, Black Rice Husk Ash, Modulus of elasticity, tensile strength. Title: Strength Tests on Geopolymer Concrete Made With Black Rice Husk Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Author: S. POORNIMA International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Concrete is the most commonly used for construction.The need of high concrete is increasing day by day.The test for carried out on concrete specimens with 5,10,15,20,25% replacement of cement by metakoline and fly ash for all mix 10%.The addition of fly ash in concrete improves certain properties such as workability, later age strength development and few durability characteristics. Concrete is the high volume of fly ash and metakaolin as a partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement .The conventional concrete M60 was made using OPC 53 with metakaolin and fly ash.To evaluate optimize ratio and mechanical properties of metakaoline based on concrete and compare with conventional mix .From the optimization 20% cement replacement by metakaolin superior than all the mixes. The test to be conducted are:-  Compressive strength test  Flexural strength test Keywords: Metakaolin, flyash, high performance concrete, Compressive strength, Flexural strength. Title: METAKAOLIN AND FLYASH WITH PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT USING IN HPC Author: M.NARMATHA, Dr.T.FELIXKALA International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The main objective of this Thesis is study the effect of adding polymers to concrete on the behavior of R.C. beams exposed to fire under loading on the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams under different fire and cooling conditions. Experimental Work includes eighteen beams were tested with rectangular section its dimensions (120 * 250 * 1650) mm, divided into six groups, using different polymer ratio (RP) equal to (0%, 5%, and 10%) from cement weight. First and second groups were tested at room temperature. The third and fourth groups were loaded by 30% of the load measured at room temperature and then subjected to a temperature of 700° C for one hour then the load was increased up to failure. The fifth and sixth groups were loaded by 30% of the load measured at room temperature and then subjected to a temperature of 700 ° C for one hour then cooling by water then the load was increased up to failure. Analysis of test results shows clear improve in Flexural and shear Strength by adding polymer for the R.C beams not exposed to fire. But in the R.C beams exposed to fire the Flexural and shear Strength decreased by adding polymer. Keywords: RP; temperature; Flexural and shear Strength. Title: EFFECT OF ADDING POLYMERS TO CONCRETE ON THE BEHAVIOR OF R.C. BEAMS EXPOSED TO FIRE Author: Magdy.M.M Genidi, Hany.R.M.Mahmoud International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: A roof is structured to support its own weight —the dead load— and the weight of temporary objects resting on it —the live load. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the optimal slope of roof for it to support the most live load. With the use of roof structure models and weights, the ability of the roof to withstand mass was investigated. Roof structure models of particular slopes —0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60°— were created using thin strips of pinewood and superglue. Sand was added to the plastic bucket that was tied to a nylon string hung over the model until the model broke. The mass of the plastic bucket filled with sand was then measured and recorded as the break mass. The break masses were averaged and converted to psf (pounds per square feet), a widely used unit for live load of real roofs. According to several articles and academic journals, the maximum live load decreases as the slope of roof decreases, indicating that a flat roof, a roof of slope 0°, is the optimal slope. The hypothesis was partly justified as the experiment failed to show that the flat roof supported the most live load while still managing to justify that maximum live load decreases as slope of the roof increases as the average maximum live load of 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60° decreased respectively. Hence, coming to a conclusion that maximum live load decreases as slope of roof increases after 0°. Keywords: Break Mass, Dead Load, Slope of Roof, Maximum Live Load, Optimal Slope, and Roof Structure. Title: Investigating the Relationship between Slopes of Roofs and Maximum Live Load Author: David J. Kim International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The main theme behind this project is to perform analysis and design of a rectangular clear water reservoir. Water is getting scarce and polluted there is a necessity of construction of clear water reservoir for storage and distribution of pure water for different purposes. Water reservoir include both circular and rectangular .The design is done mainly based on the storage capacity and supply , it may also include choice of materials of construction, as well as the location, volume, purpose, hydraulic pressures , soil pressures , Wind and Earthquake design considerations etc… We conclude that our project work is based on the goal of constructing the best, economical and safest design of an rectangular clear water reservoir the design is done by limit state method. The analysis and design of rectangular clear water reservoir taking different load cases like Dead load, Live Load, Seismic load in to consideration. Keywords: Clear Water Reservoir, RCC Walls, Footings. Title: Design and Analysis of Clear Water Reservoir Author: K.SRINIVAS REDDY International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The development of urban growth has increased so phenomena that occurs in the environment related to water resources is increasing. Population growth every year growings to accompany urban growth, make to use of groundwater is increasing. The phenomenon that occurs is that the availability of land for the process is the infiltration of water into the soil decreases where hectarage that there was insufficient absorption of water into the ground, in addition to the absorption of water into the soil influence levels of permeability of the soil type on the local environment surrounding catchment. As a result of the amount of water infiltration into the soil that is not balance so the surface flow is greater that needs to be taken into account the capacity of the drainage channel that can accommodate the runoff water. To anticipate its happened so in this research of permeability of the water absorbing power for different types of soil to perform tests soil, so that can know the capacity of the drainage channel is needed. Calculation