Vol 3 Issue 1 January 2015-March 2015

Abstract: Security is the most important in day to day life for almost all the sectors of the world. The development of self security alert system using wireless sensor network is presented in this project The main aim of this project is to secure a person under risk by automatic alert system using Peripheral Interface Controller, mobile communication and Force Sensing Resistor.   Force Sensing Resistor at the bottom of the foot senses the force being applied. The analog information from this resistor will be converted into digital for further processing by the Microcontroller series. Whenever a person is in distress, he/she has to hit the sandal forcibly on the ground to activate the control unit. When the applied force exceeds the threshold level, the signal will be transmitted to the Radio Frequency Transceiver through Serial Peripheral interface. When Radio Frequency Transceiver receives the signal, it is given to the Microcontroller. Global Positioning System is the receiver that collects data from the satellite and feeds the exact location in the form of latitude and longitude to the user’s mobile. Communication is possible by sending a text message in the predefined format to the GSM modem. The main concept in this design is introducing the mobile communication into an embedded system for the purpose of security. The design unit is very simple and low cost.

Keywords: Global Positioning System (GPS), Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), Force Sensing Resistor (FSR), and Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC).

Title: SELF SECURITY ALERT SYSTEM USING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

Author: M. Ramya Princess, K. Chithra, B. Prabhu

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: In modern industries, commercial refrigerators play a major role in preserving food groceries, beverages, etc. Hence designing and analysis of these refrigerators to withstand given load has become a major concern in recent years. The objective of this dissertation was to analse and optimize the refrigerator shelf and to find maximum stress and deflections of entire refrigerator assembly for given loading and boundary conditions using Finite Element Method. First stage consists of Analysis and optimization of refrigerator shelf. Second stage consists of the Analysis of entire refrigerator assembly. While lifting the structure from one place to another place, structure has to be tilted to a small angle so that the structure sits firmly on the automated guided vehicle. Hence it is very important to find the critical angle of tilt for safe transportation and thereby preventing from a huge loss.  Finally, Toppling analysis of entire refrigerator assembly was carried out to find the critical angle of tilt. In this critique, Pro/Engineer 3D CAD models of refrigerator shelf and entire Refrigerator assembly were imported to Hypermesh as an IGES format. The meshed finite element model with given  loading and boundary conditions were exported to Finite Element Solvers (NASTRAN, ANSYS) to determine the maximum displacement, maximum stress  and  deflections  at  specified  locations.   Finally the model of refrigerator structure was exported to motion view in H3D format to carry out toppling analysis.

Keywords: FEA, CAD, MPA, DOf.

Title: Finite Element Analysis and Optimization of Refrigerator Structure

Author: Kesani Dinesh

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: One of the problems that affect in development of vision based machine is Image accuracy taken by camera mounted on the robot. Robot Vision with Image programming and filtration technique of that image improves the accuracy and can also be used as a diagnostic tool in robot production and maintenance.  This proposed methodology presents techniques for measuring distance as well as height of the target/object/wall using Laser beam pixel area (LBPA) based Image programming technique used by an hybrid system which is a combination of camera and laser pointer. The proposed measurement system is portable, accurate and low cost, able to use in outdoor region also, consisting of a single camera with laser pointer. It is not a robot building hunt basically it focuses on machine vision or robot vision. Results in past literature are shown and discussed in this paper. This approach is possible & future refinements of this also discussed.

Keywords: Image processing, Computer vision, Camera, Green laser pointer.

Title: A Review on Image Based Target Distance & Height Estimation Technique Using Laser Pointer and Single Video Camera for Robot Vision

Author: Ms. Neha shukla

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: The insulation quality plays a vital role in high voltage power system equipment. It has been seen by power engineers that one of the major problems in high voltage (HV) power system is breakdown of insulators or degradation of insulators. Modelling of the partial discharge (PD) process allows a better understanding of the phenomena. Partial discharge inception, propagation and breakdown (BD) characteristics under ac voltage application were obtained and discussed at atmospheric and pressurized conditions. Therefore it is necessary to monitor the condition of the insulation property .Modelling of the partial discharge process allows a better understanding of the phenomena. Partial discharge (PD) inception, propagation and breakdown characteristics under ac voltage application were obtained and discussed at atmospheric and pressurized conditions. A comprehensive survey of PD has been presented in this paper. The survey shows that, much of the work has been carried out on model voids. Research has to be extended to obtain a figure of merit for PD of single and multiple discharges and for complex PD patterns observed in practical insulation systems.

Keywords: Partial discharge, Dielectric Material, insulation, Modeling and Simulation.

