Vol 3 Issue 2 April 2015-June 2015

Abstract: The requirement of electricity in India is increasing at a high rate. Severe energy crisis has forced the world to develop new and alternative methods such as the use of advanced power electronic systems. Therefore most of the utilities utilizes sufficient electricity and transmit the additional power to grid. One of the methods proposed is solar photovoltaic integrated with the battery storage. Here, solar photovoltaic are integrated with battery using a three level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) Inverter. A three level Neutral Point Clamped Inverter is integrated using two new configurations or techniques-New Configuration i.e., Space Vector Modulation Technique, which generates balanced capacitor voltage under unbalanced DC voltage. Design and theoretical framework of the modulation technique has been proposed. A new control algorithm has been introduced in order to control the power delivery between the solar PV, battery, grid which uses Maximum PowerPoint Tracking (MPPT) technique.

Keywords:  Photovoltaic, MPPT, SVPWM, Three levels NPC Inverter.

Title: Design and Development of Prototype Three Level NPC Inverter for Industrial Application

Author: Sowmya R, Shruthi .M

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: The main aim of this project is to develop the PC Based Oscilloscope with the Arduino interfaced with PC or Laptop. In this project we use an Arduino board (Duemilanove) which is used to capture multiple input values and pass them via USB serial port to a PC or Laptop that takes the values, decode it and display them on the screen. In many applications we observe that the certain voltage waveform in a circuit plays a crucial role in understanding the operation of circuit. Several measurement instruments are used like voltmeter, ammeter or the oscilloscope. An oscilloscope (sometimes called scope) is a voltage sensing instrument which is used for displaying, analyzing electrical signals and to visualize certain voltage waveforms. An oscilloscope has a screen to display a signal trace that is offset in the X and Y axis by measurements taken from two different inputs. Now a days PC based measurements have become more affordable and easy to use, thus opening the door for “virtual instrumentation”. This paper describes about developing a PC based oscilloscope. IN this project we use a Arduino which is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible easy to use hardware and software and this environment makes it easy to write code and upload it to the I/O board.

Keywords: PC Based Oscilloscope, PC or Laptop.

Title: Designing a PC Based Oscilloscope Using Arduino

Author: Shaksham garg, Sakshi Sharma, Shivangi Chauhan, Shashank Sharma, Monika Kathuria

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: The clos networks are the class of multistage switching network topologies that provide alternate paths between inputs and outputs. It is one of the known connection networks in processing system and distributed Systems, which are extensively used  in many fields such as telecommunication networks, ATM switches and data transmission. One of the key challenges in designing a clos network switch for a high speed environment is designing the architecture switch module and arbitration algorithms so as to provide   wide range of traffic patterns and resolve contention between the stages of the switches in clos network. So efficient various routing algorithms and different techniques are proposed to solve problem which occur in clos network and also to achieve guaranteed throughput, latency, bandwidth, power and area parameters. In this paper, different techniques and routing algorithms for a clos permutation network are reviewed.

Keywords: Multistage interconnection networks (MINs), clos Network , parallel routing,   rearrangeable ,non-blocking, Blocking, permutation network, Clos network on chip (CNOC), Buffer less clos network (BLOCON), Network-on-chip (NOC).

Title: Review of On-Chip Network Topology for Clos Permutation Network

Author: Umadevi R., Sandhya Rani M.H., B.N. Shobha

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research  

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: This paper presents the idea of using PLC and SCADA in industrial automation. The use of PLC is a major factor to create a move towards operations affected by less noise and other aspects of improving efficiency in industry. The drawback of current industry automation and the need for new design principles is to take advantage of these technologies such as PLC and SCADA. The goal of this paper is to find out whether PLC   and SCADA render any significant benefits to industry automation improvements and how these benefits reflect to higher standards. In this paper a prototype system has been designed to automate the mixture of chemicals with the aim of optimizing the efficiency, precision and consistency of the mix. The PLC is the main controlling body and the dc motor controls the conveyor belt.  To accomplish this system, dc motor, solenoid valves and position sensors are used. SCADA software is used for monitoring the process and for data acquisition.

