Vol 4 Issue 2 April 2016-June 2016

Abstract: this paper presents an embedded system based approach to implement the text to speech (TTS) with Smartphone App, to facilitate learning of Braille literacy system, aimed primarily at children between 4 and 7 years, taking into account physical and functional aspects that assure as comfort, inspiration, perpetuity and user-friendliness with Braille language. The device communicates wirelessly with a smartphone mobile, computer system and it is integrated with smartphone app and software that will be tutor, the output will be audible & embossing at user end (blind) and evaluating the blind entered text by generating a sound of right or wrong word. So speech synthesis and Text to speech is used for the system. Speech Synthesis is the simulation of the human speech. The design is based on electronic system with enhanced computing algorithm is known as speech synthesizer. The text from Smartphone APP is communicating to the Braille Display and Braille Piezo cells. The Text to Speech (TTS) allows the teacher to provide the braille code embossed over braille display and listening over the loudspeaker to the visual impaired persons. The aim is to make the teacher independent from the hardware and simple conversation from text to speech by using Smartphone app or Computer App. The system will be portable solution for visual impaired students. Keywords: Text to Speech, Smartphone App, Bluetooth, Wifi, Zigbee, Arduino, Braille Teacher. Title: Text to Speech Implementation of E-Braille Bench with Smartphone APP Author: Ravinder Pal Singh, Ajay Singh Rana, Monika Mehra, Dakshim Chhabra, Amit Dubey International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Previous studies show that a massive amount of energy is consumed by Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems, around 40% globally. In the UAE, the energy consumed by HVAC sometimes exceeds 60% of the total energy usage. Malfunctioning controls and a lack of regular maintenance schedules are the main reasons behind that. The malfunctioning plant and equipment require troubleshooting to ensure the desired cost-effective operation. This study investigates HVAC systems to increase their energy efficiency. Structures that maximise efficiency and operational controls can enhance the energy performance of buildings. This will maintain HVAC system design performance and reduce maintenance costs. The method for this study used the energy modelling process in order to simulate the operational faults of HVAC equipment using the Abu Dhabi Future Schools programme as a case study. In this process IESVE Software was used to run different models. The results illustrated that the overall power consumption was increased due to the operational faults of HVAC. This will help to develop performance indicators for HVAC systems in order to reduce the power consumption. Keywords: HVAC Systems, HVAC Maintenance Practices, HVAC system faults, High energy consumption, Conserving energy, HVAC System performance indicators, IESVE, Integrated Environmental Solutions (Virtual Environment), Abu Dhabi Future Schools. Title: Simulation of Operational Faults of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems Compromising Energy Consumption for Abu Dhabi Future Schools (ADFS) Author: Mohamed Hassan Salih Noureldin, Astuty Amrin, Shamsul Sarip, Ghalib Y. Khawaja, Abdul Grader Mahmoud International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The Biosensor is emerging technology in the field of BIOTECHNOLOGY. Biosensor consists of three electrodes namely working electrode, Reference Electrode and Counter Electrode. It consists of 4 openings namely WE, RE, CE and fourth opening for bulk solution. The biosensor which I used is electrochemical type. Electrochemical biosensors are potentiometric, voltametric and Amperometric biosensors. The output of Amperometric biosensor is purely current order of milliamperes. The reaction gets speeded up with the usage of a catalyst. The usage of Catalyst is to speed up the Biosensor reaction at ANODE and CATHODE .In this paper I am presenting Mobilization and Immobilization of Glucose oxidase powder which enhances the reaction. Keywords: Biosensor, Enzyme, Mobilization, Immobilization. Title: Biosensors-Mobilization and Immobilization GODx Catalyst in H2SO4 and TiO2 Bulk Solution Author: K.KALYAN BABU International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The present paper focuses on Experimental analysis of heat transfer and experimental investigation of Heat Transfer enhancement through circular duct of aluminium and carbon steel using internal threads of pitch 5 mm and 10 mm with air as the working fluid. The experimental data obtained were compared with those obtained from plain duct.The effects of internal threads of varying depth on heat transfer and friction factor were presented for different metal (aluminium and carbon steel) as test metals. The heat transfer coefficient enhancement for internal threads is higher than that for plain duct for a given Reynolds number. The use of internal threads improved the performance of circular duct. Keywords: compare heat transfer enhancement, carbon steel duct, and internal threads. Title: Comparative Analysis of Convective Heat Transfer Enhancement in Different Metal Ducts with Internal Threads Author: Asma Qureshi, Sanjay Dwivedi International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The present paper focuses on Experimental analysis of heat transfer and experimental investigation of Heat Transfer enhancement through circular duct of carbon steel using internal threads of pitch 5 mm and 10 mm with air as the working