Vol 3 Issue 1 January 2015-March 2015

Abstract: In An mobile ad hoc network must operate independent of pre established or centralized network management Infrastructure, while still providing administrative services needed to support applications. Address allocation, name resolution, service location, authentication, and access control policies represent just some of the functionality that must be supported - without pre configuration or centralized services in this paper spontaneous wireless ad hoc network creation no need of any infrastructure no need of any administrator for handling the services. No need of any external support for handling functionalities of network. All the services are provided without fixed infrastructure whoever is present in the network. This protocol allows sharing of resources and services among users in secure environment. In human communication model, two people those are physically closed to each other can talk directly without any server. In spontaneous network there is no server or any infrastructure between nodes to communicate, anybody those who wants to communicate can join, communicate and leave the network without any central server. It is based on peer to peer network. In this paper, we study all work to be done on spontaneous network and various security mechanisms to be provided.

Keywords: Spontaneous networks, wireless network, secure protocol, IDC, MANET.

Title: Enhance Security for Spontaneous Wireless Ad Hoc Network Creation

Author: Kiran Shinde, Prof. Harjeet Kaur, Prof. Sharad Wagh

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: Security cameras become more widespread each day. These are monitored via image processing techniques. Image processing techniques yield better results if the distance of an object is known. This study develops an algorithm to identify the distance and size of an object and, in this respect, empirical studies were conducted. Images obtained from two security cameras were processed and the distance and size of the object was measured.

Keyword: Image Processing, Alarm systems, Security.

Title: Real-Time Security Application to Identify the Distance and Size of an Object with CCD Camera

Author: Hasan Riza OZCALIK, Saban YILMAZ, Emre ERKAN, Erdal KILIÇ

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: The use of embedded technology has been implemented in traffic light control, as per the traffic light control whenever ambulance reached to traffic road, it has to wait for the clearance of traffic, for clearing traffic it takes a several minutes. If the case patient will not get treatment in proper time to reduce this hazard, By making use of IoT scenario, It is possible to clear the traffic by sending message to the signal board hence ambulance can reach hospital without delay in time and without wasting time for the clearance of traffic load, By making use of Embedded and IoT we can develop a model to clear the traffic while ambulance coming in the path.

Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), Intelligent Ambulance, Traffic control management, Global positioning system (GPS).

Title: An Approach to Make Way for Intelligent Ambulance Using IoT

Author: Venkatesh H, Shrivatsa D Perur, Jagadish M C

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: This paper presents the comparison on Image based distance estimation methods for machine/robot vision used in Robot applications. Robot vision is the heart of Robot applications & Distance measurement is one of the advantageous tasks taken from machine/robot in several automated works. There are various methods of Target distance estimation but White Line tracing algorithm is the modern distance estimating approach introduced for “Robotic basketball player”. Here this paper compares pros& cones of White line tracing algorithm and Laser Beam Pixel Area based new approach. This latest methodology is fast, accurate and easy to set up, with this tactic possible future refinements are also discussed.

Keywords: Camera, Green laser pointer, Image programming, robot vision.

Title: A Comparison On Image Based Distance Estimation Techniques, For Robot Vision Using Single Video Capturing device

Author: Ms. Neha shukla, Dr. Anurag Trivedi

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: This paper discusses the design and implementation of home automation system using microcontroller ARM mbed- FRDM KL25Z and WI-FI module. The main aim of this project is to control our home appliances like tube lights, fans locally using android app. This system includes microcontroller FRDM KL25Z, WI-FI module, opto-coupler and triac circuit for varying intensity of bulb/speed of fan, relay module for switching on and off and an android app for controlling these appliances wirelessly.

Keywords:  ARM mbed- FRDM KL25Z, WI-FI module- Wi-04, TRIAC BT-136, Opto-coupler MOC-3041, Opto-isolated relay module.

Title: Smart Home System Using Wireless Module

Author:  Varun Dange, Nilima Zade, Anurag Kotangale, Rahul Chauhan, Sanket Ramane

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: New paradigm describes about the sufficient benefits of electronic control systems over traditional systems with network architecture on a central processor and it describes about preventing the accidents that are caused by driver errors, to implement it a suitable standardized protocol, CAN, is briefly explained. A major task is to find a way to make it possible to use standardized network modules from different distributers in a network specially designed for a specific vehicle or for an implementing platform. A solution to this problem is to designing a formal set of rules of "CAN Environment" and the basics for this are presented. This alerting system consists of the coordinatingand display of data which are not dependent of each other and remotely executed. The data collection module receives data through CAN wire, and the data display module GLCD display these data via GUI designed by Embedded in ARM7 processor. Temperature sensor and different IR based sensors are used as data collection faculty and GLCD, motor and buzzer is used as output faculty. The CAN protocol is briefly presented and its current and future scopes in automobile industries are discussed.

Keyword:  CAN-Controlled Area Network, GUI-Graphic user interface, GLCD-Graphical Liquid crystal display.