Keywords: PLC, Conveyor Assembly.

Title: Optimized Preparations of Chemical Mixtures Using PLC and SCADA

Author: Satyen Naik, Joshua Dias, Josivo D’ Costa, Jubilio Martin, Brenner D’ Costa

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to improvement the power quality on low voltage distribution side and also This paper describes the effectiveness of using dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) . Dynamic Voltage Restorer can provide the most cost effective solution to mitigate voltage sags and swells by establishing the proper voltage quality level that is required by customer. This device is connected in series with the distribution feeder at medium voltage. The proposed control scheme is very effective to detect any disturbance in low voltage distribution systems. Simulation results using Matlab/Simulink are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Keywords: Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), voltage sags, sensitive load.

Title: Power Quality Improvement Using Dynamic Voltage Restorer

Author: V.Dhanunjaya Naidu, L.Lokanadham, K.Amrutha Manasa, B.Bharathi, M .Srikanth

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research  

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: A CAM compares input search data in parallel against a table of stored data and returns the address of the matching data. A BCAM stores and searches only “0”s and “1”s. A TCAM can store and search an additional state, called “don’t care” so that a TCAM can perform partial matching. CAM offers high search speed in a single clock cycle, so CAMs are much faster than other search systems. Therefore CAMs are used in a wide variety of applications. Due to its parallel ML comparison 46% of power is consumed by the ML sensing structure, so TCAM is power hungry. This work proposes a Pai-Sigma ML scheme to reduce the compare power of a TCAM. The proposed ML does not incur the issues of charge sharing and short circuit current. Moreover, the switching activity of the search lines of a TCAM with the proposed MLs is low. A 3x3-bit Hybrid-type TCAM with the Parallel Pai-Sigma MLs is implemented to demonstrate the low-power feature. Results show that the compare power of the Hybrid-type TCAM can achieve 60% energy reduction compared with the conventional NOR-type TCAM. Also, the power consumption of the Hybrid-type TCAM is only 9.3962 µW.

Keywords: Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM), Binary Content addressable Memory (BCAM), Random Access Memory, NOR-type TCAM, NAND-type TCAM, Hybrid-type TCAM, Match-line (ML), Search-line (SL), Bit-line (BL).

Title: Design and Implementation of Low Power Hybrid-Type Ternary Content Addressable Memory Using Pai-Sigma Match-Line Sensing Scheme

Author: Yashaswini H G, Aswatha Kumar M, B N Shobha

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research  

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract:  The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the human body. There are three major types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the capillaries which enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and the tissues; and the veins, which carry blood from the capillaries back toward the heart. Blood vessels in images of the fundus Retinal blood vessel morphology can be an important indicator for diseases such as diabetes In this paper, we address the problem of identifying blood vessel segmentation and exudates segmentation.in this method we also used cany edge detection and neuro fuzzy classifier. Median filtering is used to remove blood vessels and bright regions other than the OD that affect segmentation.in this project contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization. Here median filter is used for getting exudates without noise. The segmentation technique is widely used by the radiologists to segment the input medical image into meaningful regions.

Keywords:  Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization, Neuro Fuzzy classifier.

Title: Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Colour Fundus Images

Author: Karthika A, Nirmal Kumar K

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: Wireless charging may one day replace plugs and wires similar to how Wi-Fi and Bluetooth have modernized personal communication. Wireless charging with inductively coupling uses an electromagnetic field that transfers energy from the transmitter to the receiver. Consumers are wild about the gadget of simply placing a portable device on a charging mat. Wireless charging works easily with mobile phones, digital cameras, music players, gaming controllers and Bluetooth headsets. Other charging applications are power tools, medical devices, e-bikes and battery cars (EVs).

