Vol 2 Issue 4 October 2014-December 2014

Abstract: Controlling of voltage and reactive power is very necessary for reliable operation of power system. Reactive power is the only reason for increase in loss of distribution system and power quality problems. These various problems could lead to complete cut out of load end from supply, which increases the risks of power blackout. The fast acting device D-STATSCOM is very important device that improves power factor, maintains constant distribution voltage and mitigates harmonics in distribution network. D-STATCOM reduces the voltage variations and voltage instability of power system and can result in fast recovery of system voltage after contingency event. This paper is the continuation of my phase 1 project on “D-STATCOM Application to Mitigate Voltage Fluctuation and Overcome Power Blackout Risks”, which covered the simulation part. The 2nd phase paper concludes the hardware circuit details and functions of D-STATCOM which shows the controlling technique and application for the regulation of voltage and overcome the risks of power blackout.

Keywords: D-STATCOM, Distributed Generation System, Voltage Source Converter, Voltage Fluctuation, Power Blackout, Micro-Grid.

Title: D-Statcom Application to Mitigate Voltage Fluctuation and Overcome Power Blackout Risks

Author: Rajnee Sagar

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research  

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: In this paper we are discussing about the Wind Tunnel and its types. The testing chamber is main part of wind tunnel. The construction process is depending on Design parameters and quality of material. In the testing we use the pitot tube, manometer and solid object (airfoil). Solid object is representing the original shape of the object. The Wind Tunnel Testing Machine is used in Aerodynamic research to study the effects of Air moving past to the solid objects. We calculate the velocity of fluid and drag & lift forces. It is use to experimental analysis of object. In this paper we discuss various testing process of object in the wind-tunnel. This paper we discuss the Design, Construction and Testing process open circuit low speed wind tunnel. The Design of wind tunnel is very important to proper working and accuracy of result.

Keywords: Open Circuit Wind Tunnel, Single Testing Section, Wind Tunnel Design, Industrial Design, airfoil analysis.

Title: Design, Construction and Testing Open Circuit Low Speed Wind Tunnel

Author: Bapu Joglekar, Rana Manoj Mourya

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research  

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: Solar power has become an attractive alternative of electricity energy. Solar cells that form the basis of a solar power system are mainly based on multicrystalline silicon. A set of solar cells are assembled and interconnected into a large solar module to offer a large amount of electricity power for commercial applications. Many defects in a solar module cannot be visually observed with the conventional CCD imaging system. This paper aims at defect inspection of solar modules in electroluminescence (EL) images. The solar module charged with electrical current will emit infrared light whose intensity will be darker for intrinsic crystal grain boundaries and extrinsic defects including micro-cracks, breaks and finger interruptions. The EL image can distinctly highlight the invisible defects but also create a random inhomogeneous background, which makes the inspection task extremely difficult. The proposed method is based on independent component analysis (ICA), and involves learning and a detection stage. The large solar module image is first divided into small solar cell sub images. In the training stage, a set of defect-free solar cell sub images are used to find a set of independent basis images using ICA. In the inspection stage, each solar cell sub image under inspection is reconstructed as a linear combination of the learned basis images. The coefficients of the linear combination are used as the feature vector for classification. Also, the reconstruction error between the test image and its reconstructed image from the ICA basis images is also evaluated for detecting the presence of defects. Experimental results have shown that the image reconstruction with basis images distinctly outperforms the ICA feature extraction approach. It can achieve a mean recognition rate of 93.4% for a set of 80 test samples

Keywords: Defect detection, independent component analysis, surface inspection, solar module.