fluid. The transitional flow regime is selected for this study with the Reynolds number range 7,000 to 14,000. The duct was subjected to constant and uniform heat flux. The experimental data obtained were compared with those obtained from plain duct. The effects of internal threads of varying depth on heat transfer and friction factor were presented. Based on the same pumping power consumption, the duct with internal threads possesses the highest performance factors for turbulent flow. The heat transfer coefficient enhancement for internal threads is higher than that for plain duct for a given Reynolds number. The use of internal threads improved the performance of circular duct. Keywords: heat transfer enhancement, carbon steel duct, internal threads. Title: Experimental Investigation on Convective Heat Transfer Analysis in the Carbon steel Circular Tube with Internal Threads Author: Asma Qureshi, Sanjay Dwivedi International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This research study focuses on performance of SFRC filled GFRP tubes under axial compression and their composite behaviour. The main objective is to study the behaviour that various with parameters including grade of concrete, corner radius, thickness of the tube and cross section. The SFRC filled GFRP tubes were simulated choosing square and rectangular cross section areas of 133*133mm and 150*118mm having tube thickness 3 and 4mm with corner radius 10, 15 and 20mm. In order to obtain the good composite action the concrete with the compressive strength of 30N/mm2, 40N/mm2 and 50N/mm2 would be used. The height of the sections is chosen as 266 and 300 mm. The aspect ratio (H/D) was confined to two. The volumetric fraction of steel fibre used is 0.5%. The pultruded GFRP tubes would be used and the fibre orientation would be + 90°.3D model of the specimens is created and simulated using finite element software ANSYS. A new confinement model of 36 specimens are analysed in ANSYS and the results are tabulated. The ultimate loading capacity of the concrete filled rectangular GFRP tubes was arrived using the codal provisions available in ACI Code (ACI committee 440, 2R-08). Keywords: SFRC, GFRP, FEA, compression, concrete. Title: Analysis of Axial Compressive Behaviour of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Filled Square and Rectangular Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Tubes Author: G. Lavanya International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Conductometric measurements were made on gadolinium caprylate and laurate in 50% benzene-50% dimethylformamide mixture (V/V),to determine the critical micellar concentration (CMC) , limiting molar coductance at infinite dilution, degree of dissociation , dissociation constant and free energy change for dissociation and micellization process . The conductivity results showed that gadolinium soaps behave as weak electrolyte in dilute solutions below the CMC and Debye-Huckel-Onsager’s equation is not applicable to these soaps solutions. The micellization process of these Soaps Has Been Found To Be Predominant Over The Dissociation Process. Keywords: Micelles, Critical micellar concentration, Conductance, Dissociation constant. Title: Conductometric And Thermodynamic Studies On Gadolinium Tri-Soaps In Benzene-Dimethylformamide Mixture Author: Seema Agrawal, S.K. Upadhayaya International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The study examined the distribution patterns of Zebra Crossing and Bus-stop shelter in the area. It also assessed the compliance of the people to the use of these life-saving facilities within the area. These were with the view to determining adherences to traffic regulations in the area. Primary and secondary data were used for the study. The primary data were derived through extensive field work/ground truthing with the use of a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver used to capture the coordinates of locations of these life-saving facilities on the roads. This was in order to locate the ground verification points on the satellite image and for further incorporation of the life-saving facilities on the ground. One hundred and fifty (150) copies of questionnaire were administered in five motor parks selected within the metropolis using simple random sampling technique. Secondary data were Google Earth imageries and relevant information from published books/ articles. Questionnaire data were analysed using frequency distribution and spatial data were analysed using spatial query. The study identified various locations of zebra crossing, bus-stop shelters, and distribution pattern as well as compliance rate of the people in the study area. The study therefore recommended among others on how to enforce compliance and concluded that distributions of Zebra Crossing and Bus-stop shelter and its compliance are not in adherence with traffic regulations in the study area. Keywords: Geo-spatial Analysis, Zebra Crossings, Bus-stop shelter. Title: Geo-Spatial Analysis of Zebra Crossings and Bus-Stop Shelters on Road Networks in Akure Metropolis Ondo State, Nigeria Author: Ogunyemi, Omotayo F., Afolayan, Taiwo S. International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: In this study, an examination was carried out to ascertain pipe-borne water quality in Ikwuano, Abia state. Eight(8) water samples were collected from selected locations in Ikwuano so as to investigate their physiochemical and biological properties. The following parameters were studied; Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Chloride, Alkalinity, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Sulphate, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Temperature, Salinity, pH, Turbidity, Acidity, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Colour, Total