Keywords: Rectifier, wireless charging, power inverter, transformer, dc regulator, pic controller, piezoelectric sensor, sound sensor.

Title: Piezoelectric Sensor Based Wireless Charging Platform

Author: Shweta Pandey, Akriti Gupta, Ghazala Nishat, Mr. B. Karthik

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research  

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: With the progress in data exchange today communicators are not only facing the problem of security, but also the speed of communication and size of content. Digital images in their uncompressed form require an enormous amount of storage capacity which in turn needs large transmission bandwidth. Image compression reduces the storage space of image & also maintains the quality of image. Encrytion techniques protects the confidential image data from unauthorized access This paper focus on dual approach of compression and encryption where compression is achieved through DCT and DWT(Haar wavelet transform) and compressed image is encrypted using Deblurring technique. Moreover ,the compression approach applied to encrypted image is proved more efficient in terms of Compression Ratio(CR),Mean Square Error(MSE),Peak Signal to Noise Ratio(PSNR).For the implementation of this proposed work we use MATLAB software.

Keywords: Encrytion, Compression, DCT, DWT, Haar Wavelet transform, Hybrid technique, Deblurring technique, Compression Ratio (CR), Mean Square Error (MSE), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR).

Title: Fast and Secure Data Transmission Using Hybrid Compression and Deblurring Technique

Author: Swati Das, Chandrashekhar Kamargaonkar, Dr.Monisha Sharma

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: Image processing plays several roles in which noise filtering and image enhancement are very important. Noise affects the pixels of the Image and affects the quality. Several types of noise are, meanwhile impulse noise is important one. Impulse noise is divided into two types: fixed and random valued impulse noise. Denoising the impulse noise using Decision Tree method is quite effective. The resultant image can be given out from an FPGA kit Spartan 3e. Contrasting has been done to improve the visualizing effect.    

Keywords: Decision Tree, Impulse Noise, Noise Removal, Noise Filter, VLSI Architecture.

Title: Denoising of Impulse Noise Using Decision Tree Method and Contrasting Images

Author: Saratha Preethi, Baby Sathya

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: The main purpose of these project is maintain the stable voltage regulation  in the transmission lines by using the cascaded multi level converter, In This converter we are using insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) technology. This project deals with the design methodology for cascaded multilevel converter (CMC)-based transmission-type STATCOM (T-STATCOM). Sizing of the CMC module, the number of H-bridges (HBs) in each phase of the CMC, ac voltage rating of the CMC, the number of paralleled CMC modules in the T-STATCOM system, the optimum value of series filter reactors, and the determination of bus bar in the power grid to which the T-STATCOM system is going to be connected, current status of high voltage (HV) insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) technology, and the required reactive power variation range for the T-STATCOM application. The equalization of dc-link capacitor voltages is achieved according to the modified selective swapping (MSS) algorithm. An L-shaped laminated bus has been designed and the HV IGBT driver circuit has been modified for the optimum switching performance of HV IGBT modules the simulation is carried over by the MATLAB-SIMULINK software.

Keywords: CMI, STATCOM, Power Quality, Reactive Power, H Bridge, Circuit Diagram.

Title: Cascaded Multilevel Converter Based T-STATCOM

Author: Y. Prashanth Rao, V Mahesh Babu, M Sandeep

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: Security and Home Automation products keep you safe, manage energy consumption, and provide entertainment. The popularity of home automation has been increasing greatly in recent years due to much higher affordability and simplicity through smartphone and tablet connectivity. Home automation refers to the use of computer and information technology to control home appliances and features (such as windows or lighting). Systems can range from simple remote control of lighting through to complex computer/micro-controller based networks with varying degrees of intelligence and automation. Home automation is adopted for reasons of ease, security and energy efficiency. The brain of the proposed system is Atmega16 microcontroller. The microcontroller is integrated with various units such as automated light and fan control unit, password protected security unit and gas detection and alarming unit. The system communication is based on GSM (Global System Module). Initially the user can set a master password for the security system. The entire house is equipped with motion sensors and when the user is authenticated, the motion sensors are turned off automatically. An automated light and fan system is equipped so that after sensing the presence of individual in the room, light and fan will turn on accordingly. Gas sensors are used to detect gas leaks and alert the user through GSM.

