Vol 6 Issue 1 January 2018-March 2018

Abstract: The study was aimed at investigating the potentials of mixed and axenic microbial fuel cells for electricity generation. The study was carried out within a period of six months. 500 mls of domestic kitchen waste water was collected from various locations in Calabar Metropolis, into tightly corked plastic containers and transported to the laboratory for analysis. Microbial fuel cell was designed using plastic containers, graphite electrodes, salt bridge and domestic waste water. Microoganisms from the domestic waste water were identified using standard microbiological techniques. Results from the study showed that a higher mean voltage (1.58v)  was recorded by microbial fuel cells with mixed consortium ( stacked waste water microbial fuel cell ), as compared to that obtained from microbial fuel cell with axenic culture. Among the bacteria cells identified from the waste water, Salmonella had the highest voltage production (0.68v) as compared to other isolates. The comparative analysis of voltage density of the fuel cells showed that the stacked waste water microbial fuel cells had the highest voltage density (0.072v/m²) compared to others. However, this study has shown that microbial fuel cell technology could serve as a new core technology for conversion of waste to electricity in future.

Keywords: axenic microbial fuel cells, microbiological techniques, domestic waste water.

Title: Potentials of Mixed and Axenic Microbial Fuel Cells for Electricity Generation

Author: Chisomaga Nwosu, Sylvester Peter Antai, Dominic Reuben Tiku

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research  

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: Wireless sensor network (WSN) combines the concept of wireless network with sensors. Wireless Sensor Networks have been proposed for a multitude of location-dependent applications. Localization (location estimation) capability is essential in most wireless sensor network applications. In environmental monitoring applications such as animal habitat monitoring, bush fire surveillance, water quality monitoring and precision agriculture, the measurement data are meaningless without an accurate knowledge of the location from where the data are obtained. Finding position without the aid of GPS in each node of an ad hoc network is important in cases where GPS is either not accessible, or not practical to use due to power, form factor or line of sight conditions. So here we are going to used DV-Hop algorithm, i.e. distance vector routing algorithm for finding the position of sensor. Here we summarizes the performance evaluation criteria of the wireless sensor network and algorithms, classification methods, and highlights the principles and characteristics of the algorithm and system representative of the field in recent years, and several algorithms simulation and analysis.

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network, Localization, DV-Hop, Range-based Algorithms, Range-free Algorithms.

Title: Range Free Localization using Expected Hop Progress in Wireless Sensor Network

Author: Manoj Shivadas Pawale, Prof. Bhosale S.D., Prof. Suryawanshi P.T.

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research  

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: The study was aimed at evaluating the potentials of microbial fuel cells for energy production. The study was carried out within a period of six months. 500mls of domestic kitchen waste water was collected from various locations in Calabar Metropolis, into tightly corked plastic containers and transported to the laboratory for analysis. Microbial fuel cells was designed using plastic containers, graphite electrodes, salt bridge and domestic waste water. Microorganisms from the domestic waste water were identified using standard microbiological techniques. Results from the study showed that a higher mean voltage (1.58v) was recorded by stacked waste water microbial fuel cells (Stacked WWMFC) compared to unstacked waste water microbial fuel cells (WWMFC1 and WWMFC2) that had a mean voltage of 0.50 and 0.59v respectivelyafter 10 days. Microbial cells from the domestic waste water samples were identified as Shigella, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella, Bacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus faecalis,Staphylococcus, and Escherichia coli. Among the identified isolates, Salmonella (NA3) had the highest (0.68v) voltage production compared to other isolates. The comparative analysis of voltage density among the fuel cells of both the mixed culture and axenic cultures showed that the stacked microbial fuel cells (stacked WWMFC) had the highest voltage density (0.072) compared to others. However, this study has shown that microbial fuel cells are evolving to become a simpler and more robust technology. Provided the biological understanding increases,the electrochemical technology advances and electrode price decreases, the technology could serve as anew core technology for conversion of waste to electricity in the future.

Keywords: microbial fuel cells, plastic containers, graphite electrodes, energy production.

Title: Potential of Microbial Fuel Cells for Energy Production

Author: Nwosu Chisomaga, Sylvester Peter Antai, Dominic Reuben Tiku

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research  

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: This paper proposes an adaptive robust control strategy for voltage source dc/ac converter interfaced with the grid for harnessing renewable energy using discrete sliding mode control (DSMC). In the proposed method, the Euler’s first order approximation method is used for obtaining the discrete plant model. This model retains matched uncertainties to matched uncertainties. The proposed approach uses adaptive control to get fast convergence without overshoot. The explicit adaptive nature of the control law ensures lower control energy. The power quality is improved with a smaller total harmonic distortion. The proposed method rejects the system disturbances and uncertainties. Use of stationary reference frame avoids the rotating co-ordinate transformation and the angular information of grid voltage or virtual flux is not required. Extra current loops are not needed which leads to simple design. Further, the performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with the conventional look up table (LUT), DPC method and the superiority of the proposed controller is exhibited.