Title: A Review on Partial Discharge Behavior in Insulators

Author:  Pragati Sharma, Arti Bhanddakkar

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract:  The main  concept of  a  multilevel  converter is to  achieve  higher  power to use a series  of  power semiconductor  switches with several  dc source to perform the power conversion  by synthesizing  a staircase voltage waveform. In this paper, 3- level and 5- level diode clamped inverter topologies and SPWM technique has been applied to formulate the switching pattern for inverter that minimizes the harmonic distortion at the output. A RL passive filter is also introduced for more improvement in results, performed in simulink.

Keywords: Diode Clamped Inverter, Total Harmonic Distortion, SPWM, Passive filter.

Title: Reduction in Total Harmonic Distortion by Multilevel Inverters and Passive Filter

Author: Apurva Tomar

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: Coffee growing areas in Tanzania have abundant coffee husks resources; however these resources are not efficiently utilized in the existing stoves. The main objective of the study was to develop, fabricate and evaluate the performance of gasifier stove that uses coffee husks as source of energy for household cooking purpose. Kalinzi village in Kigoma region was taken as case study for this project. The results for this project were achieved through different methods including visiting Kalinzi village to collect some preliminary data, conceptual design, and design analysis, fabricating and testing the performance of the existing and developed stoves. The result shows that thermal efficiency was improved from 12.8% of the existing stove to 24% for the developed stove. Not only thermal efficiency but also burning rate become lower (5.2 gm/min) for the developed stove than existing stove (14.5 gm/min). Specific fuel consumption has changed from 200 (gram coffee husk/ kg water) to 100 (gram coffee husk/ kg water) of existing stove and developed stove respectively.

Keywords: Gasification; Coffee Husk, Gasifier Stove, Farmers.

Title: An Efficient and Environmental Friendly Modified Natural Draft Coffee Husks Gasifier Stove For Coffee Farmers in Tanzania

Author: Masoud Mlela Kamoleka, Raphael Iddphonce Mkini, John Pius John

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: The Montreal Protocol has sealed the use of Halogenated Hydrocarbons; keeping in view they affect the environment in the form of Ozone layer depletion and Global warming. Thus one of the major thrust areas is to identify substitute of Halogenated Hydrocarbons, especially CFCs. The substitute refrigerant should be eco-friendly, chemically stable and compatible with existing refrigeration systems with transport and thermal properties similar to or better than CFCs. According to the recent studies carried by U.S. energy development society, approximately 75 million new refrigerators are manufactured would wide every year and year and the total number of refrigerators will cross 100 million mark by the year 2010. Since the refrigeration system use CFC- 12 as refrigerant universally, the search for a suitable alternative for CFC-12 is inevitable. HFC-134a is currently the leading alternative to CFC-12. Other promising substitutes are R-407c a ternary mixture of HFC-32 & HFC-125 & HFC-134a. R-507 Binary mixture of HFC-143a & HFC-125 and R-404a is a ternary mixture of HFC-125, HFC-143a, HFC-134a. The present work aims to analysis suitability of three newly discovered mixtures R-407c R-507 & R-404A for replacement of CFC-12 in existing refrigeration units. A cycle analysis has been carried out to predict the performance of system under various operation conditions. In this paper, performance evaluation of eco-friendly alternate refrigerant 407c, R-507 & R-404a for replacing CFC12 has been done and a suitable alternative refrigerant for retrofitting has been identified.

The Montreal Protocol has sealed the use of Halogenated Hydrocarbons; keeping in view they affect the environment in the form of Ozone layer depletion and Global warming. Thus one of the major thrust areas is to identify substitute of Halogenated Hydrocarbons, especially CFCs. The substitute refrigerant should be eco-friendly, chemically stable and compatible with existing refrigeration systems with transport and thermal properties similar to or better than CFCs. Since the refrigeration system use CFC- 12 as refrigerant universally, the search for a suitable alternative for CFC-12 is inevitable.HFC-134a is currently the leading alternative to CFC-12. Other promising substitutes are R-507 as a binary mixture of R-143a & R-125, R-407c ternary mixture of R-134a, R-32 & R-125 and R-404a ternary mixture Of R-134a, R-143a & R-125 In this paper, performance evaluation of eco-friendly alternate refrigerant R-134a, R-507a, R-407c & R-404a for replacing CFC12 has been done and a suitable alternative refrigerant for retrofitting has been identified.

Keywords: Ozone depletion, Montreal protocol, eco-friendly refrigerant, hydrocarbon refrigerant, retrofits.

