Vol 3 Issue 2 April 2015-June 2015

Abstract: Corrosion is more than just an inevitable natural process; it is also one of the most serious engineering problems in modern society. Losses incurred as a result of corrosion are estimated in billions of dollars each year. As an effort to combat these losses, technological options have to be exercised in order to provide protection against corrosion. The inhibition science has started in 1930's. This technology has changed and developed over the last decades. Several successful efforts have been made using corrosion inhibitors to overcome this serious problem.

Corrosion inhibitors are compounds used in low concentration to Slowdown or prevent the corrosion process. The effectiveness of an inhibitor depends on its ability to react with the surface of a metal to form a protective film; thereby reducing or providing protection against corrosion. The current inhibitors are toxic and expensive; therefore a new non-toxic and inexpensive materials or methods to reduce corrosion are needed. 

Keywords: Corrosion, natural inhibitor, industrial corrosion, corrosion prevention.

Title: Review of Corrosion Inhibitors for Industrial Applications

Author: S. A. Abo El-Enin, Ashraf Amin

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: An electro cardio gram (ECG) signal is a series of waves and deflections which represents the electrical activity of the heart over time. ECG signal can be contaminated by different forms of noises. These noises mislead the ECG annotators from accurate identification of the ECG signal features. Conventional filters are used to reduce the noise components in ECG signal from different unwanted frequency components. But this filtering process is not efficiently work on the contaminated ECG signals. In biomedical signals reduction of noise is difficult with the fixed coefficients filters, because these signals are random in nature and not exact known depending on the time. To overcome this type of problem we require an adaptive algorithm technique. In this paper we present improved Kalman filter developed with a state space model and autocorrelation least squares(ALS) technique to estimate the state variables, including the Gaussian noise approximation from the previous values of the original ECG signal. This filter enhances the quality of the ECG signal and shows the good convergence properties. The results have been concluded with the MIT-BIH arrhythmia data base and MATLAB software.

Keywords:  ECG signal, Gaussian noise, Adaptive algorithm, Kalman filter, SNR.

Title: Gaussian Noise Filtering From ECG Signal Using Improved Kalman Filter

Author: Venkata Rami Reddy .D, Abdul Rahim .B, Fahimuddin.Shaik

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: The object of this paper is to compare the five level three lags multilevel inverter with three level three lags multilevel inverter to control induction motor & reduce the Total harmonic distortion. The conventional two level inverter is not producing the high ac output voltage & also increases the higher torque pulsation, ripple factor, higher total harmonic distortion. The high AC output voltage, less torque pulsation, less ripple factor ,less total harmonic distortion is achieve with the help of multilevel inverter, so it is likely to raise the level of inverter. Filter is also play a vital role in reduction of Total harmonic distortion. Second order low pass filter & Lc filter are used in this project. Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation. Control scheme is proposed for 5 & 3 level 3 lags multilevel inverter. The simulation results shows that as level increases the efficiency of the system is also increases.

Keywords: Induction motor,5 level & 3 level multilevel inverter, THD,MOSFET, filter, Damping factor.

Title: Comparison Between Multilevel Inverter’s to Drive control & THD

Author: Sourabh Choudhary, Dr. Anurag Trivedi

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract:  Over the last few years a new area of engineering science has been established whose products are likely to create a large market in the near future. It has been called” biometrics”. The pioneers of this new domain intend to construct devices which would allow identification of a person on the basis of his/her ”biological” characteristics: voice, dynamics of movements, features of face and other parts of the body, retina or iris pattern. Nature has made human beings with different characteristics which may vary from one person to another. This property is made use of by Bio-metric technology to distinctly identify each person. The aim of this project is to build a multilevel security system using different bio-metric like voice, retina, fingerprint, chieloscopy, etc. Such kind of system is used only in highly secure places like defense, scientific laboratory. By integrating some of the bio metrics in our proposed system, the level of security will increase.

Keywords:  Cheiloscopy, Sulcilabiorum, Edge Detection, Feature Extraction.

