Vol 6 Issue 2 October 2018-March 2019

Abstract: The aim of the present research work is to study the possibilities of replacing the part of coarse aggregate by palm kernel shells. Because of storing issues, the waste negatively affects the environment & creating solid waste issues. To solve this problem, an attempt was made to check the effectiveness of palm kernel shells as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate. Coarse aggregate was replaced up to 25% palm kernel shells and cement was replaced 10%(constant) by silica fume and  evaluating its fresh and hardened properties. The optimum gained after 7 and 28 days curing period was found to be 5% palm kernel shells +10% silica fume.

Keywords: Palm kernel shells, silica fume, compressive strength, split tensile strength.

Title: Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate by Palm Kernel Shells in Concrete

Author: KIRAN KUMAR M S, MANOHAR K, ARJUN B

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Traveling through Hargeisa-Berbera highway that is used by increased car populations without any traffic control systems comes with unprecedented number of accidents. This thesis proposal navigates into the nature of the road design and how risk it is in the management of highway safety. This highway is predominantly unsafe when it comes to road safety. Road traffic crashes are covered in the media as events—not as leading killer of people and an enormous drain on a country’s citizens but also a disruption of economic connectivity. A qualitative investigation involving in-depth interviews, participant observations, and experimentation and focus group discussions were the major methods of data collection. The main argument in this paper is that design of a highway using best practices could minimize the notorious highway fatalities to save more lives and accelerate and connect Hargeisa-Berbera road safety. It is also important to note that paving a highway by any standards does not guarantee reduction in the associated fatalities. Government must ensure all citizens (drivers, passengers and pedestrians or inhabitants living along the highway) are educated on highway safety to save more lives and property.

Keywords: Highway, design, road safety, Hargeisa and Berbera.

Title: THE NATURE OF ROAD DESIGN: RISKY TO MANAGING HARGEISA-BERBERA HIGHWAY SAFETY, SOMALILAND

Author: Eng. Mohammad Ahmad Yahia

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Various construction firms have used project management skills and techniques as a means of bridging the gap between failure and success in implementation of infrastructural projects. Despite this increased awareness of project management skills, infrastructural projects still fail. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of project management knowledge areas on infrastructural projects implementation in Nairobi City County. The study adopted descriptive research methods; its target population comprises of 150 professionals majorly engineers, construction managers and project managers in the Kenyan Construction Industry within Nairobi City County. Questionnaires were used as the primary data collection instruments, and a pilot study will be taken to pre-test the questionnaires for validity and reliability. The gathered data was analyzed using descriptive statistics aided by Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS), and findings will be presented on tables and charts. Multiple regression was done to establish the relationship between the dependent variable and independent variable. Analysis of variance was performed to develop the fitness of the model in predicting the implementation of an infrastructure project in Nairobi City County. From the study, it was found that project human resource management and project cost management to be significant in influencing the implementation of infrastructure projects in Nairobi City County. The study recommended establishing of clear and elaborate human resource plans and project cost management plans so as there is effective implementation of infrastructural projects in Nairobi City County to increase the likelihood of project success.

Keywords: Project Management, Project Human Resource Management, Project Time management, Project Cost Management, Project Risk Management.

Title: ROLE OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT KNOWLEDGE AREAS ON INFRASTRUCTURAL PROJECTS IMPLEMENTATION IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY

Author: Jeremiah Abednego Ekirapa, Dr. Muchelule Yusuf

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Many civil engineering structures constructed on problematic soils like soft soil, swelling soil etc. faces a risk of failure due to insufficient bearing capacity and excessive settlement. Soft soils are typically replaced by some strong materials like crushed rock, hard soils etc. or treated with other cementing material for better engineering properties. High cost and negative environmental effects of traditional stabilizers like lime and cement etc. and the problem of disposal management of agriculture industrial wastes require the investigation of the potential use of agriculture industrial waste in the stabilization of these problematic soils that replaces the use of the traditional stabilizer in a project partially or completely. In this paper one dimensional compressive behavior (UCS) of the soft soil stabilized with sugarcane bagasse ash, by-products of sugar mill activated by alkali activator (NaOH & Na2SiO3) has been presented by performing laboratory tests at various proportion of bagasse ash content (15%, 25%, 35% of total solid mass), concentration of alkali (8M, 10M & 12M) and activator/alkali ratio (0.25, 0.45 & 0.65) at different curing periods (7, 14, 28 & 56 days). Test results showed a high reactivity of alkali-activated binder promoting the strength development. UCS tests showed that maximum strength of 0.41 MPa is obtained for AB-25-12-0.25 mixture which is 1.78 times and 78.3% higher than raw soil at 7 days curing. Likewise 0.51 MPa for AB-25-12-0.25 mixture which is 1.89 times and 88.9%, 0.56 MPa for AB-25-12-0.45 mixture which is 1.93 times and 93.1% and 0.59 MPa for AB-25-10-0.65 mixture which is 1.97 times and 96.7% higher than raw soil at 14, 28 and 56 days curing respectively. The optimum bagasse ash content for soil stabilization is found to be 25% of total solids.

