Vol 2 Issue 4 October 2014-December 2014

Abstract: In this paper we are discussing about the Wind Tunnel and its types. The Wind Tunnel Testing Machine is used in Aerodynamic research to study the effects of Air moving past to the solid objects. This paper we discuss the Drag force analysis of car by using low speed wind tunnel. In the testing we use the pitot tube, manometer and solid object (airfoil). Solid object is representing the original shape of the object. The testing chamber is main part of wind tunnel. We calculate the velocity of fluid and drag & lift forces. It is use to experimental analysis of object. Experiment conducted after build to find drag coefficient of a shape. An impression of fluid field flow around a shape is using air. 

Keywords: Open Circuit Wind Tunnel, Single Testing Section, airfoil analysis, drag &lift forces.

Title: Drag Force Analysis of Car by Using Low Speed Wind Tunnel

Author: Ashfaque Ansari, Rana Manoj Mourya

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: These Nanocomposites are synthesized by Sol-gel process named as Alumina and copper Alumina. They are calcined at 600⁰C. In this High energy ball milling and High temperature sintering process was introduced for these calcined composites. XRD and SEM images are obtained for them to characterize. After the High Energy Ball Milling process the same samples are sintered at 300⁰C and obtained XRD and FTIR images to calculate crystalline size and lattice strain (%). The other process via sol-gel was sintered at 1000⁰C and characterized by XRD and FTIR techniques. The following conclusions were drawn as HEBM is not suitable to form a HEBM is not suitable to form a crystalline phase whereas low temperature sintering after milling is favoured for crystalline phase for both pure Alumina and Copper Alumina Nanocomposites. High temperature sintering is also a possible technique for the formation of pure alumina and copper aluminate nanocomposite CuAl2O4 spinel form is obtained.

Keywords: Sol-Gel method, XRD, SEM, FTIR, Nanocomposites, HEBM, Sintering.

Title: Studies on Hebm and Sintering Process via Sol-Gel Method on Alumina and Copper Alumina Nanocomposites

Author: P Murali, Dr. G V S Sarma

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: These Nan composites are synthesized by Sol-Gel process named as Nickel-Alumina and Zinc-Alumina. They are calcined and sintered with high temperatures at 1000^⁰C and are characterized by XRD and FTIR techniques to calculate crystalline size and lattice strain %. The following conclusions are drawn: Sol-Gel process via high temperature sintering methods is favourable for crystalline phase for both nickel and Zinc-Alumina and the sintering temperature supports the formation of MAl₂O₄ spinal Aluminates bulk Phases(M= Ni, Zn ).

Keywords: Characterization of Nickel, Zinc Substituted Alumina.

Title: Synthesis and Characterization of Nickel and Zinc Substituted Alumina

Author: P Murali, Dr G V S Sarma

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: Grinding interproximal tooth surfaces to reduce tooth size is a common procedure in orthodontics. Several procedures are used in daily orthodontic to perform precise interdental stripping as part of the treatment plan. Reduction of enamel can be achieved with hand-held or motor-driven abrasive strips but also with disks or burs mounted on a hand piece nowadays ARS (AIROTOR STRIPPING) are most commonly used. A great deal of clinical evidence and reported data suggest that the burs used to reduce interproximal enamel create furrows and scratches that can lead to carious lesions, periodontal disease, and oversensitivity to extreme temperatures. So in this vitro study we compared manual and ARS stripping technique to find out which technique is less damage to the enamel surface with SEM evaluation. The purpose of this SEM investigation was to evaluate the morphologic effects of different enamel stripping techniques and of various polishing procedures.

Title: Manual vs Air Rotor Stripping “Just Do It with Care”- SEM Evaluation

Author: Dr. Laxit Shah, Dr. Hina Desai, Dr. Padmja Arora, Dr. Nikunj Patel, Dr. Viral Harsora

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: In other to solve the problems posed by corrosion of materials used in our daily activities, gravimetric technique has been used to study the adsorption of Palisota hirsute, an eco-friendly inhibitor, on and corrosion inhibition of aluminium alloy AA3003 in 0.25 M KOH environment at 303 K. Results obtained showed that the leaf extract functioned as an effective inhibitor in the alkaline medium with inhibition efficiency on the increase with increased concentration of the inhibitor in the medium getting up to 86.21% for 0.5 g/L of the inhibitor in the medium. Values of Gibbs free energy (ΔG°ads) gotten implied that the adsorption reaction was a mixed reaction and was spontaneously adsorbed on the aluminium alloy steel.