Title: Evolution of Biometric System –Analytical Study between Chieloscopy, Finger Print and retina Scanning Evaluation

Author: Ms. Pranoti Surya Gad, Mr. Pritesh H. Gohil

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: In the past - 300ft Leg Jack-Up Rig predominantly used to Drill and Complete wells. In depleted phase currently, MH field is witnessing dominantly well work-over / repair scope to sustain production. Seabed inconsistencies caused by pug marks left by previous Jack-Up rigs and sea-bed pipe line network hinder Jack-Ups to approach platform and rework wells. Specificity of Jack-Up Rigs to approach Specific Platforms due to signature pug-marks left behind Increase in market demand for large Jack-Up rigs, increased day rates to very high levels. Above technical and economic compulsions drove decision making and acceptability to consider modular rigs over other alternatives.

In order to ensure optimum performance of your rig, reduce downtime and maintain safety of your personnel, planned maintenance and accurate inspections are essential. Drilling’s Rig Inspection Workshop (RIW) teaches the inspection and maintenance procedures required to ensure equipment integrity on land rigs, platform rigs and jack-up rigs. Candidates learn to implement the relevant standards and understand industry requirements so that they can verify the condition of a rig’s equipment and improve safety, thus reducing the number of accidents and protecting the asset.

Keywords: Comparing with Modular Rigs for Work-Over Operation.

Title: Efficiency of Time Comparing With Modular Rigs for Work-Over Operation

Author: Stalin Mark Fernandes, Sanjay Joshi, Mohammed Reza Mobaraki

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: The oil from jatropha is used as a diesel substitute studied from work. The esterification process is used on jatropha oil before mixing with pure diesel in the ratio of 10:90, 20:80 and 30:70 by volume. The properties, like physical and chemical, can be enhanced using plant oil. Compressed ignition engine was run at different Brake power (1, 2, 3,4kw) at a constant speed (1500 rpm) separately on each blend and also on pure diesel with injection pressure (198 bars). From experimental results, it is observed that 20% blend of oil used in engine for combustion shows closer performance to pure diesel. However jatropha oil at 20% blend with diesel gave best performance as compared to 10% blend and 30% blend in terms of emission of HC and CO. All the parameter tested viz., specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency improved. It can be revealed that 20% blend of jatropha oil with diesel can be used as a diesel substitute.

Keywords: Bio-diesel, Methyl Esters, Transestrification, engine performance, combustion characteristics.

Title: Experimental Analysis of Engine Performance & Emission Characteristics of Bio-Diesel

Author: Dilip Verma, Mohit Juneja, Akash M. Pillai, Aman Gupta, Anil Tyagi, Dilip Gautam, Diwakar Gaur

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: Wireless communication is one of the most demanding areas of the communication. It is the transfer of the user information between two points that are not physically connected. Quality of this transmission depends upon the number of errors at the receiver. There must be minimum number of errors. These errors are caused by interference between transmitted data. Multiple Input Multiple Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO OFDM) systems increase capacity of link to a great extent. Vertical Bell Labs Layered Space Time (VBLAST) associated with MIMO OFDM system increases the performance of system in terms of Bit error Rate (BER). It also reduces overall computational complexity at the receiver. Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) equalizer with VBLAST at the receiver increases performance of the system.

In this paper we present a review on performance of Vertical Bell Labs Layered Space Time architecture for different single antenna and multiple antenna Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing systems. We will study which antenna configuration provides minimum Bit Error Rate (BER).

Keywords: MIMO, OFDM, Equalizer, VBLAST, MMSE, BER, ISI, Fading.

Title: A Review on the Performance of MIMO OFDM Systems with VBLAST Technique

Author: Rupali Shrivastava, Mr.Virendra Verma

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: The upcoming H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video compression standard promises a significant improvement over all previous video compression standards. In terms of coding efficiency, the new standard is expected to provide at least 2x compression improvement over the best previous standards and substantial perceptual quality im-provements over both MPEG-2 and MPEG-4. Video encryption often requires that the scheme be time efficient to meet the requirement of real time and format compliance. It is not practical to encrypt the whole compressed video bitstream like what the traditional ciphers do because of the following two constraints, i.e., format compliance and computational cost. Alternatively, only a fraction of video data is encrypted to improve the efficiency while still achieving adequate security. The key issue is then how to select the sensitive data to encrypt. Iit is reasonable to encrypt both spatial information (IPMand residual data) and motion information (MVD) during H.264/AVC en-coding.

