Vol 3 Issue 1 April 2015-September 2015

Abstract: Spleen is an organ with varied morphology, diverse functions and applied importance, all subject to many controversies in spite of centuries of studies on it. Aim of the study: To study the morphology of human spleen in different age groups, and to verify whether the specimens can be grouped into various types based on their morphology and the length of the hilum. Materials and Methods: Seventy formalin fixed human spleens obtained postmortem, were subject to study. They were classified into different age groups, in both sexes, for a detailed study of the morphological features, namely, weight, shape and type, appearance of hilum, notching of borders and fissuring of surfaces. Accessory spleen, cysts, lobulation and tubercles, if any, were looked for, along with other developmental anomalies. Observations and results: The average weight of spleen increased from the newborn to reach a maximum in the third decade and then decreased; it was invariably heavier in the males in all age groups. Specimens of all three types, distributed, compact and intermediate, and all four shapes, triangular, wedge shaped, ovoid and tetrahedral were observed. Notching was seen most frequently on the superior border. Eight specimens showed anterior lobule, four showed posterior tubercle and one specimen showed an accessory spleen close to the hilum. Conclusion: Classification of spleen into the three morphological types is valid, considering the external features and the length of the hilum. More studies are required correlating the morphology with microscopy and histogenesis.

Keywords: Spleen, Morphological types, Development, Congenital anomalies

Title: Morphological Variations of Human Spleen in Different Age Groups

Author: Dr Lizamma Alex, Dr Anju George, Mrs Bency Xavier, Sr Princy Jacob, Mrs Kumari Deepa Rani, Dr Gaddam Vijaya Lakshmi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: SAIL is India’s largest steel producer which constitutes five integrated steel plants, “Bokaro Steel Plant” being one of them. It is situated in the rich coal belt of eastern India and symbolizes India’s advancement in the design, engineering and construction of steel plants. The main source of water supply for Bokaro steel plant and township area is Damodar River. Being an industrial area the level of contamination in the drinking water is expected to be high. The research work included the investigation of the drinking water from the township as well as peripheral areas around Bokaro. The major area of study included analysing the quality of drinking water being supplied and suggestive technical recommendations for improving the drinking water quality for the people around Bokaro Steel Plant. Further presence of microbes was also detected in the drinking water.

Title: Chemical Investigation of Drinking Water of Bokaro Township and Steel Plant

Author: Manisha Sharma

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The purpose of this research article is to assess the effectiveness of a structured teaching program on knowledge regarding nosocomial infection in newborns among staff nurses working in paediatric and labour units of selected hospitals in Tumkur district. The author conducted a literature search on neonatal nosocomial infections followed by a quasi-experimental study among 60 staff nurses and thoroughly scrutinized the effectiveness of structured teaching programme regarding knowledge on nosocomial infections in newborns. The study also assessed the level of knowledge regarding nosocomial infection in newborns among staff nurses and determined the association between pre - test knowledge score on nosocomial infection in newborns with selected baseline characteristics. Analysis was made using various tolls like frequency and percentage, mean, standard deviation, paired‘t’ test, and chi- square test.  The result showed that there is a significant difference with a (paired)‘t’ value of 23.413 at (p<0.001) levels and it reveals a significant gain in knowledge among staff nurses following the structured teaching programme on nosocomial infection in newborns. If the structured teaching program given effectively it would improve the skills of staff nurses in preventing hospital acquired infections, especially in newborns.

Keywords: Neonatal nosocomial infection; Effectiveness of structured teaching programme on HAI; Prevention and control of HAI.

Title: A Study To Assess The Effectiveness Of  Structured Teaching Programme Regarding Knowledge On Nosocomial Infections In Newborns Among The Staff Nurses Working In Labour And Paediatric Units Of Selected Hospitals In Tumkur District

Author: Antony Rose Aby

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Platelet transfusion is an effective therapy for the prevention and treatment of bleeding. The aim of the study was to determine the number of platelet transfusions that was done during the study period, to study the indications for the transfusions and evaluate its efficacy. 140 thrombocytopenic patients who received platelet transfusions were evaluated during a one-year study period. Conditions associated with the thrombocytopenia were studied and categorized. Pre and post-transfusion platelet counts were done and 24-hour corrected count increment (CCI) was calculated to check the efficacy of transfusion.Majority of the platelet recipients were transfused prophylactically when their platelet counts were >20000/μL. The most common category of diagnosis among these patients was infectious diseases. 46% of patients showed significant 24-hour CCI. The rest of patients showed no significant increment in their platelet counts after transfusion. Appropriate component therapy should be actively endorsed as it ensures optimum utilization of a scarce resource in a populous third world country like India. A Hospital Transfusion Committee would seem to be a good start to monitoring transfusion practices and steering them in the correct direction.

