Vol 3 Issue 1 April 2015-September 2015

Abstract: The discovery that oxidative stress plays a central role in the development and progression of Diabetes along with its complications is well established. Diabetes, group of disorders attributed to hyperglycaemia with abnormal lipid metabolism remains one of the leading cause of mortality throughout the world. Vitamin E is undoubtly an effective antioxidant which assist the body in scavenging free radicals thereby alleviating oxidative stress. The present study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of vitamin E in Streptozocin induced Diabetic Albino rats treated with watermelon methanolic seed extracts. In this study, twenty five albino rats weighing averagely 150g were randomly divided into five groups of five rat each (n=5). Group A= Non Diabetic control; Group B= Diabetic control; Group C, D and E = Diabetic treated with 50mg, 100mg and 200mg of watermelon seed extracts respectively. The rats were housed in a healthy condition for a period of a week to acclimatize before the commencement of the experiments, food and water ad libitum. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitonial injection of 60mglkg body weight. Vitamin E levels were determined using method Neil and Pearson (1967) after 28 day treatment. The results indicates that serum vitamin E were significantly reduced (P<0.005) in diabetic group when compared to those treated with (100mg, 200mg of extracts) and control group. In conclusion, there were significantly lower serum vitamin E levels in streptozocin induced diabetic rats, a signal that diabetics are more prone to oxidative stress.

Keywords: Diabetes, Vitamin E, Watermelon seed extract Free radicals, Antioxidants.

Title: Serum levels of Vitamin E in Streptozin-Induced Diabetic Rats Treated with Watermelon Methanolic Seed Extracts

Author: Muhammad, Y., Zainab, A.D., Bukoye, A. O, Ibrahim, M.K, U. Wali, Yeldu, M.H, Muhammad, Y., Ahmad, MB

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Intertrochanteric fractures of femur are the most frequently operated fracture types, have the highest postoperatively fatality rate of surgically treated fractures, and have become a serious health resource issue due to high cost of care required after injury. Multiple modalities of surgical treatment are available, since the fracture patterns are not uniform and the morphology of femur has significant variations. Using reconstruction nail [proximal femoral nail] for fracture fixation, improved mobility, less blood loss was noted in among these patients.

Objective: To access the functional outcome of unstable comminuted intertrochanteric fractures of femur managed surgically using proximal femoral nailing.

Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study, conducted among 25 patients with comminuted proximal femoral fractures in the age group of 50 to 75 years.  Period of study was from June 2013 to November 2014. Patients were drawn into the study from both elective and emergency groups presenting to the department of orthopedics, Father Muller Medical College Hospital, during the above mentioned period. The data was collected by interview, by analyzing case papers. Patients were followed up at intervals of 6th week, 12th week and 6 months post operatively.   The outcome was assessed based on post-operative pain, return to activities of daily living, shortening of limb, range of movements, neck shaft angle, radiological union and implant position.

Results: 80% of patients have minimal pain at 12th month of follow up, following surgery.  84% of patients returns to their pre injury status in terms of daily routine activities. Only one patient showed limb shorteing of around 2 cm. 10 % of non-union noted following intramedullary fixation. Based on the kyle’s criteria 70% of patients showed excellent results.

Conclusion: Achieving adequate fracture reduction and anatomical reconstruction is vital in attaining good outcome. However appropriate fixation device has to be selected based on the fracture pattern. Patients treated by proximal femoral nailing gained better range of movements. Majority of the fractures in which near normal anatomical reconstruction was done achieved union.

Keywords: Intertrochanteric fractures, Proximal femoral nail, Non-union.

Title: Functional Outcome of Comminuted Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur Internally Fixed Using Proximal Femoral Nail