Keywords: Data Hiding in Encrypted, H.264/AVC Video Streams, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4.

Title: Data Hiding in Encrypted H.264/AVC Video Streams

Author: Arun Kumar Mogaparthi, Thirupathi Alle, Varun Anand, Akash Ramteke

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: Nowadays everywhere we are facing  problem of copyright through online or any other sites so to avoid copyright for specially video here is new method by using codeword mapping algorithm. Digital video sometimes needs to be stored and processed in an encrypted format to maintain security and privacy. For the purpose of content notation and/or tampering detection, it is necessary to perform data hiding in these encrypted videos. In this way, data hiding in encrypted domain without decryption preserves the confidentiality of the content. In this algorithm we are defined three different phases to protect from copyright , first one is we need  to take AVI video then encrypted using H.264/AVC encrypted scheme then second phase is we need to hide secret key to that encrypted video ,this will be done by authority person he will be not aware of the original video itself so here we can say video is secured ,after once secret key is inserted to encrypted video at receiver he can extract video by two method ,next comes in third phase first user can extract video then get back hidden key or first get hidden key then extract original video .This module will give very low encoding bit rate compare to other format and video quality will remain same at the receiver .we can apply this for any real time application where we need video security purpose like patient personal information can be secured in video and military purpose to send secret information through video.

Keywords: Data embedding, encrypted scheme, H.264/AVC, codeword mapping algorithm

Title: Digital Copyright Protection of H.264 Video and Encrypted Scheme

Author: Renuka, Thanuja E

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews    

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: This project work deals with the fabrication of steady-state parallel-plate thermal conductivity (PPTC) apparatus to determine the effective thermal conductivity of base fluid and nanofluids and to show the enhancement in the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids. A nanofluid is a fluid containing nanometer-sized particles called nanoparticles. These fluids are engineered colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in a base fluid. In this project water is taken as base fluid and nanoparticles of silver and graphene quantum dots are used to prepare nanofluids. The steady state PPTC apparatus consists of two square copper plate kept at a distance of 8mm in which the test fluid specimen is filled and the top plate is imbedded with a heater assembly. This creates a temperature difference which is measured by calibrated LM 35 temperature sensor imbedded in the parallel plates. This temperature difference is then used, along with the heating power, to calculate the thermal conductivity of the test fluid specimen using fourier’s law of heat conduction.

Keywords: Steady state parallel plate thermal conductivity (PPTC) apparatus, Nanofluid, Silver nanoparticle, Graphene quantum dots (GQD), Thermal conductivity.

Title: Heat Transfer in Nano Fluid

Author: Akash Kumar, Rajneesh Gautam, Abha Singh, Ajad Singh, Mr. Gaurav Jain

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: The Filler Reinforced composite material as an alternative to traditional material is becoming widespread. The Major technical advantages of these materials are low weight, High specific strength and stiffness, Environmental Resistance and long life when compared to metals, wood & Glass.  PVC is one of the composite material to manufacturing structural components such as House pipes, Bottle, Tanks, Automobile and Aerospace Parts etc.,, The main objective of this work is to determine the PVC Pipe lifespan. By adding CaCo3 filler in different compositions such as 12kg, 10kg, 8kg the specimens were fabricated and various tests like Tensile test, Impact test, Pressure test have been carried out. Finally Results are concluded by comparing actual composition filler material to varying composition filler material of PVC Pipe.

Keywords:  Extruder Machine, Cooling section, Automatic Cutter.