Title: Performance Evaluation of Eco- Friendly Alternate Refrigerants for VCRS

Author: Lalit Narayan, Abhishek Arya

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: The process heat integration with other energy sources has been considered as an alternative to minimize the energy cost incurred by small-scale bio-ethanol plants. In this paper the result of a study conducted to evaluate the effect of utilizing biomass gasification as source of energy in bio-ethanol production is presented. The study assessed the effect in bio-ethanol production cost when conventional energy sources are replaced with biomass gasification. Material characterization was done, followed by fabrication and testing of a 100 kW updraft gasifier prototype. The developed 100 kW gasifier was tested using rice husk which are readily available. The properties of rice husk were analyzed through proximate analysis. These properties were used in preparing the mathematical model for mass and energy balance. The developed gasifier was found to operate at an efficiency of 51% and produces syngas with calorific value estimated to be 2.02 MJ/kg. Utilizing rice husk gasification can replace the conventional energy sources with estimated 17.6% energy cost saving to bio-ethanol plants. These results show the potential of using biomass gasification as sources of energy to small scale bio-ethanol production plants.

Keywords: Biomass, gasification, Bio-ethanol, economics.

Title: The Effect of Using Biomass Gasification as Source of Energy to Small Scale Bio-ethanol Production

Author: Raphael Iddphonce Mkini, John Pius John, Masoud Mlela Kamoleka

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: Alkyd resins are oil modified polyesters produced by reacting di-carboxylic acid or it's anhydride with a polyol. Phthalic anhydried is one of the most common di-carboxylic acid used in alkyd resin industry.  It is an anhydride of phthalic acid (PA).  Phthalic acid is an isomer of terephthalic (TPA) and isophthalic acids (IPA) .  Among these three isomers terephthalic acid is water insoluble solid and it gives good water and whether resistance to alkyd based paints.  But conventional alkyd making techniques cannot be apply for TPA due to its high stability and reaction temperature compare to the PA.

Present investigation was aimed to develop new methodology to synthesis alkyd resin from TPA and it was successfully achieved by altering the order of feeding raw materials and increasing the reaction temperature (260-280 °C).   At 280 °C temperature  66.5 g soya oil, 25.26 g TPA, 12.9 g glycerol and 1 g Maleic anhydride (MA) produced a long oil alkyd resin with acid value 11.4 mgKOH/g , Hydroxyl value 43.2 mgKOH/g and touch drying time 185 minutes. Total Processing time was 120 minutes.

Keywords: Terephthalic acid, Alkyd Resin, Alcoholysis, Phthalic Anhydride.

Title: Development of Suitable Methodology to Synthesize Terephthalic Acid Based Alkyd Resin

Author: Udayakumara S.V., Gunapala O.

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: The main purpose of this study was to develop and fabricate a corncob baking oven for domestic household application in rural areas. The study was done as a case study in Mbeya region. Through engineering design approach, a corncob baking oven was designed and fabricated. This oven was later tested to evaluate its performance in-terms of temperature variation in the combustion and baking chambers of the oven. Prior to this test material characterization for corncobs in terms of proximate analysis was done, through this analysis basic information such as moisture content, volatile matter, fixed carbon ,ash content for corncob were measured (Table 6). On top of these characteristics, calorific value for corncob was also measured, where high heating value was found to be 16.52 MJ/kg and low heating value was found to be 15.85 MJ/kg. After this, three tests were done, where 450 g, 412 g, and 423 g of corncobs were charged at different time into oven combustion chamber. Temperature variations in combustion and baking chambers were recorded at an interval of 2 minutes; the average values for temperature variation are presented in Fig. 3 which shows how temperature changes were varying in both oven chambers. The highest temperature attained was 612oC and 235oC for combustion and baking chambers respectively and from 5th minute since combustion was started to 50th minute, temperature in the baking chamber was experienced to vary between 235oC and 150oC which is a reasonable zone temperature for baking process. 

Keywords: Baking oven, Corncobs, Bread, Energy, Agricultural wastes.

Title: Design of a Corncob Baking Oven for Rural Households Application in Tanzania

Author: Raphael Iddphonce Mkini, Wilson B. Kiunsi

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: Challenge for detecting human beings in big institutions. Whenever we want to find someone in mobile prohibited area, it is difficult to find them within a short period. This kind of circumstances should be avoided by mistreatment RFID technology. Previous analysis and development for indoor localization includes infrared, wireless LAN etc. These technologies suffer from the limited accuracy and lacking of the infrastructure. This paper proposes a method that enables indoor location tracking of staff/student by utilizing RFID technology. RFID technology is often leveraged to realize staff/student location in a reasonable, power efficient and user friendly manner. Indoor location tracking system allows you to track the location with a facilitate of RFID tag, RFID reader and Zigbee in a non-interruptive manner. RFID is an acronym for Radio Frequency Identification is a fast and reliable means for identifying   an individual.