Title: Driver Alerting System Using CAN Protocol

Author: Venkatesh H, Rajashri Y Manakwad

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: The demand for power-sensitive design has grown significantly in recent years due to tremendous growth in portable applications. Consequently, the need for power efficient design techniques has grown considerably. Several efficient design techniques have been proposed to reduce both dynamic as well as static power in state-of-the-art VLSI circuit applications. With the scaling of technology and the need for higher performance and more functionality, power dissipation is becoming a major bottleneck for microprocessor designs. Clock power is significant in high-performance processors. Clock gating is very useful for reducing the power consumed by digital systems. Three gating methods are known. The most popular is synthesis-based, data-driven method and auto-gated FFs (AGFF).This paper presents a novel method called Look-Ahead Clock Gating (LACG), which combines all the three. Along with technology scaling down and higher operating speeds of CMOS VLSI circuits, the leakage power is getting enhanced. The low leakage FFs are designed using sleep transistors and simulated in tanner design environment using 90 nm and 45n technology files.

Keywords:  Clock gating, Static power, Leakage power, Sleep transistors.

Title: Enhanced Auto-Gated Flip-Flop Using Clock Gating Technique with Sleep Transistor

Author: M.Saranya, P.Muthukumaran

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: The paper proposes a new approach for detecting alive human beings in devastating environments using a low cost autonomous robot. The proposed alive human body detection system uses a specific set of sensors that gives information about the presence of an alive human body and a low quality camera to acquire a video of scene of the environment. Having detected an obstacle or alive human body, the set of sensors trigger the camera to show live scene. The video is then displayed on a PC or a laptop at base station and processed at MATLAB for further analysis. The alive human detection system proposed in this paper is highly reliable as it is using a set of sensors for detection. The data and information required to be acquired and processed for rescue operation are less. So, it is very cost effective and faster to be applied in real-time operating environment.

Keywords:  autonomous robot, Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor, Infrared (IR) sensor, relays and motors.

Title: Alive Human Body Detection and Rescue Operation

Author: Abhishek Nigam, Nishant Addenki, Girish Juwatkar, Rajesh Toraskar

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: Present version of Electric bicycle available in market is not self charging and this bicycle suffers with more weight. Such bikes used for short distance. The term “SOLAIR” (Self charging electric bicycle) is used to describe "electric-motor-powered bicycles," including both fully and partially motor-powered bicycles. This project is consist six separate parts: The Battery, Dynamo as a wind generator, the BLDC motor, controller, charging system and solar panel.  Use of simplified Mechanical design and less weighted dry cell batteries to overcome the above problems. Wind-solar combination is used for self charging. Due to that bicycle become smart and speed is increased. Charging time required for battery of this bicycle is less and discharging time is more. Some components such as motor, controller, battery, governor were installed in common bicycle, it is called electric bicycle. The speed of electric bicycle is controlled by controller, which ensure the electric bicycle safety and it is also the core component. Accomplished function of capacity detection, under-voltage protection and so on, because of PIC16F72 was taken as the main control chip, make modern electric bicycle increasingly more tend to be intelligent. The driving force of traditional electric bicycle completely come from motor, it not only reduce battery life greatly but also waste more electricity energy. The design is very efficient, cost-effective, and one day mass-manufactured, especially in developing countries where automotive transportation is an impossible. Here, the self charging electric bicycle market would benefit from further research both on the battery and on the drive technology and their use with electric bicycles. A self charging electric bicycle based on a brushless dc motor drive which has high efficiency, zero pollution, clean and convenient, is then designed and implemented in this project.

Keywords: Self Charging, Zero Pollution, Wind -Solar Combination, Electric Bicycle, BLDC motor.

Title: SOLAIR (Self Charging Electric Bicycle)

Author: Kuldip Pawar, Rohit Pawar, Darshan Muttha, Manoj Yawale, Prof. Mohit Kumar Shakya

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: This paper focus on presenting the design of a fusion of CUK and Sepic converters for the hybrid model of solar and wind. Due to depletion of fossil fuels and global warming the energy production is reduced to a large extend. There exist the necessities to depend on the renewable sources of energy for power generation. But the output from these systems will be low.  A tracking system must be reliable and able to follow the sun and wind with a certain degree of accuracy MPPT methods can be implemented in order to track maximum power and thus solar and wind energy can be utilized in an efficient manner. MATLAB/SIMULINK were employed for simulation studies. Hardware model of Cuk converter has been done.

Keywords: Maximum power point tracking (MPPT).

Title: Design and Implementation of a Converter for Hybrid Energy Systems

Author: Shilpa Murali, Dr. K Jamuna

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: In the modern era for greater efficiency automation is essential for increased productivity, improved quality, reduction process inventory and increased safety of working personal etc. A product that is highly reliable quality yet cost effective only services in the competitive today. Automation takes part in every manufacturing, controlling process and testing of equipment. Now a day’s contactors are useful in commercial and industrial applications, particularly for controlling large lighting loads and motors. Hence testing of contactor is prime important. The main aim of our project is to test contactor parameters using programmable logic controller. We are performing flashing and coil continuity test, coil holding test, pole continuity test, pick up time test and drop off time test. It tests the product automatically & displays result as either PASS or FAIL. In our project the whole system is carried out automatically and manually with the help of plc. Further due to benefits of automation data recording facilities can be also provided with test bench so that it will be easy to check for rejected product fault. In conclusion Plc. Contactor testing has advantages over manual testing of contactor.