Coliform Count (TCC), Streptococcus (STC), Total Viable Bacteria Count (TVB) and Escherichia Coli Count (ECC). The results of the parameters were checked with both global and local standards for drinking water quality so as know its level of conformity with the standards. The results indicated that the water from the selected boreholes was fit for human consumption as evidenced by its conformity with the stipulated standards. However, pH adjustment of the following water samples is recommended;PB1, PB5, PB6 and PB7 so as to make it alkaline. Keywords: Ikwuano, pH adjustment, physiochemical parameters, biological parameters, standards. Title: Qualitative Study of Pipe-Borne Water from Selected Locations in Ikwuano, Abia State Nigeria Author: E. I. Ugwu, B. O. Chimah, E. L. Ikechukwu International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) is a 500MWe pool type, sodium-cooled nuclear reactor, which is presently in an advanced stage of construction. The boundaries of sodium systems of Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor is designed so as to have an extremely low probability of leakage, rapidly propagating failure and rupture under the static & dynamic loads expected during various operating conditions. The degradation of material properties (e.g. effect of sodium, temperature and irradiation), transients, residual stresses, flaw size etc. are the important considerations, which were taken into account. Austenitic stainless steels of grade 316LN were used as major structural materials for the primary and secondary sodium systems of PFBR. Versatile types of systems and varieties of components with complex constructional features require diversities in welding and fabrication processes for the PFBR components. The quantum of welding and fabrication too are fairly large for the large reactor equipment of PFBR. High operating temperature of various systems causing high stresses are minimized by designing thin walled structure. Most of the Nuclear Steam Supply System (NSSS) components are thin walled and require manufacturing in separate nuclear clean halls to achieve high levels of quality. High distortion in stainless steels due to high thermal expansion and low thermal conductivity offers challenge to the fabricators to achieve stringent tolerance in large size PFBR components. The welding standards and acceptance criteria of PFBR equipment are more stringent compared to ASME/other International standards. Various control measures and quality assurance are instituted for reactor equipment during each and every stage of raw material procurement, welding, fabrication, non-destructive examinations, testing, handling, erection and post erection preservation to ensure high degree of reliability against failure for the design service life of 40 years. This paper highlights the challenges involved in welding and fabrication of few of critical nuclear reactor equipment/systems of 500MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor. Keywords: Quality Management, Welding, Non-destructive examination, Sodium systems. Title: Quality Management during Manufacture of Block Pile Components for 500MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor Author: R.G. Rangasamy, Prabhat Kumar International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: A Mathematical model and its analytical solution that can predict the spread of crude oil spill slicks in the Niger Delta coastal line is presented. This model considers the spreading in the regime when the inertial and viscous forces counterbalance gravity and takes into account the strong effects of winds and water currents. The effective wind velocity and direction of the oil slick is resolved by the application of trigonometric principles. By applying tidal and wind velocity principle to Abowei’s equation, the developed model is simulated. The knowledge of the trajectory followed by an oil slick spilled on the coastal line is valuable in the estimation of potential risks and in combating the pollution using floating barriers, detergents, etc. In order to estimate these slicks trajectories an improved model, based on mass and momentum conservation equations is needed. Keywords: Spreading; Oil spill; Niger delta; Oil pollution; coastal line; wind velocity; Oil properties. Title: An Improved Model for the Spread of Crude Oil Spill on Water, (A Case Study of Niger Delta Coastal Line) Author: J.O.C. Eluma, K.O. Okpala, E.E. Effiong, O.E. Onyelucheya International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research publish journals

Abstract: The gas turbine cycle has various uses in the present scenario. The gas turbines are mainly used for power generation in power plants. The gas turbine cycle is based on Brayton cycle. In the present work the parametric study of a gas turbine cycle model power plant with use of intercooler is proposed. The thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption and net power output are simulating with respect to the temperature limits and compressor pressure ratio for a typical set of operating conditions. Simple gas turbine cycle calculations with realistic parameters are made and it confirms that increasing the turbine inlet temperature no longer means an increase in cycle efficiency, but increases the work done. The analytical study is done to investigate the performance improvement of gas turbine by the use of intercooler. The analytical formula for specific work and thermal efficiency are derived and analysed. The simulation results shows that