Keywords: Thrombocytopenia; platelet transfusion; platelet concentrate, corrected count increment.

Title: Utilization of Platelet Concentrates in Patients with Thrombocytopenia – A Hospital Based Study

Author: Dr. Supriya Pradhan, Dr. Vijay Dombale, Dr. Prabhu MH, Dr. Shivanand Gundalli

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Autopsy literally means "see for yourself". It is a special surgical operation, performed by specially-trained physicians, on a dead body. Its main purpose is to learn the truth about the person's health during life, and how the person really died.

Knowledge of pathological anatomy gained from dissection can be traced to the time of Sargon I of Babylon almost 3500 BC back, who examined the liver and other organs of sacrificed animals in the attempt to predict the future, called Hepatoscopy or haruspicy.

Hippocrates (468-377 BC) emphasised that disease resulted from ‘natural cause’ and was not due to divine or supernatural origine. Autopsy became a force in pathology after 800 years of Hippocrate’s “natural theory”.

Title: Hepatic Neoplasm Seen On Autopsy

Author: Dr. Shivanand Gundalli, Dr Rutuja kolekar, Dr Amit kolekar, Dr. vikrant Nandurkar,  Dr Kaveri pai, Dr vijaylaxmi gundalli

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Neglected fracture dislocation of the ankle is commonly encountered in developing countries. Treatment for these cases is challenging and opinion varies widely regarding the treatment options. It is difficult to obtain an anatomical reduction of these long standing injuries with the associated fibrosis and adhesions. Also, concomitant articular cartilage damage of ankle joint, osteonecrosis and arthrosis foretell a poor prognosis for these cases. Chiu et al. In their study of 13 cases of neglected ankle fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation or osteotomy, found that cases presenting earlier than six months had better results2. Cheng et al.Also treated 49 cases of untreated and poorly treated, ankle fractures with salvage surgery. They found that these neglected cases with no articular cartilage damage treated by anatomic reduction, rigid stabilization and early mobilization had good functional results. They recommended ankle arthrodesis in cases with arthritis or severe articular cartilage damage to achieve a stable painless plantigrade foot2 . We are presenting a one year old case of neglected infected trimalleolar fracture dislocation in a 30 yr old female. The patient was treated with tibiotalar arthrodesis with cannulated cancellous screws to achieve compression arthrodesis with bone grafting and stabilized with external fixator which has not been previously described in the literature.

Title: Tibiotalar Arthrodesis in Neglected and Infected Fracture Dislocation of the Ankle: A Case Report

Author: Amrit Goyal, Suneel Kumar

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: There has been documented increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in children over the past two decades globally. In Nigeria, there is paucity of data on the measure of obesity and fasting blood glucose profile of adolescents, although there are impression of increasing adiposity compared to years past. This was a cross sectional study involving 628 adolescents from three different secondary schools in Ado Ekiti over four month duration. With parental consent, volunteers completed a questionnaire, had their weight, height, waist and hip circumferences and fasting blood glucose measured and documented.346 male and 282 female adolescents whose ages ranged from 10 to 19 years were studied. 180 (28.7%) and 4 (0.6%) had FBG in pre-diabetic and diabetic range respectively while the rest had normal FBG. 552 (87.9%) had normal BMI percentile, 42 (6.7%) were overweight, 5 (0.8%) were obese and 29 (4.6%) were underweight. Only female gender, early adolescence (age group 10-14 years), and family history of obesity have statistically significant influence on FBG levels (p value = <0.001, <0.001 and 0.045 respectively). There was linear relationship between FBG and BMI percentile and also between FBG and WHR though not predictive (r2 =0.005 and 0.018 respectively). This study showed that there was linear correlation between the BMI, WHR and FBG among secondary school adolescents in Ado-Ekiti.