Author: Dr. Rohit Jhamnani, Dr. Ronald JM, Dr. Harsharaj K

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Haemopoietic effects of crude methanolic extract of Dacryodes edulis (D. edulis) seeds was investigated in Wistar rats. Wistar rats (n=28), were grouped into 4 of 7 rats per group, labeled A-D. Groups A-C were orally administered with graded-doses of the extract (A=100, B=200 and C=300) mg/kg bodyweight respectively daily for 30 days. Group D served as control. Blood samples (2.0 ml) were collected from each rat through the retro orbital plexus of the median canthus into K3-EDTA containers for haematological analysis. The results revealed significantly decreased mean Hemoglobin (Hb) [g/dl]: (A=11.2±1.2, B=11.9±1.9, C=10.8±1.0), Haematocrit (Hct) [L/L]: (A=0.32±0.02, B=0.33±0.03, C=0.31±0.04) and significantly increased mean Total WBC (TWBC) [x109/l]: (A=6.55±0.2, B=7.73±0.43, C=8.10±0.35) and platelets [x109/l]: (A=961.67±11.2, B=988.55±23.8, C=1009.35±15.3) compared to control (Hb=15.4±1.3g/dl, Hct=0.43±0.03L/L, TWBC=4.85±0.15 x109/l, Platelet=570.25±10.1x109/l, (P=0.05). This study revealed decreased Hb and Hct and increased TWBC and platelets after oral administration of graded-doses of D. edulis seeds extract in Wistar rats.

Keywords: Haemopoietic, Dacryodes edulis, Graded-doses, Oral, Wistar rats.

Title: Potential Haemopoietic Effects of Dacryodes Edulis Seeds Extract in Wistar Rats

Author: Silas Ufelle, Ernest Ukaejiofo, Peter Achukwu, Blessing Eluke, Samuel Ghasi, Emeka Neboh

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Diabetes Mellitus is fast gaining the status of a potential epidemic in India with more than 62 million diabetic individuals currently diagnosed with the disease. A high prevalence of low serum testosterone (LST) and hypogonadism(HG) in men with type 2 diabetes have been reported worldwide.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of androgen deficiency and hypogonadism and their relation to associated complications of T2DM.

Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted among 50 men (aged 30-60 years) with type 2 diabetes who consecutively attended endocrine OPD at Father Muller Medical College Hospital Mangalore, between August 2013 and February 2015. The patients’ demographic characteristics were collected using a basic questionnaire. Duration of diabetes, smoking habits, presence of retinopathy and nephropathy were collected from the medical records. Hypogonadism was assessed with the help of Androgen Deficiency in Ageing Male (ADAM) questionnaire. Venous blood samples were collected to test for total testosterone (TT), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), serum lipids, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). LST was defined as TT <3 ng/ml. These parameters were compared with the complications associated with T2DM.

Results: Overall, 18% of patients with diabetes had TT level <3 ng/ml and 40% had symptoms of androgen deficiency. Of those with serum testosterone level <3ng/ml, 66.6% had symptoms of androgen deficiency, 11.1% had primary hypogonadism (HG), and 88.9% had secondary HG. High incidence of retinopathy and nephropathy was found among patients with low testosterone. On analyzing, significant relationship was found between smoking, hypertension, duration of diabetes, diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy and low testosterone levels.

Conclusions: Smoking, hypertension, duration of diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy were found to be associated with LST. So LST can be considered as a indicator of microvasular complications of T2DM.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, low serum testosterone, Hypogonadism, prevalence.

Title: Prevalence of Low Serum Testosterone among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Predictor of Micro Vascular Disease

Author: Vijayamahantesh N N, Deepak C L, Sudeep K, Venkatesha B M.

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Breast cancer in men is a rare disease, accounts for 1% of all cancers in men. Its incidence has increased in other parts of the world apart from the USA and Canada, epidemiological sample specific variations by race and endemic situations.

Case 1: Male patient, 84 years old, with a family history of ovarian and prostate cancer whose physical examination I observed palpable mass in left retro areolar region with a size of about 2 cm, with positive hormone receptors for estrogen was classified as .The stage II underwent modified radical mastectomy of the left breast respecting axillary region without further complications. Currently in hormone suppression treatment with tamoxifen.

Case 2: Male, 63 years old, with lesion in the right breast nipple secretion, with a history of chronic alcoholism. breast ultrasound was performed reporting suspicious lesion BIRADS 4. Ranked Clinical stage III B is entered for right modified radical mastectomy with axillary dissection. Patient without complications despite not subsequently receive radiation or chemotherapy.

Discussion: Despite the differences in the pathogenesis and treatment after surgery between the two cases, early diagnosis influenced a better prognosis of patients emphasize the usefulness of tamoxifen, early detection and prevention.

Keywords: breast cancer – man - invasive ductal - radical mastectomy - tamoxifen.