Keywords: Automation, PLC, Contactor, Pneumatic Piston, Solenoid Valve, Limit Switch, Compressor.

Title: Contactor Testing By Using PLC

Author: Rohit Kamble, Anand Ratnaparkhi, Sagar Kanherkar, Yogesh Wagh

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: This paper represents optimization of power management system (PSM) for standalone micro-grid with hybrid power generation. We are going to generate hybrid power by using photovoltaic model and small wind mill. The output hybrid power is not constant and continuous therefore if in case of generation is less than load demand then by managing loads by using micro-controller. If hybrid power is reduced and micro-controller is not present then there is stress on micro-grid. Therefore there will be possibility of system failure to avoid this we are managing loads by using micro-controller. Here by managing loads we have done optimized use of generated energy. Therefore efficiency of the system increases. Renewable energy is the future of energy sector for that its management is useful in future.

Keywords: Photovoltaic Model, Windmill, Micro-grid, Microcontroller, Hybrid Power.

Title: Hybrid Power Management Using Micro-Controller

Author: Kedar Pilaji, Akshay Deshpande, Atul Yadav

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: The Conventional Agricultural Systems have been around for decades, but the main problem with them is their manual operation. This results into excessive mental stress on the part of motor operator, pertaining to constant observation. Also the conventional system lacks protection mechanism from single phasing, overheating, dry run, & can sometimes lead to excessive water wastage. Thus there was a need to develop the water pumping system which would free the user from constant observation & safeguard the motor from single phasing, dry run, overheating, & to reduce water wastage. This project primarily focuses on creation of smart agricultural water pumping system which is free from above mentioned drawbacks of conventional system firstly, we surveyed the problems faced by farmers .Then we brainstormed the possible solution to the problems. Then we reached to the conclusion of using water level sensor WS-30, moisture sensor MS-16, thermistor to understand the environmental variables and then using a micro controller to control the motor. And this whole system was to be controlled remotely using GSM and DTMF technology. A prototype of system has been created and it is observed to be working with little or no interference from the user. The operation is hassle free and completely automatic. In conclusion, this smart design will make the water pumping system used in farms more efficient with safe and hassle free operation of the motor.

Keywords: Motor, Sensor, Water Pump, Smart Agricultural System, DTMF, Micro-controller.

Title: Automatic Agricultural System

Author:  Pravin Shendge, Trupti Pasalkar, Pankaj Patil

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: This Project describes how soft-switching technique using zero voltage switching (ZVS) Resonanant converter provides power lossless switching transitions in Dc-to-Dc energy conversion systems. Also it ensures reduced EMI at transitions, avoids high peak currents, better efficiency with high voltage at any frequency. Therefore, it largely reduces the power losses of the converter. Zero voltage switching can best be defined as conventional square wave power conversion during the switch’s on-time with resonant switching transitions. A closed loop series parallel resonant converter with LCL-T configuration has been simulated. The PID controller has been used for closed loop operation ana the performance of proposed converter has been estimated from the open loop to the closed loop resonant converter system. The Mathematical model using MATLAB. The performance of the converter has been found to be better when the PID controller has been considered. The harmonic spectrum and steady state error for various load condition have been obtained to validate the role of controllers. The proposed analysis of simulation results are carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK model.

Keywords: Zero Voltage Switching, Resonant converter, Closed Loop with PID Controller, Electromagnetic Interference (EMI).

Title: A Modified Loaded Resonant Converter for Renewable Energy Conversions

Author: M. Ilamathi, G. Mohanram, S. Vanitha

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: Image compression plays vital role in many important and adverse applications including tele video conferencing, remote sensing, and document, medical and facsimile transmission. The need for an efficient technique for compression of images ever increasing because the raw images need large amounts of disk space seems to be a big disadvantage for channel efficiency during transmission and storage. Nowadays there are so many compression techniques already available- a better technique which is faster, memory efficient and simple surely suits the requirements of the user. In this paper the spatial redundancy method of image compression using a simple transform technique called Discrete Cosine Transform is proposed with Huffman coding. So this hybrid technique is simple in implementation and utilizes less memory and required less execution time. A software algorithm has been developed and implemented to compress the medical image using Discrete Cosine Transform technique in a MATLAB platform. The proposed algorithm works on different coefficients (10,15,20,30,40,50,60,61,62,63 and 64) values individually. After compression for each coefficient value we have calculated the CR (compression ratio) and PSNR (peak signal to noise ratio) and optimum results are obtained. The analysis of results obtain has been carried out with the help of CR and PSNR.

Keywords: Image compression, DCT, IDCT, DCT2, IDCT2, CR, PSNR, Redundancy.

Title: Medical Image Compression Using Two Dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform

Author: Vivek Arya, Dr. Priti Singh, Karamjit Sekhon

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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