Keyword: Aluminium alloy, eco-friendly, Gibbs free energy, Palisota hirsute

Title: Corrosion Inhibition Study of Aluminum Alloy AA3003 in Alkaline Medium by Palisota Hirsute Extract

Author: Nnanna Lebe A., John Wisdom O., Nwadiuko Onyinyechi

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews    

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: Phishing is the combination of social engineering and technical exploits designed to convince a victim to provide personal information, usually for the economic gain of the attacker. Phishing emails contains messages to attract victims into performing certain actions, such as checking the URL where a phishing website is hosted and executing a malware code for future use. Phishing has become the most popular practice among the criminals of the Web. Phishing is a continual threat that keeps growing to this day. URL and textual content analysis of email will results in a highly accurate anti phishing email classifier and prevention of them. We will propose a technique where we consider the advantages of blacklist, white list and combination of both that means heuristic technique for increasing accuracy and reducing false positive rate as well as true negative rate. In heuristic technique we are using textual analysis and URL analysis of e-mail and domine analysis.. Since most of the phishing mails have similar contents, our proposed method Bait Alarm will increase the performance by analysing textual contents of email and lexical contains of URL analysis. It will detect phishing mail if DNS is present in black list and If DNS is present in white list then it is considered as authorized DNS. If it is not present in white list as well as blacklist then it is analyzed by using pattern matching with existing phishing DNS test and contents found in email and analysis of actual URL analysis. With the help white list and black list we are avoiding detection time for phishing and authorized email. At the same time we are decreasing false positive rate by combining features of DNS, pattern matching, textual content analysis of email and URL analysis.

Keyword: Anti-phishing, Network Security, Hyperlink, iFrame, Phishing, URLObfus-cation.

Title: Bait Alarm: Anti-Phishing Using Visual Similarities

Author:  Anuja Salve, Manisha Salgar, Akshata Sarode, Trushali Sardal, Prof. Archana Said

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews    

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: In tire industries the formation of rubber is an important aspect for the manufacturing of tire. This formation is done in the Banbury mixer by adding various different compounds in the rubber. The rubber initially cut in the required proportion by Bale cutter and processed in the mixer. After process Rubber forwarded to the hot extruder and cold extruder for the formation of tread, bead, sidewall, ply etc. In this paper i have completely reviewed the formation of master and final rubber also discussed about the importance of compound added in the mixing of rubber.

Keywords: Mixing process, compound adding, Master rubber formation, final rubber formation, and Bale cutter.

Title: A Review on Rubber Compound Mixing In Banbury Mixer at Tire Industries

Author: Sharma Anil R

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: Polymer optical fibre is an optical fiber which is made out of plastic. Traditionally PMMA (acrylic) is the core material, and fluorinated polymers are the cladding material. Since the late 1990s however, much higher-performance POF based on perfluorinated polymers (mainly polyperfluorobutenylvinylether) has begun to appear in the marketplace.POF has been called the "consumer" optical fiber because the fiber and associated optical links, connectors, and installation are all inexpensive. Polymer fibers are commonly used for much higher-speed applications such as data center wiring and building LAN wiring.In relation to the future request of high-speed home networking, there has been an increasing interest in POF as a possible option for next-generation Gigabit/s links inside the house. Although the actual cost of glass fibers are lower than plastic fiber, their installed cost is much higher due to the special handling and installation techniques required.

Keywords: Plastic optical Fiber PMMA, LAN connection, Fluorinated Polymer.

Title: Plastic Optical Fiber

Author: Dr. P.V.Thorat, Miss. Sandhya Warulkar, Miss. P.A.Thombre

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: nowadays, mobile security has become increasingly important in mobile computing. Mobile devices like pda, mobile phones etc are vulnerable to theft because of their small size. So a simple and convenient authentication system is required to protect private information stored in the mobile devices. This paper proposes a biometric authentication method using face and teeth modalities for mobile devices. Image based authentication is performed based on the embedded hidden markov model algorithm. Scores obtained from multiple modalities are integrated into a single score. Based on the fused score the person is accepted or rejected.

Keywords:  Biometric traits, Embedded Hidden Markov Model, Image Authentication, Lighting effects.

Title: Face Recognition for Security System with the Removal of Lighting Effects

Author: Ashly Mathew, Somy P Mathew

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: Variable digital filters (VDF) are the digital filters that are used in most signal processing applications whose frequency specifications such as cut-off frequency can be controlled. The warped filters, obtained by replacing each unit delay of a digital filter with an all-pass filter, are widely used for various audio processing applications such as linear prediction, echo cancellation, loudspeaker equalization, spectrally modifying an audio signal and detection of band pass signals in broadband signals. However, warped filters require first-order all-pass transformation to obtain variable low-pass or high-pass responses, and second-order all-pass transformation to obtain variable bandpass or bandstop responses. To overcome this we design a Digital Warped filter.

Title: An Improved Coefficient Decimation Based Reconfigurable Low Complexity Wrapped Filter Implementation,

Author: Suresh Babu, Mrs.S.T.Aarthy

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: Today, people are more concerned about home automation which is the residential extension of "building automation". A home appliances control system integrates control of many electrical devices in a house with a single control. With the invention of the microcontroller, the cost of electronic control can be reduced rapidly. Remote and intelligent control technologies can be adopted as they offer the end user easily accessible and/or greater control of home appliances. The aim of this project is to build home appliances control system such as the controlling brightness of lamps and speed of fans at lowest prices using PSoC CY8C38KIT development kit by ‘Cypress Semiconductors’. Proposed system includes wired control of lighting with various degrees of intelligence and automation which also provides greater degree of comfort, ease and energy efficiency.

Keywords: Maximum Power Point Tracking, Sun Tracking, Battery Health Management, Monitoring, Overall System Design.