Keywords: Body mass index, fasting blood glucose, adolescents, Nigeria.

Title: Relationship between Obesity and Fasting Blood Glucose among Secondary School Adolescents in Ado-EKITI, South West Nigeria

Author: Oluwayemi I.O, Oluwayemi M.A

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Air pollution is emerging as one of burning environmental issues which need to be monitored for the prospect of the living beings and the world in a larger aspect. Owing to the growth of heavy transportation and urbanization concentration level of pollutants in the natural air has increased especially in certain areas leading to air pollution. Inhaling of such pollutants for a long time cause adverse effects to human health. As preventive measures, Traditional air quality monitoring methods, such as building air quality monitoring stations, but such methods turned to be typically expensive. In addition, monitoring stations are generally less densely deployed and so provide low resolution sensing data. This paper focuses on the Echo Tech Serinus 30 Carbon Monoxide Analyzer (Instrument) under Modelling Air Pollution and Networking (MAPAN) project installed in the Department of Environmental Science, Guahati University, sponsored by the Metrological Department, Pune which is an urban Air quality monitoring system. The system consists of sensor nodes, a gateway, and a control center managed by the Lab VIEW program through which sensing data can be stored in a database. This system is installed in the Environmental Science Department to monitor the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration level in the natural air from various sources. The results of the experiment-cum-case study show that the proposed system is suitable for micro-scale air quality monitoring.

Keywords: Carbon monoxide, dizziness, COHb (carboxy haemoglobin)

Title: Seasonal Variation in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning In Gauhati University, Gauhati, Assam, India

Author: Nisha.Sharma, Hari P.Sarma, Debajit Dutta

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical statistical collection of pediatric hydrocephalus with emphasis on pathology to investigate the epidemiology of pediatric hydrocephalus. We performed respectively analysis of the pediatric patients younger than 18 years with or suspected of hydrocephalus in our neuropediatric centre since 2001. Data were obtained from our neuropediatric centre database and from hospital admission records of the university hospital of Homburg. After the patient selection procedure and sort out the hydrocephalus patients were a total of 193 children registered at the University Hospital of Homburg Children Medical Centre, between June 2001 and March 2009. The patients were under age and mechanism of hydrocephalus distributed. The presence of congenital malformations at hospital admission was the strongest predictor of hydrocephalus followed by intracerebral tumor. The most affected children were still in neonatal period. Using clinical data and empirical modelling strategy, we were able to categorize and analyse the most common background diseases which cause hydrocephalus.

Title: Pediatric Hydrocephalus; a Statistical and Historical Approach

Author: Dr. Reza Omidi Varmezani

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Aim is to study frequency of food consumption and nutrition knowledge of adolescents from low socio-economic strata and high socio-economic in Mumbai city. A cross sectional study was conducted in 201 (95 boys) adolescents aged 12 – 15 years from low socio-economic strata and high socio-economic socio- economic strata. Food frequency questionnaire was used to collect information regarding frequency of different food consumption. A pretested questionnaire was used to assess nutrition knowledge of adolescents. Frequency of food consumption of various food groups in boys and girls are described and showed a significant association with school type demonstrating a significant difference in food consumption of private and municipal school children (p<0.05). Out of the 201 children, 119 (59.2%) skipped meals, 102 (50.7%) did not have breakfast, 78 (38.8%) school timings affected what they eat, 98 (48.8%) ate from outside when mother is unable to cook, 84 (41.8%) ate out often, 116 (57.7%) liked to carry junk or farsan to school, 138 (68.7%) tiffin’s consisted of healthy homemade foods, 115 (57.2%) advertisements influenced their food choices, 46 (22.9%) suffered from dental carries, 82 (40.8%) suffered from constipation, 24 (11.9%) suffered from diarrhoea, 165 (82.1%) felt tired at the end of the day, 196 (97.5%) were provided nutrition counselling and 195 (97%) were being provided mid-day meal. In boys, significantly higher percentage of private school boys ate out often and their tiffin’s consisted of healthy foods prepared at home as compared to municipal school boys (p<0.05). In girls, significantly higher percentage of private school girls food decisions were affected by school timings as compared to municipal school girls (p<0.05) (Table 1). Significantly higher percentage of boys and girls from municipal school food choices were influenced by advertisements, suffered from constipation, diarrhoea and felt tired at the end of each day as compared to private school girls (p<0.05).Food consumption and nutrition knowledge differed significantly in boys and girls from the 2 socio-economic strata. Efforts need to be undertaken to improve food intake and nutrition knowledge of boys and girls from lower socio-economic strata.