Title: Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of Breast in Men Report of Two Cases

Author: Roger Josue Ortega Galo, Cindy Gissela  Henríquez  Matute, Jose Elder Noguera Giron, Borlin  Daniel Galeas Castillo

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Water is a basic component of humans accounting to majority of body mass. But the water we sip comes from a chemically-treated source, whereas a large number of public still uses deep wells as their drinking water. This study aimed to determine the implementation of Water Sanitation Program (WSP) of the Department of Health in six Rural Health Units in Cabanatuan City as this encompasses public health concern wherein diarrheal diseases and dehydration still conclude as leading causes of mortality in the Philippines up to date. Quantitative design was employed, specifically descriptive-correlation method. A two-part questionnaire was the main tool which was subjected to pilot testing. Items were self-constructed in guide of the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water of 2007 and PD 856 or the Code of Sanitation. It was found out that health workers and the said families describe WSP’s provision of approved water supply facilities, access to safe and potable drinking water, water quality and monitoring surveillance, and waterworks and well construction as effective since their responses were verbally-described as often. Health education about Halazone tablets, proper distancing of deep well to likely source of contamination and regular bacteriological analysis of drinking water were found to be inadequate. Correlation analysis revealed that health care workers’ length of service (p=0.6725) and age (p=0.5366) have strong significant relationship with their roles on the implementation of WSP while health care workers gave their performances higher descriptions than the family-respondents.

Keywords: deep well, water sanitation, drinking water, water quality, potable water.

Title: WATER SANITATION PROGRAM: HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL AND FAMILIES’ PERCEPTION

Author: Nicanor M. Domingo III, Rouneil D. Dela Cruz

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Object: the data show that Epstein Barr virus could do an endoscopic hard device of Medulloblastoma and rhabdomyomas of human by catalase gene hydrolysis of 6 p-groups and one helicase p-group gene 5 after phosphorylation and 6 organic compounds 1-H 2-C 3-P 4-FE 5-HE 6-N2 the database of these elements with hydrolysis of phosphate group will doing as a hydrolysis tube for removing of 6 H-bonds from tumor helicase gene itself by endocytosis of tumor cells.

Methods: 100% of tumors  medulloblastoma and rhabdomyomas cells, 500 Svedberg unit titer to 1000MCG centrifugation for 5 minute, Epstein Barr Virus as scalpel device (2), 6% of Epstein Barr Virus administrated to human body by right arm muscle injected, 7% of helicase gene 5 directed to Medulla zone, 5% of EBV directed to hem agglutinin of the body (any how and anywhere) no titer, 6 organic elements to built the database of PET and SPECT imaging, 5 rhabdomyomas of 10 samples were collected from khcc and 7 of 10 defected with Medulloblastoma from j.u.s.t

Results: the clinical trial phase -IIII study showed no significantly neurological symptoms & 100% prolonged survival after treatment on those doses, the addition of these dose removed the frequency of neurological symptoms and removed the onset of deficits without any altering of the expression of acetyl esterase gene in tumor cells.

Conclusion: we conclude that EBV + hydrolyase tube of hydrolysis tumor cells of p-group is worked as a hard micro endoscopic device of defected human Medulloblastoma and rhabdomyomas.

Keywords: Epstein Barr Virus hard endoscopy, medulloblastoma short cut edge by helicase gene 5 (2), Epstein Barr virus with hem agglutinin for brain tissue soft instating, Medulloblastoma agarose gel electrophoresis of p-group (1), Medulloblastoma human of gene therapy by p-group +helicase genes from 4 to 6 long series +esterase gene (acetyl esterase gene).

Title: The Endoscopy of the Brain Tumors via Epstein Barr Virus Clinical Trial Phase-IIII

Author: BARAKAT ISSA AHMAD FUNJAN

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: in this issue we can observed much more results of vaccination by helicobacter pylori for Ebola disease in epidemiology level and short period case; what we have is construction of Ebola plasmid when we do the same construction on helicobacter pylori. Our result show no infection was made and observed when we interfere two plasmids in the same person of infectious disease. In this issue we can made two plasmids by helicobacter pylori by insertion Ebola cosmid inside helicobacter pylori plasmid arm ten of pylori tissue; then we look to envelop protein of virus by answer the patient disease (how we can do this process ? ). This is the magnetic reason to damage capsid of envelop protein of (EBO) arm ten of helicobacter pylori constructive plasmid; other issue is to insert allelic genes of 7 and 10 of helicobacter pylori inside envelop protein of nuclear envelop of EBO virus protein one; then we get the same result of pylori tissue of induction; in this case no need for interfering of two plasmid with each other: in this result we can show two observed gene of the same microorganisms (vector Ebo and host helicobacter pylori). Our result were observed on 10 patients from animal house at myself funded laboratories and the induction was zero level in induction by suggested vaccine. In this issue helicobacter pylori in stomach; large and small intestine when we do an ulceration inside stomach of animals by (Ebo) no need for observed these result.