Keywords:  Soft soil, sugarcane bagasse ash, alkali activator, stabilization, UCS.

Title: Soft Soil Stabilization with Alkali Activated Sugarcane Bagasse Ash

Author: Jeevan Rana Magar, Dr. Indra Prasad Acharya

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: The study examined the functional use of fiber ash of irvinga gabonesis to improve the geotechnical characteristics of weak and unstable subgrade pavement of Iwofe, Chokocho, Ndoni, and Ogbele roads characterized with differential settlement, degradation and cracks that resulted from swelling and shrinkage due to seasonal variation of wet and dry. Preliminary investigation revealed the soils are dark grey in color (from wet to dry states), plasticity index of 31.10%, 24.55%, 31.05%, and 32.17%. The  soils has unsoaked CBR values of 7.35%, 7.75%, 8.15%,  and 7.85% and soaked CBR values of 6.35%, 6.23%, 7.05% and 5.55%, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values of 87.85kPa , 78.75kPa,  105.75kPa , and 85.35kPa and has classified the soils as poor and unfit for its applications for road constructional materials except modified. Results of stabilized state obtained signified decreased values of MDD and increased values of OMC, this implies the increased in fibre ash content decreases MDD and increases OMC compaction parameters of stabilized clay. Comparably, results indicated increased in CBR of altered soils with optimum mixed percentage ratios of 7.5% to soils. Results also indicated that at percentage ratio of 10% to soils and above, decreased in values were noticed as well as cracked presence. Comparative results of unconfined compressive strength showed increased values corresponding to percentage ratio of stabilizer inclusion. Results, when compared to unstabilized soils decreased in plastic index with fibre inclusion. Entire results showed potential use of fiber ash of irvinga gabones is as stabilizer.

Keywords: Clay soils, Irvinga Gabonesis Fibre, CBR, UCS, Consistency, Compaction.

Title: Stabilization of Deltaic Soft Clay Soils using Irvinga Gabonesis Fiber Ash as Stabilizer

Author: Charles Kennedy, Akpan Paul Paulinus, Letam Leelee Prince

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: The research examined the use of natural fibre bagasse ash (Costaceae Lacerus) and lime combinations in the alteration of expansive soils of unique characteristics of swelling, shrinkage and cracks. Stabilization with 2.5+2.5%, 5.0% + 5.0%, 7.5% + 7.5% and 10% + 10% (CLBFA + Lime) to lateritic soil ratio was deployed on failed road subgrade pavement. Preliminary investigations of the engineering Properties of soils at natural state are percentage (%) passing BS sieves #200 are 28.35%, 40.55%, 36.85%, 33.45% and 39.25% (laterite) and soils deposit belonged to the group A-2-6 SC and A-2-4 SM on the AASHTO classification schemes / Unified Soil Classification System. Swelling potential of treated soil decreased with the inclusion of CLBFA + Lime up to7.5% + 7.5%. Stabilized lateritic soils with additives decreased in plastic index properties with increased in additives inclusion percentages. Results showed that an increase in percentage ratio of combined stabilizers increases both MDD and OMC levels. CBR results showed and increased in values of both unsoaked and soaked with optimum level of inclusion at 7.5% + 7.5%., an adversed reduction was experienced beyond the peak giving way for cracks which led to failure. The entire results showed the potential of using CLBFA + Lime as admixtures in treatment of lateritic soils.

Keywords: Clay and lateritic soils, Costaceae Lacerus Bagasse Ash, CBR, UCS, Consistency, Compaction.

