Vol 3 Issue 4 October 2015-December 2015

Abstract: Fast Fourier transforms is one of the most important frequency analysis in signal processing. It has different application such as image processing, medical field, communication system, spectral analysis etc. Butterfly is the basic elements of FFT. In this work a Distributed arithmetic technique is used to implement the butterfly module. Distributed arithmetic is Multiplierless technique resulted more efficient butterfly element both in terms of power and area. Butterfly element is the most important building block of Reconfigurable FFT processor. Single precision is used to represent the data. IEEE 754 standard is used to represent the floating point numbers.

Keywords: Digital signal processing (DSP), Complex multiplier, Distributed Arithmetic, FFT.

Title: Power and Area Minimization of Reconfigurable FFT Processor Using Distributed Arithmetic

Author: Anuradha Mokashi, Vishal Raskar

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: Pipelined Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) architectures are efficient for long instances in digital communication. For long instances, Single-Path Delay-Feedback (SDF) FFT architectures minimize required memory, which can dominate circuit area and power dissipation. This paper discusses about the architecture of Radix- Single Delay Feedback for N = 1024 samples and its implementation. Then the code is dumped into Xilinx Spartan 3E kit to analysis Radix- SDF architecture by using chip scope. Radix- SDF algorithm has the same multiplicative complexity as radix-4 algorithm, but retains the butterfly structure of   radix-2 algorithm. Simulation and Synthesis are carried on Modelsim 6.3 and Xilinx ISE 12.2.  The design has been coded in Verilog [6] and targeted into Xilinx Spartan3E FPGA kit.

Keywords: Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Single-Path Delay-Feedback (SDF), Radix-2², Twiddle factor, ROM, Butterfly unit.

Title: Analysis of Radix-2² SDF Pipeline FFT Architecture in VLSI Using Chip Scope

Author: G. Mohana Durga, D.V.R. Mohan

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: Power consumption and Area reduction is a major role in sequential circuit design .A novel approach to design a pulsed latch based shift register with reduced area and power is proposed. In this the, conventional data Flip flops are replaced with pulsed latches to reduce area occupation. This method solves the timing problem between pulsed latches through the use of multiple non-overlap delayed pulsed clock signals instead of the conventional single pulsed clock signal. In the existing system, shift register uses single pulsed clock signal for data transition, which consumes more power. The shift register uses a small number of the pulsed clock signals by grouping the latches to several sub shifter registers and using additional temporary storage latches.  To minimize power consumption multiple non overlap delayed pulsed clock signal scheme is proposed for data synchronization in a multi bit shift register. The proposed system will be carried out using Tanner T- Spice.

Keywords: flip-flop, pulsed clock, pulsed latch, shift register.

Title: Design of Pulsed Latch Based Shift Register with Reduced Power and Area

Author: Nandhini.N, Murugasami.R

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: Now a days vehicle is an important part of everyone life. vehicle is needed to save a time. As the vehicle good aspects, it’s having a emission but it becomes problem when is cross the threshold level. Due to the improper maintenance vehicle causes the partial combustion of fuel & it causes the pollution. This emission can be control by the automated control system for pollution detection in vehicle. This emission of hazards gases can be control by the sensor system sensors in the system detect the level of pollution & indicate it on the display. If the pollution level goes beyond the threshold level there will be buzz which indicates that vehicle will stop after some time & certain time is given for driver to park the vehicle. During this time GPS start locating nearest service station. After the time run out vehicle stop & has to be force to service station. This all process is control & executed by the microcontroller. If this paper when implemented in particle will benefit to the people & help to reduce air pollution. 

Keywords: Automated, Air pollution, Sensor, GPS, GSM, Microcontroller, threshold level.

Title: Automated Control System for Air Pollution Detection in Vehicles

Author: Nishigandha Athare, Prof. P.R. Badadapure

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: Variable latency adders have been recently proposed in literature. A Variable latency adder employs speculation: the exact arithmetic function is replaced with an approximated one that is faster and gives the correct result most of the time, but not always. The approximated adder is augmented with an error detection network that asserts an error signal when speculation fails. Speculative variable latency adders have attracted strong interest thanks to their capability to reduce average delay compared to traditional architectures. This paper proposes a novel variable latency speculative adder based on Han-Carlson parallel- prefix topology that resulted more effective than variable latency Kogge-Stone topology. The paper describes the stages in which variable latency speculative prefix adders can be subdivided and presents a novel error detection network that reduces error probability compared to previous approaches. Several variable latency speculative adders, for various operand lengths, using both Han-Carlson and Kogge-Stone topology, have been synthesized using the UMC 65 nm library. Obtained results show that proposed variable latency Han-Carlson adder outperforms both previously proposed speculative Kogge-Stone architectures and non-speculative adders, when high-speed is required. It is also shown that non-speculative adders remain the best choice when the speed constraint is relaxed.

Keywords: Addition, digital arithmetic, parallel-prefix adders, speculative adders, speculative functional units, variable latency adders.

Title: Implementation of Han-Carlson Adder for Error Tolerent Applications

Author: Sasireka .S, Marimuthu C.N

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: Atherosclerosis is the leading underlying pathologic process that results in cardiovascular diseases, which represents the main cause of death and disability in the world. The atherosclerotic process is a complex degenerative condition mainly affecting the medium- and large-size arteries, which begins in childhood and may remain unnoticed during decades. The intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA) has emerged as one of the most powerful tool for the evaluation of preclinical atherosclerosis. IMT is measured by means of B-mode ultrasound images, which is a non-invasive and relatively low-cost technique. This paper proposes an effective image segmentation method for the IMT measurement in an automatic way. With this purpose, segmentation technique based on machine learning and statistical pattern recognition to measure IMT from ultrasound CCA images. The pixels are classified by means of support vector machine (SVM) to identify the IMT boundaries. The suggested approach is tested on a set of 60 longitudinal ultrasound images of the CCA by comparing the automatic segmentation with four manual tracings.