Title: Defect Detection in Solar Modules Using ICA Basis Images

Author: Miss. Aarati Tekale, Mrs. Sarita Varma

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: This paper presents, for the first time, a unified blind method for multi-image super-resolution (MISR or SR), single-image blur deconvolution (SIBD), and multi-image blur deconvolution (MIBD) of low-resolution (LR) images degraded by linear space-invariant (LSI) blur, aliasing, and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The proposed approach is based on alternating minimization (AM) of a new cost function with respect to the unknown high-resolution (HR) image and blurs. The regularization term for the HR image is based upon the Huber-Markov random field (HMRF) model, which is a type of variational integral that exploits the piecewise smooth nature of the HR image. The blur estimation process is supported by an edge-emphasizing smoothing operation, which improves the quality of blur estimates by enhancing strong soft edges toward step edges, while filtering out weak structures. The parameters are updated gradually so that the number of salient edges used for blur estimation increases at each iteration. For better performance, the blur estimation is done in the filter domain rather than the pixel domain, i.e., using the gradients of the LR and HR images. The regularization term for the blur is Gaussian (L2 norm), which allows for fast noniterative optimization in the frequency domain. We accelerate the processing time of SR reconstruction by separating the upsampling and registration processes from the optimization procedure. Simulation results on both synthetic and real-life images (from a novel computational imager) confirm the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Keyword: Blur Decovolution, High Resolution, Edge Emphasizing, Blur Estimation, Filtering Domain.

Title: A Novel method for Unified Blind motion Deblurring of single / multi image / video Using Blur Deconvolution

Author: Kishore Kumar R, Prof. Harikrishna

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: Energy demand is growing rapidly day by day and to meet this ever increasing energy demand, the dependence on the conventional energy sources is increasing which is resulting in the pollution, green house effect and global warming. About 80% of world’s energy demand is dependent on conventional sources of energy [1]. DC power supply is required for protection, control and monitoring (PCM) system in the electric substations. In this paper, a PV based DC system has been proposed for catering the DC Power demand of the protection control and monitoring system in electric sub-stations. Hybrid configuration having solar and grid power is assumed. In the present work, the study of a 220/33 kV electric sub-station located at “Masjid Moth Delhi, India” has been carried out. DC Load and solar resource assessment has been done for the site under consideration and the socio-economic parameters, a techno-economic study is carried out. The results show that the PV based DC system for protection, control and monitoring (PCM) system in the electric substations has huge potential and offers advantages of renewable energy integration, GHG mitigation.

Keyword: Protection control and monitoring (PCM), Solar PV system, Load assessment, solar resource, techno-economic study, emission mitigation.

Title: PV Powered DC System for Protection Control and Monitoring (PCM) in Sub-Stations

Author: Avneesh Kumar, Jai Dev Sharma

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: Hydro Power is one of the most important and vital renewable energy resources; hence exploitation of hydro-power naturally attracts more and more attention worldwide. With the development of large-scale hydropower stations, we cannot neglect complex water conduit, turbine and governor’s functions which participate in frequency control. This paper studies accurate dynamic response of the complex water conduit system and non-linear hydro turbine model because of simplicity, accurate modeling cannot be studied in hydro power plant system. The developed model is implemented in Mat lab/ Simulink. Simulation studies are investigated for frequency response for 1% step load disturbances by considering different water inertia time of penstock.

Keywords: Power Plant Dynamics, Water Hammer Effects, Hydraulic System, Turbine Governor Modeling.

Title: Development and Implementation of Non-Linear Hydro Turbine Model with Elastic Effect of Water Column and Surge Tank

Author: Jai Dev Sharma, Avneesh Kumar

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: MOBILE ad hoc network based on the IEEE 802.11 standards is one of the fastest growing wireless access technologies in the world today. it is a collection of wireless mobile host which  forming a temporary network on the fly ,without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration DSR routing protocol was used to evaluate the MACA and CSMA performance. Results show that the CSMA simulation performs well as compared to MACA in sense of Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio, Routing overhead under varying conditions with various node Density.

Keywords: AWN ,  QOS , MAC , MACA , CSMA, DSR , Throughput , packet delivery ratio  , Routing overhead wireless network.