Title: Swelling Potential Reduction of Expansive Soils using Costaceae Lacerus Bagasse Fibre Ash and Lime

Author: Abidemi Olujide Ilori, Charles Kennedy, Gbinu Samuel Kabari

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: Majority of the roads within the Niger Delta regions of Nigeria constructed on black cotton soils and are prone to severe cracks, degradation and differential settlement that has led to constant rehabilitation seasonally. The soils fell below standard for its application as road constructional materials. The study experimented on the use of irvinga gabonesis fibre(Bush Mango)  to stabilized clay soils with percentage ratios of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1.0%. Preliminary investigations revealed the soils as A – 7 – 6 /CH on the AASHTO classification schemes / Unified Soil Classification System. The soils were dark grey in colors (from wet to dry states) with plastic index of 31.10%, 24.55%, 31.05%, and 32.17% respectively for Iwofe, Chokocho, Ndoni, and Ogbele Roads. The soils has unsoaked CBR values of 7.35%, 7.75%, 8.15%,  and 7.85% and soaked CBR values of 6.35%, 6.23%, 7.05% and 5.55%. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values of 87.85kPa, 78.75kPa, 105.75kPa and 85.35kPa. Results of compaction test determination showed decreased in MDD values while OMC values increased, both parameters adhered to corresponding percentage increase ratios. Comparably, results indicated increased in CBR altered soils with optimum mixed percentage ratios of 0.7% to soils. Similarly, results of UCS stabilized soils increased with percentages ratio variations. Results showed low values of plastic index with corresponding percentage increased ratios. Entire results showed the potential use of irvinga gabonesis fibre for expansive soils treatment.

Keywords: Clay soils, Irvinga Gabonesis Fibre, CBR, UCS, Consistency, Compaction.

Title: Problematic Clay Soils Modification Using Bush mango Fibre as Stabilizer

Author: Charles Kennedy, Gbinu Samuel Kabari, Letam Leelee Prince

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: The study explored the effective use of composite soil stabilizers of irvinga gabonesis fibre + lime in combined action  to improve the performance of problematic soils with swelling and shrinkage potentials and make trivial soils meet required standard of subgrade road pavement materials. Preliminary investigation results grouped the sampled lateritic soils at 100% natural state as A-2-6 SC and A-2-4 SM on the AASHTO classification schemes / Unified Soil Classification System and percentage (%) passing BS sieves #200, 28.35%, 40.55 %, 36.85%, 33.45% and 39.25%. Remarks on soil is poor and need to stabilize the soils paramount. Consistency limits (plastic index) of the soils at 100% natural state are 17.30%, 14.23%, 15.20%, 15.50% and 16.10%. Comparatively, stabilized soils compaction results showed corresponding increased values to percentage ratios of both MDD and OMC of stabilized soils.  CBR Results showed increased in stabilized samples with optimum percentage ratios of 0.75 + 7.5% to soil. Beyond maximum ratio, cracks were noticed. Results obtained showed increased in UCS values corresponding to additives percentage. Results showed decreased in plastic index to corresponding percentage ratio of additives. Swelling potential of treated soil decreased with the inclusion of fibre + lime up to 0.75% +7.5% for lateritic soils.   The entire results showed the potential of using irvinga gabonesis fibre + lime as admixtures in treated soils.

Keywords: Lateritic soils, Irvinga Gabonesis Fibre, Lime, CBR, UCS, Consistency, Compaction.

Title: Performance Characteristics of Stabilized Soils using Irvinga Gabonesis Fibre and Lime as Stabilizer

Author: Akpan Paul Paulinus, Letam Leelee Prince, Charles Kennedy

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: The study observed the application of waste extracted bagasse fibre ash of costaceae lacerus blended with lime to improve the engineering geotechnical properties of an expansive soil subgrade for road pavement materials. Preliminary investigations proved the sampled soils poor and fell below the minimum requirement for such application. The soils are classified as A-7-6 of American Association of State and Transport Officials (AASHTO) soil classification system with plastic index properties of 20.33%, 20.35%, 21.85%, 26.30%, and 21.35% respectively of sampled roads. Compaction test results obtained showed increased values in both maximum dry density and optimum moisture content relatively to ratio percentage additives. Comparatively, stabilized clay soils California bearing ratio increased with increase in additives inclusion with optimum mix proportion of 7.5% + 7.5%. Cracks occurred beyond optimum mixed level. Unconfined compressive strength test results increased with varying additive percentages. Costaceae lacerus bagasse fibre ash and lime proved to be good composite materials combination in soil stabilization.

Keywords: Clay soils, costaceae lacerus bagasse ash, Lime CBR, UCS, Consistency, Compaction.