Title: An Experimental Analysis on the Effect of Filler Material (Caco3) On PVC Pipes

Author: G.Maruthi Prasad Yadav, G. Lokeswara Rao, M.Madduleti, H.Raghavendra, P.Anil Kumar, N. Shantha Kumar, K. Vijeyudu, M. Sreenivasulu Reddy, S. Phanindra Reddy, K.S.Md Yusuf

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews 

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: In recent years Device-to-Device (D2D) communications have become an attractive solution for enhancing the performance of traditional cellular networks, although the relevant security issues involved in D2D communications have not been fully addressed yet. In this work, I analyzed security requirements and challenges for D2D communications, and simulated a secure and efficient key agreement protocol, which enables two mobile devices to establish a shared secret key for D2D communications without prior knowledge based on the Diffie-Hellman key agreement protocol and commitment schemes. I present the design details and security analysis of the proposed protocol along with simulations.

Keywords: D2D Communications, MITMA, Diffie-Hellman, Commitment Schemes.

Title: Secure Key Establishment for Device-To-Device Communications among Mobile Devices

Author: Waleed Aldosari, Tarik El Taeib

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: The main aim of the engine designer, to achieve the twin goals of improved power output. There are two factors in the expression apart from number of cylinder and cubic capacity of the engine can increase the power output. The most important preferred method of increasing the power output is by means of increasing the mean effective pressure. This can be achieved by supplying air or air-fuel mixture at a pressure which is higher than the atmospheric pressure. This in turn will increase the power output of the engine. The turbocharger turbine, which consists of a turbine wheel and turbine housing, converts the engine exhaust gas into mechanical energy to drive the compressor. The gas, which is restricted by the turbine's flow cross-sectional area, results in a pressure and temperature drop between the inlet and outlet. This pressure drop is converted by the turbine into kinetic energy to drive the turbine wheel. In the present work, the natural aspiration and turbocharger provisions were made for experimental investigation. To calculate the efficiencies of the 4-stroke multi cylinder diesel engine with turbocharger by using load test, by increasing the load gradually (2kg, 4kg, 6kg, 8kg & 10kg) with the help of rope and brake drum loading system. Experimental tests provided a basis to design a control strategy able to meet general performance requirements. Finally from the experimental results shows that the performance of  turbocharger  is better than the natural aspiration and diesel is better than the biodiesel. The results of turbocharging  gives good performance characteristics.

Keywords: turbocharger, natural aspiration, diesel, bio- diesel, four stroke multi cylinder diesel engine

Title: Experimental Investigations on the Performance Parameters of 4-Stroke Multi Cylinder Diesel Engine by Using Diesel and Biodiesel with Turbocharger

Author: G Maruthi Prasad Yadav, H.Ranganna, H.Raghavendra, A.Siva Prasad, A.Siva, K.Sunil Kumar, K.Nagaraju, E.Shivashankar Goud

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews    

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: This review provides an important generalized scientific and historical review of the industrial process Article introduces the one of the most important aspects of chemistry and physics in petroleum industry – Cracking in ease and simple language with graphics and schemes.

Keywords: Cracking, Vladimir Shukhov, Baku, fractions, Arrhenius equation, catalyst.

Title: Chemical, Physical and Historical Exordium to Petroleum Cracking

Author: Yegana Mammadova

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: The investigation of the signal intensity and plasma temperature parameters involved with steel structures experiencing early stage rust are described. A simple laboratory set-up involving a ruby laser, mirror, focusing lens, collecting optics and a miniaturised spectrometer were used to conduct the experiments. The spectra from the first two shots on the rust steel sample correlates to that of the rust layers where Carbon (C) was the only sensitive element detected. However, the significant presence of C in subsequent shots could be as a result or a combination of: material alteration due to the rust layer, presence of the analyte line in both the layer and underlying bulk material; and residual rust particles still present in the crater or perimeter of the ablation region. Investigating the temperature parameter for both the rust layer and regular surface showed no significant distinction in the values.

Keywords: rust layer, parameter, Carbon

Title: Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Identification & Quantification of Elemental Composition of Steel Structures: A Study of Early Stage Rust Behaviour in Steel

Author: Osayuwamen Ogboghodo

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews    

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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