Keywords:  Consumption, Nutrition, Constipation, Diarrhea, Advertisement, Tiffin, Breakfast.

Title: Pattern of Food Consumption and Nutrition Knowledge Assessment of 12- 15 Year Old Adolescents from Mumbai City

Author: HUDA SHAIKH, Dr.REKHA BATTALWAR

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Today internet revolves as a connecting link worldwide with loads of information and it has become a part and parcel of life. People in various fields have started to use the new media very frequently and most of them depend on it for many things and professionals in the field of medicine are not an exception. There are few studies conducted in India regarding Internet usage, but most of these studies are conducted on medical students, hospital management etc., but not on medical doctors. The main objective of this paper is to find out the internet usage among medical professionals. For this investigation the researchers selected medical doctors as samples from three categories such as government sectors, private sectors and doctors who own their own clinic. The result of the study reveals that there is significant result in usage of internet for various purposes among medical professionals.

Keywords: Internet, new media, medical professionals, online medical database, online medical journals.

Title: Use of the Internet by Medical Doctors in the State of Tamil Nadu with the Special Reference to the Work Sector

Author: Dr. C. Pichandy, R. Jayaseelan

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The objectives of the  research are to assess the existing knowledge regarding plotting of partograph among the nursing students, evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding  plotting of partograph among the nursing students and assess the pretest knowledge scores regarding plotting of partograph with the selected demographic variables of the nursing students. An Evaluative research approach with pre experimental one group pre-test post-test design was used. Data was collected by convenient sampling method from 50 internship GNM students from Sigma Institute of Nursing and Nrupur Institute of Nursing Science & Research. Tool consists of 5 demographic variables and 25 structured knowledge questionnaires regarding plotting of partograph, administered before and after STP. Data was analyzed by using inferential and descriptive statistics. Computed t test revealed that mean post-test knowledge score regarding plotting of partograph (20.28 ± 3.08)  was significantly higher than mean pre-test knowledge score (12.76 ± 3.49) at p<0.05 level. The‘t’ value was significant (t= 2.0096) at p<0.05 level indicating the structured teaching programme regarding plotting of partograph was effective. The study findings revealed that STP was highly effective in improving knowledge of plotting of partograph among nursing students.

Keywords: Effectiveness, Knowledge, Structured teaching programme, plotting of partograph, nursing students.

Title: A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Plotting Of Partograph among the Nursing Students in Selected Nursing Colleges of Vadodara

Author: Teena Yohannan, Sijo Koshy

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Rabies is a viral disease that causes acute inflammation of the brain in humans and other warm-blooded animals. The time period between contracting the disease and the start of symptoms is usually one to three months; however, it can vary from less than one week to more than one year. The time is dependent on the distance the virus must travel to reach the central nervous system. Early symptoms may include fever and tingling at the site of exposure. This is then followed by violent movements, uncontrolled excitement, and fear of water or an inability to move parts of the body and confusion followed by loss of consciousness. In both cases, once symptoms appear it nearly always results in death. To assess the pretest level of knowledge of secondary school students regarding prevention and control of rabies. To assess the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programmed on knowledge regarding prevention and control of Rabies. To find out the association between pretest knowledge scores of secondary school students regarding prevention and control of Rabies with their selected demographic variables. Pre- experimental one group pre-test and post-test design conducted among secondary school student aged 12-15  years  Data were collected using a structured questionnaire developed with the help of existing literature, from 60 participants (students) result in the pretest, majority of the respondents (80%) had moderate knowledge score, (18.4%) had inadequate knowledge scores and (1.6%) had adequate knowledge on prevention and control of rabies and in the post test majority (68.35%) had adequate knowledge score and (31.7%) had moderate knowledge score and only (0%) had inadequate knowledge score on prevention and control of rabies.  And mean score was 26.9 ±2.13 and post-test mean knowledge score of students was 38.84 ±3.07 The T calculated value of -10.090 which is less than the tabulated value of 2.00 at 0.05 level of significance. So we accept H1 Hypothesis and conclude that there is significant difference between pre-test and post- test knowledge score of the students. And it is found that from the entire demographic variable was significantly not associated so we reject H2 Hypothesis and accept H0 Hypothesis .An evaluative research approach was used to determine the effectiveness of planed teaching programme regarding prevention and control of rabies among secondary school student.