Title: Improvement of Expansive Soils with Blended Composite Materials as Stabilizers

Author: Terence Temilade Tam Wokoma, Charles Kennedy, Tobi Derebebeapade Stanisslous

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: The main aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of use of organic (natural) fibers in cement. The natural fibers selected in this paper are human hair, jute and palm fibers. The percentage of fibers added is 2% with respect to weight of cement.  The casted blocks are tested for its compressive strength, water absorption and density. The test results are compare with the conventional cement blocks casted under same conditions. It is found that cement blocks with jute fibers and hair fibers have more compressive strength than the conventional cement block. The cement block with palm fibers failed to give any compressive strength because of its bond strength with cement is weak.

Keywords: Cement, Human hair, Jute fibers and Palm fibers.

Title: Preliminary Studies on the Effect of Natural Organic Fibers on Cement

Author: Shifana Fatima Kaafil, Shamim Shaukat Khan

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: The vulnerability of unreinforced masonry walls (UMW) to seismic forces led to the use of horizontal reinforcement to improve the performance of the masonry walls and to increase (as thought) the resistance of the walls to horizontal forces. There is no doubt that the use of horizontal reinforcement enhances the post crack performance of the walls, but there has been a debate of whether the use of horizontal reinforcement increases or does not affect the overall shear resistance of the masonry walls. An experimental program was designed to examine the effect of horizontal reinforcement in bond beams and its distribution on the shear resistance of the walls. The results showed that the use of reinforcing rebars in bond beams had no significant effect on the maximum shear resistance of the walls. Also, distributing the same area of reinforcement over the height of the walls did not affect the maximum resistance of the walls but affected the crack pattern. Statistical analysis methods were used to verify the obtained results.

Keywords: Shear resistance, masonry, bond beams.

Title: Experimental Study on the Effect of Horizontal Reinforcement on the Shear Strength of Concrete Masonry Walls

Author: Ahmed Faisal Oan, Nigel Shrive

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: The earthquake resistant design of structures as indicated by the existing design philosophy aims to guarantee that amid their lifetime, the structures resist the extreme possible tremor without collapse. This philosophy disregards the fact that for the allowable damage towards the end of the design life, it is important to represent the seismicity of the area in an extensive way i.e., in terms of magnitude with appropriate spatial distributions around the site. Interest for structural masonry has expanded essentially in recent years. Therefore, further advanced codes of practice for the design of structures in masonry have been presented in numerous countries. The threat of seismic tremors have underlined the requirement for wide monitoring and safety assessment of architectonical heritage. The research work is on examining the seismic vulnerability of a particular monumental masonry building: RANI MAHAL, at Islam Nagar in Bhopal, M.P (India). The seismic behavior is assessed by the equivalent static analysis, as indicated by IS 1893:2002(PART-1). Design of base shear for the palace with the data available after visual inspection of the palace determines the seismic strength/shortcoming of this sort of building to endure broad harm under earthquakes. The need of examining the structural behavior can further permit the identification of an appropriate retrofitting procedure if any harm is caused to the building by seismic tremors during its lifetime.

Keywords:  Old Masonry Structures, Earthquake damages, Seismic design, Base shear, IS code provisions.

Title: SEISMIC DESIGN EVALUATION OF EXISTING UNREINFORCED MASONRY STRUCTURES USING IS CODE RECOMMENDATIONS

Author: Rashmi Sakalle, Nitin Tiwari, Asra Amin Shah

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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Abstract: This paper presents the experimental investigations of concrete specimens reinforced with Glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) reinforcements and quarry dust to improve the properties of concrete specimen. GFRP bars were used to reinforce the concrete columns instead of conventional rebars and that are experimentally investigated under axial compression to assess structural behavior of concrete. Four sets of column specimens of cross section 100 mm X 100 mm of length 600 mm were cast and tested under axial loading. Load-deformation characteristics of the specimens were plotted and energy absorption capacity, stiffness and ductility factor were calculated. The experimental results show that the column with GFRP reinforcement and quarry dust increases the strength properties of the column specimen. An analytical model has been developed using ANSYS 16 software in order predict the load deformation behavior of all specimens. The analytical results have been validated with the experimental results. It was found that the column with quarry dust and GFRP reinforcements shows better performance in all aspects. The investigation suggests that GFRP rebars as the best alternative to steel rebars in compression members. 

Keywords:  GFRC bars, Quarry Dust, columns, axial compression, ANSYS 16.

Title: Behavior of RC Short Columns with Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Quarry Dust Using GFRP Reinforcement

Author: Kalaivani.M, Vennila.G, Ramesh.S, Angu Senthil.K

International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research  

ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)

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