Keywords:  Home automation, Global System Module, PIR sensor, Atmega16.

Title: Intelligent Home Using Embedded System

Author: Jijo James, Hashib Aslam, Vysakh Mohan, Arjun Sajeev

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: During past few years, brain tumor segmentation in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an emergent research area in the field of medical imaging system. Brain tumor detection helps in finding the exact size and location of tumor. Computer aided detection of abnormal growth of tissues is primarily motivated by the necessity of achieving maximum possible accuracy for  the purpose of initiating and speeding up the recovery process. The Medical Image segmentation deals with segmentation of tumor in MR images for improved quality in medical diagnosis. It is very important and a challenging problem due to noise present in input images while doing image analysis. An efficient algorithm is proposed in this paper for tumor detection based on segmentation and morphological operators. Firstly quality of scanned image is enhanced to remove noise and then morphological operators are applied to detect the tumor in the scanned image.  Here the segmentation is carried out using k-means and fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm for better performance. Tumour can be found with more precision and also fast detection is achieved with only few seconds for execution and the area of the tumour can also be analyzed.

Keywords: Brain tumor, image processing, K-means clustering, Fuzzy c-means clustering, MR image, Segmenta- tion.

Title: Segmentation of MRI Image for the Detection of Brain Tumour

Author: G. Nagaraju, Dr. P. V. Ramaraju, A.Nandini, G.P.P.S. Viswanadh Varma, K.P.M. Mounika, Md.Akram Baig

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: In our daily life, cancer is well-known disease that causes of death in both men and women and understand about the survival rate of lung cancer which is extremely poor. To increase this survival rate of cancerous patient, it is primarily to detect at premature stage which enables many new options for the cancer treatment without risk. In this paper, we represent Lung Cancer Detection System for finding of lung cancer with the help of image processing mechanisms. This paper presents a neural network based approach to detect lung cancer from raw chest images. These extracted features are considered as the inputs of neural network to train and to verify whether the extracted noduleis a malignant or non-malignant. This research work concentrate on detecting nodules, early stages of cancer diseases, appearing in patient’s lungs. Most of the nodules can be observed after carefully selection of parameters. The training dataset of CT images are processed in three stages to attain more quality and accuracy in the processed examination. For segmentation purpose FCM technique is used.

Keywords: probabilistic neural network, image processing, segmentation, Fuzzy c-means clustering, lung tumor.

Title: Feature Based Detection of Lung Tumor Using Fuzzyc-Means Clustering and Classifying Using Probabilistic Neural Networks

Author: Dr. P.V.Ramaraju, G.Nagaraju, K.Poojitha, K.B.V.S.P.Babu, Ch.Balasubramanyam,

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research  

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: The Objective of this paper to design of a low powered portable and cost effective solar micro-inverter. Where solar panel is able to run the AC and DC loads, the system consists of a solar panel, DC-AC inverter, LC filter and the test loads. The solar cell power converter which boosts the input DC voltage into the desired rated input voltage of the inverter, High frequency Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) pulses are generated by a CD4047IC and provided to the mosfet. Here solar panel voltage is monitored. The microcontroller used here is PIC16F73. All these data are displayed on a 16X2 LCD interfaced to PIC microcontroller. This project uses regulated 5V; 500mA power supply. A three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac output of secondary step down transformer.

Keywords: Solar plate, lead acid battery, micro inverter, transformer, Rps, microcontroller, LCD displays.

Title: A Module Integrated Isolated Solar Micro Inverter

Author: Ch. Srisailam, R. Sudhir Kumar, M. Venkatesh, N. Jagapathi

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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