Keywords: RFID Tag, RFID reader and Zigbee.

Title: Indoor Location Tracking System Using RFID Technology

Author: P. Karthika, J. Harriet Rathna Priya , A. Rathinavel Pandian

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: Biomass energy in forms of wood and charcoal fuel are the only sources of energy for cooking and heating that can be accessed by most people in developing countries. The high demand of fuel has lead to the utilization of agro and forest wastes through briquetting processes which increase energy to volume ratio. In this study sawdust briquettes made by Mkombozi group in Lushoto Tanga were analyzed to evaluate the impact of moisture content on combustion and friability properties of briquettes. The methods used to conduct the analysis involved the Bomb Calorimeter test, Water Boiling test, Friability test and Moisture Content test. The tested briquettes were categorized into two groups which are high moisture content and low moisture content briquettes with average moisture content of 29% (wet basis) and 12% (wet basis), respectively. The Bomb Calorimeter test result showed that calorific value of dry briquette material is 15 MJ/kg. Friability test showed that the briquettes with high moisture content has Impact to Resistance Index (IRI) range from 55 to 71 while the IRI for briquettes with low moisture content was between 80 and 160. Combustion analysis showed that both groups of briquettes emit more CO than CO2. The CO emitted was between 150 to 300 ppm while CO2 were less than 100 ppm. The study concluded that moisture content affects the friability and combustion properties of briquettes.

Keywords: Biomass briquettes, energy, moisture content, combustion, friability.

Title: Effect of Moisture Content on Combustion and Friability Characteristics of Biomass Waste Briquettes Made By Small Scale Producers in Tanzania

Author: Raphael Iddphonce Mkini, Zuwena Bakari

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: The COAL CRUSHING AND CONVEYER SYSTEM will include the design and construction of a  microcontroller based coal crushing and conveyer system with DTMF and GSM protocol .As the title itself suggest the proper use of this project is in any mining and cement industries .The project consist of a conveyer belt which help us in getting the coal directly from the mining area towards the industry ,as we all know mining areas are far from industrial plant .Thus here conveyer belt became a source to connect a link between mining area to the industrial plant. A Here we are using two conveyer belt, one which delivers coal to another conveyer belt where it is filtered and filled in the container at a appropriate level, here LCD is used to display the no. of containers filled .Object detector is used to indicate object. PIR (Passive Infrared Rays) is an indicator to detect the presence of a person around the system and a motor drive circuit.

Keywords: coal crushing and conveyer system with DTMF and GSM protocol, Object detector, PI.

Title: Coal Crushing and Conveyer System

Author: PANCHOLI PAYAL, BHATT JAINY, DESHMUKH KAJAL, ZALAVADIYA SHEELA, Mrs. RUCHI NAYAK

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: This project proposes the power quality problems such as voltage sags and swell. Compensation techniques of custom power electronic device D-ST ATCOM was presented. Power quality issues are gaining significant attention due to the increase in the number of sensitive loads. Many of these loads use equipment that is sensitive to distortions or dips in supply voltages. Almost all power quality problems originate from disturbances in the distribution networks. The present loads are sensitive and need to be protected by suitable compensating devices; owing to this power quality and its study have gained much attention of the researchers especially in developing countries like India. DSTATCOM is one such power conditioner used for improving PQ.

Keywords: POWER QUALITY, STATCOM, DSTATCOM.

Title: Improvement in Power Quality of Distribution System Using STATCOM

Author: Pushpa Chakravarty, Dr. A.K. Sharma

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: Drinking water is in very short supply in many regions of the world. Nigerians resort to wells or bore-holes as a source of water. Although ground water (depending on the depth) can be a source of "clean" water, this raw water should still be tested and ultimately treated prior to usage. Drinking water quality standard ensures the safety of the drinking water supplies and the protection of public health. aw samples of water were taken from the fifteen camps in the IDSL area of Gheleghele in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State for analysis, results are tabulated and discussed. The water from the camps borehole after analysis was observed not too bad and that it requires minimal treatment to meet with the recommended standard for drinking water.

Keywords: Drinking water, Samples, Analysis, Camps, IDSL.

Title: Water Analysis in Integrated Data Services Limited (IDSL) Camps in Parts of Gheleghele-Oredo LGA of Edo State

Author: Iyasele, J.U, David J. Idiata, D.J

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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