Keywords: Discrete sliding mode control, direct real and reactive power regulation, dc to ac converters, renewable energy applications.

Title: Adaptive Robust Control of DC/AC Converter for Renewable Energy Applications Using Discrete Sliding Mode

Author: U. M. Mate, V. N. Pande, Shailaja Kurode

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research  

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: Recently there are number of vehicles are increasing on the road as there is automobile industry is developing over these years. Along with this growth in number of vehicles also there is increment in number of accidents. Actual studies show, that 40% of all accidents occur at night although the part of drives during at night represent only 20% of all drives [5]. Mostly accidents on roads are occurs at night time. Major road accidents occur at night on curve roads and due to glare occurred from the headlights of incoming vehicles. The conventional headlight systems of automobiles do not provide illumination in the proper direction on curve roads and also there is need to operate manually by driver. So there is need of appropriate headlight system for safety drive. This work focuses on the design and working of automatically operated headlight system s “Machine Vision Based Diagnostic and Smart Front Lighted Automotive Intelligence” to safety driving at night for automobiles. The main purpose of this system is to present a cost effective technique to detect headlights of incoming vehicles and according to that adjust the low beam or high beam of related vehicle.

Keywords: Conventional headlight system, headlights, low beam and high beam, curved road.

Title: Machine Vision Based Diagnostic and Smart Front Lighted Automotive Intelligence

Author: Miss. Ashvini V. Koli

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research  

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: The current regulation loop presented here controls squib drivers that are used to inflate multiple airbags in cars. Conventional approach uses an integrated poly resistor or sense transistor based current sensing, depending on the current range. In this paper, a current regulating High Side Driver (HSD) using an Aluminium metal sense resistor is proposed. This approach of using a metal resistor is new and is fabricated in a 40V, BiCMOS process. HSD is activated for 0.5ms and the current is regulated to 2A from a 33V supply. Regulation is within +/-10% variation despite 400ºC rise on the junction temperature of the power transistor. This design incorporates a new technique to provide an on-chip free-wheeling path due to inductive flyback when the HSD turns OFF, avoiding external Schottky diodes. This approach could be widely used for all current limitation circuits.

Keywords: Current sense, squib driver, LDMOS (Laterally Diffused MOS), metal resistor, self-heating, flyback.

Title: 2A Current Regulation Loop With a Metal Sense Resistor

Author: Sri Navaneeth Easwaran, Sunil Kashyap Venugopal, Deepak Sreedharan, Samir Camdzic, Robert Weigel

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research  

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: Wind turbines framework is generally utilized for renewable power generation. The support expenses of wind turbines constitute a huge part of the aggregate cost of the produced power. Therefore health monitoring and fault diagnosis system for wind turbine is necessary. This paper proposes a current based health monitoring and fault diagnosis system for wind turbine by using signal generated from wind turbine. In proposed system we used current-signal from wind turbine generator for fault analysis. We used ADC for analog to digital conversion, which is important for signal processing. After analog to digital conversion we used power spectrum density method and peak detection for fault analysis.

Keywords: Fault detection, Health monitoring, wind turbine, Signal processing.

Title: Current Based Health Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis System for Wind Turbine

Author: Miss. Jyoti K. Shinde, Dr. U.L. Bombale

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research  

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: Drying is probably one of the most oldest, popular and common fruit preservation technique. Drying preserves foods by removing enough moisture contain from food and reduces microbiological activity and minimizes physical and chemical changes during storage to prevent it from spoilage.  Fruits are dried to extend storage life and reduce transport weight. The use of microwaves in drying has been growing in recent years. In recent research on microwave drying have some limitations like excessive heating at the edges and corners of the product.  It causes to scorching problem, due to this problem fruit becomes off-flavor. To reduce the energy wastage and operational cost new dimensions came up in drying techniques. The advantages of MW combination drying techniques include shorter drying times, improved product quality and Flexibility in producing a wide variety of dried products. The microwave drying increases the nutritional value, color, and original flavor and puffing.

Keywords: Microwave drying, Energy saving, conventional heating, moisture content.

Title: Microwave System for Fruit Drying

Author: Rohini K Parit, Dr. Uttam L. Bombale

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research  

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

Research Publish Journals