of rainfall can be substantial rainfall in one year amounted to 54.56 m3 / sec and pervasive only 5:37 m3 / sec or 9.84% .This shows that the type of soil around the various research areas of silt and clay so that the small pores that lead to runoff is greater. Under these conditions the necessary dimensions of the drainage channel that can accommodate runoff and combined with additional create folders reservoirs, recharge wells, pits and other biopori. So with rainfall there can be accommodated by a drainage channel. Keywords: Soil permeability, drainage. Title: Analysis of Characteristics Soil to Drainage Capacity Author: Acep Hidayat International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This study examines the challenges of urban infrastructures and problems emanating from societal restlessness, poverty, as well as sustainable development programme in a developing country like Nigeria, where the urban population is growing fast and consequently the urban infrastructures have to meet the needs of rapidly increasing users. These problems of inadequate infrastructural delivery and societal restlessness are more evident in the developing countries of the world like Nigeria, which include increased urban poverty, spreading societal restlessness, political crisis, increasing terrorism, growing insecurity and rising crime rates are the most serious problems confronting its cities, towns and its inhabitants. These problems have seriously challenged the capacity of government at all levels and residents in the country. In view of the findings, it was discovered that most of the identified problems responsible for low level of infrastructural development and societal restlessness have not been adequately addressed, which can be addressed through Sustainable Development programmes put in place, which offers societal peace and unity in a country. The recommendations called for some urban planning strategies for achieving sustainable urban development in the state in order to promote a peaceful co-existence of the people living and working in the country. Keywords: Infrastructure, Societal Restlessness, Developing Country, Sustainable development, Poverty. Title: Infrastructure and Societal Restlessness in a Developing Country (A Case of Nigeria) Author: Okosun, Senator Endurance, Ajisola, Thomas Kolawole, Omokhafe Christopher, Balogun Elizabeth, Ayo-Odifiri, Oisasoje Solomon International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The main objective of this project is to give a brief comparison between RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) and Steel Designs for Industrial & Commercial Structures. Generally we use RCC (or) Structural Steel for most of the Structures. The material selected (or) the design procedure opted will depend on various factors like Functional aspects, Compatibility, Load cases, Span, Economical aspects and other local conditions. In this Article, design and analysis aspects like Bending Moment, Axial Load etc., related to Industrial & Commercial Structures in RCC and Steel are presented. A comparison is made between these two cases and the most economical and safe one for the Industrial Structures as well as Commercial Structures is suggested here. In this Article, Industrial Structures having Ground floor with working Space 30.45m x 16.64m subjected to Crane Load and for Commercial Structures, Shopping Complex having Ground + 2 Upper Floors, 2 – Storied Office Building are analyzed in detail Keywords: Industrial Structures, Commercial Structures, Moments, Axial Load, RCC, Steel. Title: A Comparative Study between RCC and Steel Design for Industrial and Commercial Structures Author: M.SATYANARAYANA REDDY International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: In the current earth quake resisting code provisions for building structures, there remains a need for simple model that provide accurate estimate of response. The concept of lateral stiffness is reviewed, where a single value can be used to represent the stiffness of the storey in a rectangular frame with fixed base which is subjected to distribution of lateral load at stories. In this paper an approximate analysis is performed to examine the behaviour of various model of same reinforced concrete moment resisting frame, which differ in stories and column dimensions. The parameter discussed includes Fundamental natural time period, stiffness, lateral displacement and storey drift. The Analysis is carried out by both processes, Equivalent static analysis from which lateral displacement is found due to lateral load and Dynamic analysis (Response spectrum) from which natural time period, frequencies and mode shapes is found. This whole process is carried out by two adapted procedure that is by full structure analysis and lumped mass model by following the codal provisions of IS 1893 (2002). The two adapted results are then compared and analyzed using Spreadsheet and ETAB software. Keywords: Equivalent Static analysis, Response Spectrum, Lateral stiffness, Natural Time Period, Lateral displace-ment, Story Drift, approximate seismic analysis. Title: Approximate Seismic Analysis Procedure for Multibay RC Framed Structures Author: Syed Zubair Ahmed, Asst Prof. G S Deshmukh International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is known to be brittle and can easily crack under low levels of tensile force just like the ordinary concrete. This behavior of brittleness can be overcome by using randomly oriented short discrete fibers. This study investigates the influence of different sizes and dosages of polypropylene fibers, steel fibers and basalt fibers on the fresh properties (Slump flow,T500 time, V-funnel flow time, L-box passing ability which are used to measure the workability) and the hardened properties (compressive strength test, splitting tensile strength test) of Self-compacting concrete. Overall, the addition of fibers generally decreases the workability of the fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete (FRSCC) and doesn't significantly increase the compressive strength because of that fibers may affect the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ) between the aggregate and the paste, steel and Polypropylene fibers can produce voids inside the paste form while the basalt fiber will absorb the mixing water and hence reduce the compressive strength. Keywords: self-compacting concrete, fibers, fresh properties, hardened properties, compressive strength. Title: Effect of Fibers on the Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Author: Kamdem Kamgaing Cedric, Jili Qu, Zhongming Sun International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research ISSN 2348-7607 (Online) Research Publish Journals