Keywords: Knowledge, prevention of rabies, secondary school students, planed teaching programme, assess, effectiveness.

Title: A Study to Assess the Effectiveness TF Planned Teaching Programmed on Knowledge Regarding Prevention and Control of Rabies Among Secondary School Students in Selected Schools of Vadodara District

Author: Ms. Hiral Patel, Mr. Swami PGN

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: All around the globe, studies are conducted to determine the effect of Wi-Fi on the quality of sperms both in vivo and in vitro. To determine the level of damage to the sperms in vitro, semen analysis, sperm chromatin dispersion test and ROS test was performed to map the motility, vitality, free radicals and also the fragmentation in the sperm samples which are exposed and which are not exposed to radiations emitted by Wi-Fi router. It was found after exposing sperm samples to Wi-Fi for long durations in a closed cabin placing sperm samples near Wi-Fi router can affect sperm quality to a great extent, reducing motility and vitality of sperms and causing high DNA fragmentations in sperms. On the other hand un-exposed samples kept far away from Wi-Fi source were in better condition both in terms of mobility, vitality and had fewer fragmentations. ROS test conducted on the core/raw semen samples revealed that the samples exposed for 180 minutes showed highest levels of oxidative stress displaying dark purple color in the ROS Agarose –N GEL tubes and samples subjected to Wi-Fi for 90 minutes showed high levels of oxidative stress displaying purple color and samples un-exposed to radiations showed low levels of oxidative stress and displayed light pink color.  This study proved that sperm samples exposed to a Wi-Fi router connected to laptop or computer for long time causes devastating effects on sperms in vitro.

Keywords: Sperms, in vitro, DNA fragmentation, ROS, motility, vitality, Wi-Fi radiations, router, laptop, computer.

Title: Effect of Wi-Fi Radiations on Sperms in Vitro: Sperm DNA Fragmentation and ROS

Author: Omkar Pokharkar, Himanshu Patel, Vidisha Bhatt

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Schistosomiasis is the third most devastating tropical disease in the world, being a major source of morbidity and mortality for developing countries around the world. This study investigated the public knowledge about the prevalence and complications of schistosomiasis in Abu-Khalifa, Ismailia, Egypt as well as to identify prevalence of the disease among the studied population. Questionnaires were administered to each participant to collect information on socio-demographic data, knowledge and attitude regarding schistosomiasis. Females were making up 64% while the males represented 36%. Primary-educated accounted for 13.0% and completed junior high school was 30%. However, illiterate or semiliterate were presented 40%. The study revealed that the total knowledge rate (94.0%) about the disease. Most of the respondents acquired their knowledge from doctors or television, followed by hearing from others. Majorities (82%) agreed about the high prevalence of the disease. The participants agreed (96%) about washing vegetables and fruits as an important measure for prevention. Moreover, 94% of study sample are convinced that swimming in canals is unfavorable. It is concluded that knowledge about Schistosomiasis in the area of study is mostly poor although there were multiple risks for potential Schistosomasis infections in the area; the major cause seems to be the lack of proper and regular governmental health education. However, attitude of people when exposed or infected is acceptable.

Keywords: Schistosomasis, assessment, knowledge, attitude.

Title: Assessment Of Knowledge, and Attitudes Of General Public Attending  Abu Khalifa Primary Health Care Unit Regarding Schistosomiasis In Ismailia, Egypt

Author: Nesma Adel Mahmoud, Rana Belal abdel-Ghany, Esraa Nasser Abd Elgahny, Hadir Yousif Kassem, Nada Mohammed Megahed, Ahmed Abdel-fadeel Ali, Shrouk Sami Mohamed, Mohamed Khaled Eleraky, Yasser Youssef Sobieh, Amr Ahmed Mohamed, Bassma A. Ibrahim, Sarah M. Hussein, Hussein Aamar, Mustafa A. Fouad

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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