Keywords: EBO – Ebola virus; 2 plasmid of the same species helicobacter pylori and cosmid of Ebola virus protein one; arm ten of helicobacter pylori of the same plasmid; ulceration inside animal gut stomach; large and small intestine; insertion region of plasmid vector of allelic genes 7 and 10; incubation room of of Ebola vector at 73 C; small intestine of red nude mice 2 weeks under experimentation; ulceration case inside host by defect gene 7 and 10 of the same host; five types of the same species of the same red nude mice species type 1 to type five.

Title: Ebola 100% POWERFUL VACCINE BY HELACOBACTER PYLORI

Author: Barakat Issa Ahmad Funjan

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Introduction: To find out the sensitivity of the common points in history and physical examination in cases of degenerative lumbar spine disease at King Abdul Aziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Material and method: Retrospective study From January 2005 to December 2010.  The medical files of the patients were reviewed for history and physical examination. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results: A total of 133 cases were reviewed. 92 (58.6%) were males and 65 (41.4%) were females. The mean age was 50.5 +/- 12.8 years. The most common degenerative lumbar spine changes were found at L4-5 levels. The sensitivities for pain radiation was 94.6%, for history of numbness was 73.06%, for history of motor weakness was 59%, for finding of motor weakness was 77.47%, and finding abnormal sensation was 59.75%  and for finding abnormal reflexes was 95.92%. Conclusion: The sensitivity of the pointed neurological history and physical examination is variable with no single reliable point in the history or physical examination to ascertain the diagnosis of degenerative lumbar spine disease. Further diagnostic test(s) is required to confirm the diagnosis prior to initiating the treatment.

Keywords: lumbar, spine, sensitivity, specificity, diagnosis, Jeddah. 

Title: What is the Weight of Degenerative Lumbar Spine Disease Examination in the Matrix of Reaching the Diagnosis?

Author: Mohammed Bangash

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Dental implants are present day tool in replacement of missing tooth, success of implant is based on its Osseo integration to its alveolar bone, various factors influence this Osseo integration among one is surface modifications made in the implant. In this review we will brush up the current trends in surface modification and their role in Osseo integration.

Keywords: Dental implants, Surface modification, Osseo integration.

Title: Surface Modifications of Dental Implants - A Brushup

Author: DR. S. PARTHIBAN, R. KADHIRESAN, SHIVA SHANHARI T., DANNY MATHEW, NIZAR AHMED, VIKRAM BVD DHANESAN

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Cytomegalovirus (CMV)is a common pathogen in the general population with reported seroprevelance of 40-100% in general population. Primary infection in immune competent people is usually asymptomatic or results in infectious mononucleosis syndrome. However; it is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). It can result in retinitis, esophagitis, colitis, pneumonia, and central nervous system disease.This usually results from reactivation of primary infection. With the advent of effective antiretroviral treatment (ART), there has been a dramatic decline in the occurrence of CMV disease in AIDS patients.

This is a case report of a 36 years old lady who was admitted to the hospital with convulsions. She was found to be HIV positive. During the course of her hospital stay, she developed bloody diarrhea. The patient was suspected to have systemic CMV infection when CMV was detected in the blood, endotracheal secretion and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Valgancyclovir was started in combination with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).This resulted in a significant improvement of the patient’s condition. Early initiation of Anti-retroviral treatment (ART) was avoided to prevent the development of immune reconstitution syndrome. 

Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), CMV disease.

Title: Systemic CMV Infection in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Patient: A Case Report

Author: Ebaa Al-Awadhi, Mamoun Al-Qaseer

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: In  today’s world, medical negligence has become one of the most serious  and challenging issue in respect to overcome it, and to obstruct negligence as it is an issue which can cause complete / partial impairment of limbs, or death of patient, or leads into another misery, or sometimes leaves the patient in permanent or partial vegetative state. There are instances when due to causation from doctors may leave the family’s soft corner one’s at stake. There are instances wherein most incompetent doctors, on their causation, have made prey the innocent patients. The magnitude of negligence of the medical professionals has many times led to litigation in the courts.

Keywords: medical negligence, challenging, doctors, causation, medical professionals.