Title: Performance Evaluation and Analysis of MAC protocol in Mobile Ad-hoc Wireless Network using NS-2

Author: Poonam Pathak, Poonam Lilhare, Anurag Nishad

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: Today the world is moving towards wireless system. Wireless networks are gaining popularity to its peak today, as the users want wireless connectivity irrespective of their geographic position. Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are considered to be the special application of infrastructure-less wireless Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET). In these networks, vehicles are used as nodes. The thesis works is based on comparison between Ad hoc on demand Distance Vector routing protocol (AODV) and Destination sequenced distance vector routing (DSDV) in VANET on the basis of packet delivery ratio and average delay. Researchers are continuously publishing papers on performance work on VANET hence we worked on the issue. The tools which we used for the work of performance are TRACEGRAPH and NETWORK SIMULATOR (NS2).

Keywords:  VANETS, MANETs, Ad- hoc Network, NS-2.34, Trace graph.

Title: Performance Analysis of Reactive & Proactive Routing Protocols for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

Author: Anjali Bhatt, Mr. Prashant Bhati

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: When we sense anything by our senses like touch, hearing, smell (Sensory memory). … . The data stored regarding about this in the hippocampus by ENMSP (Electro Neuro Memory Simulation program) is called out by (recalling) primary network (Usual human recalling system).

Title: Electro Neuro Memory Simulation Program (ENMSP)

Author: Renjith V.S.

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: Many Delays tolerant Network (DTN) application multicast services thus making efficient multicast communication support. In this paper we propose a adaptive multicast in delay tolerant network to challenge the intermittent link connectivity and frequently partitioned in DTN. In this paper our main aim is to minimize the packet drop problem and we analyze this problem by using NS-2. In this we especially focus on packet drop problem, for minimizing this we use low duty cycle, setting packets are addressed to set of potential receiver and forward by the neighbour that wakes up first and it receive packet successfully and reduce delay and energy consumption by utilizing the potential of all neighbour.

Keywords: Delay tolerant network, multicast, low duty cycle, Adaptive.

Title: ADAPTIVE MULTICAST FOR DELAY TOLERANT NETWORK

Author: Shilpa Gangele, Prof. Nilesh Bodne

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: This paper describes the analysis of Air Traffic Management domains and potential air traffic control strategies. The main objective of this project is to monitor and control the flow of aircrafts in the airport to reduce the down time of activities. Aircraft Landing System is most essential and required for the most modern airports. Integration of the various modules with the monitoring systems consumes less time for the flow of quality air traffic, with the help of monitoring the ambient parameters like temperature, humidity, wind speed and its direction can avoid confusion in arrival and departure of the aircrafts. There might be a chance of accident due to abnormal position of flight during landing. By checking the position of Lever, the chance of accident can be reduced. Integration of the various modules with the existing system gives more advantages like reduction of time consumption, manpower and improvement the flow of quality and safe air traffic. It gives economic affordable solution for perfect take off and landing System for airports.

Keywords:  Aircraft landing system, Air Traffic Services, Air Traffic Management, Control strategies, Air Traffic Control, operator models.

Title: Bidirectional Communication Aircraft Landing System

Author: AR. Subramaniyan, Mrs. S. Lalitha Kumari

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research  

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: link-budget analysis is the method to get the link margin of the underwater acoustic communication and it considering the transmitter signal power, transmitter antenna characterizes, propagation losses, channel ambient noise, and receiver antenna characterizes. Link-budget analysis is commonly applied to satellite and wireless communications for estimating signal-to-noise ratio (snr) at the receiver. Underwater signal and the terms of the sonar equation translate easily to the formulation of the link budget. However, the high frequency dependence of the diffusion of underwater acoustics requires special attention, and is the result of an argument called signal to noise ratio channel. And compared too many of the problems of communication and voice navigation through link analysis of the large-scale budget. Link budget is applied to voice communications system using the same principles sea radio link budget. Three case studies have shown audio link budget of the utility systems in the design of broadband communications. Link budget is a useful tool in the perceived impact of the channel on the transmitted signal and evaluate the consequences of the strategic wireless transmission. Aim of this case of the research is design wideband frequency underwater acoustic communication system and comparative study of link budget analysis for underwater communication with the attenuation of the underwater channel by means of the modeling in the matlab software. Find out the channel conditions of the underwater acoustic communication in the wideband frequency are strongly range dependent due to underwater attenuation and interference noise.  