Keywords: Automatic Detection, Ultrasound Images, (IMT), Common Carotid Artery, (SVM).

Title: Automatic Detection of Intima-Media Thickness in Ultrasound Images of the Common Carotid Artery Using SVM

Author: D.SASIKALA, M.NARGEESH BANU, B.NANDHINI

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: Ni doped ZnO thin films were successfully deposited on ITO coated glass substrates by sol-gel spin coating method. The effect of film thickness on the structural properties of Ni:ZnO thin films were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The XRD study reveals that the deposited Ni:ZnO thin films were crystallized in hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with preferred orientation along the (002) plane. Two dominant characteristics modes identified at 484 cm-1 and 570 cm-1. The mode assigned at 484 cm-1 is associated with ZnO non-polar high-frequency E2H mode which confirms the hexagonal wurtzite phase of deposited thin films. The Raman mode at 570 cm-1 correspond  to the A1(LO) mode and it exhibited a significant red-shift shift from 580 cm-1 to 570 cm-1 which indicates that a large number of defects (i.e., zinc interstitials and oxygen vacancy defect states) were present in the deposited Ni doped ZnO thin films. The characteristics peaks centered at 1090cm-1 and 936 cm-1 are associated with substrate and organic solvent, respectively. The relative change in the intensity of the Raman modes with corresponding film thickness is attributed to the resonance Raman Effect. The prepared Ni doped ZnO thin film will be used for diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) applications.

Keywords: Ni:ZnO Thin Films, Optical Material, Thin films, Optoelectronic Devices, Semiconductor Oxide, DMD, Sol-gel.

Title: Raman Analysis of Ni Doped ZnO (Ni:Zno) Thin Films By Sol-Gel Spin Coating System For Device Applications

Author: R.K. Pandey, Swati Mishra, Rashmi Tiwari, M.P. Sharma, P.K. Bajpai

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract:  Multimedia services such as VoIP using mobile stationsequipped with the IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network(WLAN) module in fast moving environments like Vehicle Adhoc Networks (VANETs) are being used constantly.To provide multimedia services handoff among access points is essential. But, the IEEE 802.11 handoff using hard-handoff may easily lose connection, and it wastes much time onrecognizing the connection severance and channel search time for re-connection. Such a wasted time can cause problems formultimedia data transmission. So, an expected capacity based handoff algorithm will give an idea to overcome the service disconnection problem. The simulation results show that the service disconnection problem is considerably reduced in expected capacity based handoff algorithm.

Keywords: Multimedia services, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Vehicle Adhoc Networks (VANETs).

Title: Expected Capacity Based Handoff` Scheme for Multimedia data

Author: Naveenkumar S, Dr. K Somashekar

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: In this paper, Adaptive PID controller model for cylindrical tank level control system using Lab VIEW software is performed. It aims at designing an adaptive control algorithm for a cylindrical tank system. System identification of the non-linear process is done using black box modeling and found to be First Order plus Dead Time (FOPDT) model. Here Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID) controller based on Ziegler Nichols method is designed initially and the results are compared with that of an Adaptive Controller. This designs a simulation system for conventional PID controller and Adaptive controller for cylindrical tank level control by Simulink in Lab VIEW software. Better controller performance and error can be minimized by using Adaptive controller than that of the ZN tuned PID controller.

Keywords: First Order plus Dead Time (FOPDT), ZN tuned PID controller, cylindrical tank system.

Title: Simulation of Zn Tuning Method for Adaptive PID Controller in Cylindrical Tank Level System Using Lab View

Author: Divya Krishnan, K. Saravanan, P.Harikrishnan

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: Finding and designing new methods for determining type and exact location of faults in power system has been a major subject for power system protection. One of the main capabilities that can improve the efficiency of new protection relays in power systems is exact fault location. In this paper various approaches used for determining fault location in cable systems and the factors that affects the fault location are discussed.

Keywords: Fault Location, Neural Networks, Cable System, Fault location based on ANNS, Factors affecting fault location

Title: Methods of Fault Location in Cable System

Author: Karan Sanhotra

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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Abstract: In this paper we will discuss about what is power blackout, causes of power blackout, power blackout in India & affect of power blackout.

Blackout: A blackout is the total loss of power to an area and is the most severe form of power outage that can occur.

Causes of blackout: There are many causes of power failures in an electricity network. Examples of these causes include faults at power stations, damage to electric transmission lines etc.

Power blackout in India: Two severe power blackouts affected most of northern and eastern India on 30 and 31 July 2012. The 30 July 2012 India blackout affected over 300 million people and was the then-largest power outage in history, counting number of people affected, beating the January 2001 India blackout.

Causes of power blackout in India: Weak inter-regional power transmission corridors due to multiple existing outages (both scheduled and forced).

Effect of power blackout in India: Twenty of India's 28 states were hit by power cuts, along with the capital, New Delhi, when three of the country's five electricity grids failed at lunchtime.

Keywords: Causes and Effect of power blackout.

Title: Blackouts in the power system

Author: Sudeep Dattatraya Kulkarniirlekar

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research

ISSN 2348-6988 (online)

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