decreasing the ambient temperature and increasing the pressure ratio can improve the performance of the intercooled gas turbine cycle further. The increase in ambient temperature cause decrease thermal efficiency, but the increase in turbine inlet temperature increases the thermal efficiency. Keywords: Gas Turbine; Breton Cycle; Intercooler; Thermal Efficiency; Specific Fuel Consumption; Compressor. Title: Numerical Analysis for the Prediction on the Effect of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Using Inter Cooler Author: SARATH RAJ, ARUN RAJ, ARUN RAJ C.S, AKHIL K SUNIL, ANOOP.U, SAJIN.S International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Various sources and types of renewable energy used in developed countries are stated, briefly discussed and their availability in Nigeria considered. Most of world developed economies survive mainly on the consumption of biomass, hydroelectric power, natural gas, crude oil, geothermal heat and other renewable energies. Hence this work explores the energy potentials Nigeria possesses as a country which are readily available for solving her perennial national power problems. Attention is also paid to the impedances associated with effective use of renewable energy in boosting the Nigerian economy and ways of ameliorating such bottlenecks. A mixed research methodology was adopted in gathering and analysing data obtained from government parastatals and questionnaires given out to Nigerians in the six geopolitical zones to sample their opinions about national power situation. Graphs, tables and charts were employed in analysis and results discussed. A conclusion is finally presented which shows that Nigeria has the potentials to solve her energy problems as one of the ways of encouraging national development. Keywords: Renewable, Energy, Production, Consumption, Potentials, Power, Analysis, Mixed methodology, Questionnaires, Graphs, Tables, Charts. Title: Analysis of Renewable Energy Potentials in Nigeria for National Development Author: Emmanuel Obinna Okeke International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This project “Real Time Based Driver’s Safeguard System by Analyzing Human Physiological signal” is used to reduce the accidents and death rate which is done by the drunk and driving persons and also by the drowsy persons. When a car’s battery is switched ON, then the alcohol sensor also gets ON. Then it senses the persons current state; if the person hasn’t drunk then the car engine gets ON or else the car wont gets ON. Some may drink alcohol while driving; the alcohol sensor will be in ON condition until the car’s battery is switched OFF. While the alcohol sensor senses that person is drinking alcohol while driving then the car speed will be reduced to 10KM/S using the level sensor and the parking lights start glowing and the car steering is controlled automatically and the car is brought to left for some particular angle and then the car gets OFF. At the same time using GPS and GSM the car’s longitude and latitude is sent to the police station. When a person gets heart attack suddenly while driving then he presses an emergency button then the ECG sensor is unlocked and the heart beatings are sensed and converted those signals into Radio Frequency and sent to the controller. At the same time using GPS and GSM the car’s longitude and latitude is sent to the police station and to the Hospital at the same time parking lights start glowing and the car speed will be reduced to 10KM/S using the level sensor and the car steering is controlled automatically and the car is brought to left for some particular angle and the car gets OFF. Based on the heart beatings value the controller sends a reply signal to the Adriano board which is present inside the car. Based on that signals value the Adriano board gets some voltage from battery and convert it to AC and then amplifies it and sent to the patient’s heart using the electrodes which is placed along with the ECG sensor. This is because to maintain the heart rate upto a level until the ambulance comes. Keywords: Analyzing Human Physiological signal, Real Time Based Driver’s Safeguard System, car steering is controlled automatically. Title: Real Time Based Driver's Safeguard System by Analyzing Human Physiological Signal Author: R.Jashwanth, S.A.Riyas Ahasmed, R.Prem Kumar International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The rapidly advancing mobile communication technology and the decrease in costs make it possible to incorporate mobile technology into home. This project proposed an embedded system for automatic control of irrigation. This paper on “FARMER ALERT SYSTEM” gives an elaborate view and understanding of the project design and functioning. The paper is divided into parts for explaining the step by step development of the project. For farmers irrigating crops with the exactly right amount of water is a tedious task, especially when they have to walk a long distance to the irrigation pump in the mid-night to check whether any problem has occurred. Therefore we are trying to make a system which would remotely turn on and off the irrigation motor, detect jamming of the motor and immediately shut it down, send back a message to operator, if an error has occurred. GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) is used for the communication with the user. Keywords: Android, GSM module, MCB, microcontroller, regulated power supply, SMS. Title: Farmer Alert System Author: Michelle Araujo e Viegas, Munni Kumari, Narender Yadav, Shruti Mardolkar International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews ISSN 2348-697X (Online) Research Publish Journals