Keywords: Link Budget, underwater communication system.

Title: Link Budget Analysis for Underwater Communication System

Author: Yousif Mohsin Hasan, Nor Hisham bin Haji Khamis

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract­: This project deals with a new type of early detection of pests system. Images of the leaves affected by pests are acquired by using a digital camera. The leaves with pest images are processed for getting a gray colored image and then using image segmentation, image classification techniques to detect pests on leaves. The image is transferred to the analysis algorithm to report the quality. The technique evolved in this system is both image processing and soft computing. The image processing technique is used to detect the pests and soft computing technique is used for doing this detection over a wide population. The images are acquired by using a digital camera of approximately 12 M-Pixel resolution in 24-bits color resolution. The images are then transferred to a PC and represented in MAT­LAB software. The RGB image is then segmented using blob like algorithm for segmentation of pests on leaves. The segmented leave part is now analyzed for estimating pest density in field. The Support Vector Machine classifier is used to classify the pest types. It is also implemented in FPGA kit by converting the MATLAB coding into HDL coder. In FPGA, the input image is downloaded to the memory. It reads the image from memory, process it and display the output image on monitor.

Keywords:  Blob like Segmentation, Classification, Early detection of pest, Image Processing, Support Vector Machine.

Title: Early Detection of Pests on Leaves Using Support Vector Machine

Author: M.Manoja, Mrs.J.Rajalakshmi

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: This paper presents algorithms and architecture designs that can meet real-time requirements of for several user channel estimation and detection in code-division multiple-access-based wireless base-station receivers. Entangled algorithms proposed to implement several user channel assessment and demodulation make their real-time execution difficult on current digital signal processor-based receivers. A maximum-likelihood based several user channel assessment scheme requiring matrix conversion is draft again from an demodulation perspective for a reduced intricacy, repetitive scheme with a simple fixed-point very large scale integration (VLSI) architecture. A reduced-intricacy, bit-streaming several user demodulation algorithm that avoids the need for multishot demodulation is also developed for a simple, pipelined VLSI architecture. Thus, we develop real-time solutions for several user channel assessment and demodulation for third-generation wireless systems by: 1) designing the algorithms from a fixed-point execution perspective, without significant loss in error rate performance; 2) task partitioning; and 3) designing bit-streaming fixed-point VLSI architectures that explore pipelining, correspondence, and bit-level computations to achieve real-time with minimum area overhead.

Keywords: Digital signal processor, several user channel estimation, several user detection, real-time exe. very large scale integration, wideband code-division multiple-access.

Title: Real-Time Algorithms and Architectures for Several User Channel Detection in Wireless Base Station Receivers

Author: Nitish Meena, Dr. Nilesh parihar

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: A huge portion of the on chip power is stimulated by the clock system which is made of the clock distribution network and flop-flops. In synchronous systems, high speed has been achieved using sophisticated pipelining techniques.

In this scrutiny we introduce a new Dual dynamic node hybrid flip-flop and a novel embedded logic module based on DDFF. These flip-flops are based on the D flip-flop and latch embedded logic. This logic uses basic gates and universal gates and also Comparing the performance of DDFF with other Flip-flops which are designed for low power and high performance. The basic features of these flip-flops are highlighting and appraise them based on power consumption, speed. The foremost aim is an AND function is removed from the critical path to facilitate a faster discharge operation. Instead of this we are using a simple two transistor AND gate design is used for the reduction of complexity.

To introduce the conditional pulse enhancement for speed up the discharge swing along the critical path only when needed. For saving the power we can reduce the transistor sizes which are used at delay inverter and pulse generation circuit.

Keywords:  Embedded logic, flip-flops, high-speed, leakage power, low-power.

Title: Implementation of an Efficient Pulse-Triggered Flip Flop for Ultra Applications

Author: Narayana.Ramu, M.A.V. Kamal Nath

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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