Title: An Approach to Implement Lamp Dimmer System Using PSoC 3

Author: Madhura Mohan Arole, Dr. Gengaje S.R

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: In steel industries the hot rolled steel coil requires pre-treatment before undergoing various other processes like cold rolling, galvanising etc. This pre-treatment is aimed to remove various oxide layers, rust or scale and other impurities from the steel surface by passing the work piece through the vat of pickle liquor. The pickling process generates large amount of pickling sludge which contains acidic rinse water, dissolved metal salts of iron, iron chloride, zinc and waste acid. The spent pickle liquor is considered a hazardous waste as per Indian Standards. In this paper we have completely reviewed the treatment of stainless steel, also discussed about the traditional methods for treatment of spent pickle liquor, regeneration of acid and utilization of waste sludge.

Keywords: Pickling process, acid regeneration, traditional treatment methods, pyrohydrolysis, neutralization, diffusion dialysis.

Title: A Review on Regeneration Process of Waste Pickling Acid at Steel Industries

Author: Aditya Agrawal, Navneet Naman, Sanjeev Kumar Dubey

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: Thousands of plastic factories are producing tons of plastic bags which are very popularly used by the people for shopping purposes because of its ease, cheapness and convenience of use but their very hazardous negative impact is never highlighted or, at the very least, openly discussed in a more serious tone. The situation is worsened in Yemen as economically disadvantaged country. Many countries have banned plastic bags due to public concern over the serious negative impact on the environment and agriculture, especially, in agricultural countries, such as Yemen, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, South Africa, etc. In this research paper, we surveyed the field for the city of Sana'a and recorded of the where about of those plastic bags accumulated.

The number of factories producing plastic bags and discuss the causes and effects and reviewed a range of solutions for a clean environment for us and our future generations. The isolated microbial strains were identified based on their cultural morphological and biochemical study.

Keywords: Pollution of the environment, city of Sana’a, plastic factories, Plastic bags,, impact on agriculture, non-biodegradable, alternatives to plastic bags.

Title: The Impact of Plastic Bags on the Environment: A field Survey of the City Of Sana'a And The Surrounding Areas, Yemen

Author: Riyad. Moharam, Maher Ali. Al. Maqtari

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: Visual cryptography is a secret sharing scheme which uses images distributed as shares such that, when the shares are superimposed, a hidden secret image is revealed. In extended visual cryptography, the share images are constructed to contain meaningful cover images, thereby providing opportunities for integrating visual cryptography and biometric security techniques. In this paper, we propose a method for processing halftone images that improves the quality of the share images and the recovered secret image in an extended visual cryptography scheme for which the size of the share images and the recovered image is the same as for the original halftone secret image. The resulting scheme maintains the perfect security of the original extended visual cryptography approach. It is another form of cryptography in which secret communication is done in the form of images. This can be used to protect the biometric templates in which the decryption doesn’t require any complex computations; it is done by human visual system. Using this visual cryptography the biometric data capture from the authorized user. This original image is divided into two shares .Each share stored in two different databases. When both images are simultaneously available then only we can get the original image. The individual share do not reveal any information about the original image.

Keywords:  cryptography, image processing, visual cryptography, secret sharing.

Title: Technique for Halftone Images without Pixel Expansion Using an Extended Visual Crygraphy Scheme

Author: Vidya Mahadik, Rani Sangale, Pooja Murame, Prof.Deepali Ahir

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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Abstract: A new simple and quick geophysical method for groundwater exploration in the crystalline rocks of Tudun Wada Kano State, Nigeria has been developed. A geophysical evaluation using Electrical Resistivity method for groundwater exploration at the study area was carried out which involved the utilization of Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) technique with schlumberger array system. The study area is located within the sedimentary rocks, igneous, and metamorphic with alluvial as common types of rocks. The data acquired from six (6) VES stations using ABEM terrameter (SAS 300) was tabulated in a table which shows the resistivity, the thicknesses and the number of layers for each VES station. The data was analyzed using computer software called IPI2win, which yield an automatic interpretation of the apparent resistivity. The VES results revealed heterogeneous nature of the subsurface geological sequence. The geological profile sequence in the study area include the topsoil, weathered layer, fractured basement and fresh basement. The value for topsoil ranges from 16Ωm to 550Ωm with thickness varies from 1.45m to 6.05m. The weathered layer resistivity ranges from 14Ωm to 541Ωm and thickness of 5.70m to 33.00m. The fractured basement ranges in value from 189Ωm to 785Ωm with thickness ranges from 11m to 20m. The fresh or bedrock basement has a resistivity of 1011Ωm to 3006Ωm which move down infinitely.  Therefore the depth of the bedrock from the topsoil or earth’s surface ranges from 2m to 45m.

Keywords: Groundwater, sedimentary terrain, Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), topsoil, weathered basement, fractured basement, and fresh basement.

Title: The Application of Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) For Groundwater Exploration in Tudun Wada Kano State, Nigeria

Author: Musa G. Abdullahi, Mohd E. Toriman, Mohd Barzani Gasim

International Journal of Engineering Research and Reviews

ISSN 2348-697X (Online)

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