Title: A Changing Scenario under Medical Negligence in India

Author: Dr. Shailesh N Hadli

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Burn injuries have been recognized as a significant and major public health problem in economically developing countries. Large wound areas containing necrotic tissue make burn patients more susceptible to infection. Nosocomial infections (NI) are common in burn patients because of the typical features of the disease: loss of the first line of defense against microbial invasion; presence of devitalized and dead tissue that provides a favorable environment for growth of microorganisms. Aim of the study: was to assess the relation between local signs of burn wound infection and nurses' performance. Methods: Analytical cross sectional study research design was conducted in Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery Center - Mansoura University. The data were collected from purpusive sample 100 patients of both sexes who correspond to inclusion criteria and available nurses 30. Results: The results indicate that there were a relation between patients with local signs of burn wound infection and nurses' practice regarding burn wound dressing and proper use of personal protective equipment. Conclusion: nurses need a specific teaching guideline and training program about infection control measures to be utilized when caring for burned patients to minimize risk for nosocomial infection.

Keywords: Burn, wound infection, local signs of burn wound infection, nurses.

Title: Relationship between Local Signs of Burn Wound Infection and Nurses' Practice

Author: Wedad Saber Shafek Abd El-khalek, Wafaa Ismail Sherief Sallam, Hanan Abo-bakr Mohamed

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of suppurative lesions. It commonly resides in anterior nares as colonizer where it is transmitted from health care workers to the patients. A prospective study was done to determine the frequency of staphylococcal nasal carriage and their antibiogram. Nasal Swabs from health care workers were cultured on Blood agar and mannitol salt agar. Staphylococci was identified by colony characteristics, catalase and coagulase test. Antibiogram was determined against the different group of antibiotics according to CLSI guidelines. 51% staphylococcal nasal carries among health care workers was seen. Methicillin resistant strains were predominantly isolated. All the isolated strains were sensitive to mupirocin, vancomycin and linezolid. High erythromycin and clindamycin resistant was seen. High staphylococcal nasal carriage among health care workers necessitates for immediate decolonization. Mupirocin should be used topically to decolonize the staphylococci from anterior nares.

Keywords: Nasal carriage, Satphylococcus aureus, mupirocin, MRSA, Colonisation.

Title: Staphylococcal Nasal Carriage among Health Care Personnel at Tertiary Care Hospital, Jaipur, India

Author: Sakshita Agnihotri, Munesh Kumar Gupta, Eeshita Dhar

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The use of natural products as a means of treatments for many physiological threats such as diabetes is currently gaining momentum in Nigeria. Diabetes is a metabolic syndrome that afflicts an estimate of 143 million people and that oxidative stress plays a vital role in development of diabetic and its attendant complications. Malondialdehyde (MDA) a product of lipid peroxidation is a convenient marker for the assessment of oxidative stress.

Objective: The study was aimed at investigating the hypoglycaemic and antioxidants property of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seed extracts on Streptozocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats.

Materials and Methods: A total of twenty five (25) rats were divided into five (5) groups of five (5) rats each; Non- Diabetic Control, Diabetic Control and the Diabetic treated with 50mg, 100mg and 200mg concentration of seed extracts for a period of four weeks. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitonial injection of freshly prepared STZ (60mg/kg b.w). Fasting blood glucose was monitored on weekly basis using Fine test Auto coding glucometer. On the 29th day of treatment, the rats were sacrificed under Diethyl ether anaesthesia and the blood was collected directly from heart. Fasting blood sugar was measured weekly and after sacrifice in addition to MDA and were statistically analysed..

Results: The results showed that Citrullus lanatus seed extract at dose of 200mg can reduce serum glucose significantly (P<0.05) from 19.1±3.9 mmol/l (343.5 ± 69.7 mg/dl) to 13.1 ±1.2 mmol/l (235.9±22.4 mg/dl). Serum MDA of Diabetic control (3.3±0.6 µmol/l) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of Diabetes (xx µmol/l) treated with 200mg (2.1±0.4 nmol/dl) of seed extracts. Citrullus lanatus seed extract therefore prove to have hypoglycaemic and antioxidant properties. 

Keywords: Diabetes, Citrullus lanatus, Glucose, MDA, Oxidative Stress.

Title: The Effects of Citrullus lanatus Seed Extracts on Malondialdehyde and Serum Glucose in Streptozocin Induced Diabetic Rats.

Author: Muhammad, Y., Abubakar, N., Musa, M.S., Wali, U., Yeldu, M.H., Ahmed, A.Y., Ngaski, A.A., Ahmad, M.B. Saidu, A.Y, Gulumbe, N.S.

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Research Publish Journals