Vol 4 Issue 1 April 2016-September 2016

Abstract: The significance of meconium in the amniotic fluid in fetal outcome is uniformly depressing, the thicker the meconium, the poorer is the prognosis for the newborn, Meconium stained amniotic fluid complicates 7 to 22% of live births. This case – control study involved patients admitted to the labour room, with thick meconium in amniotic fluid. 100 patients participated in the study and were randomly assigned into two groups of 50 each, one group received standard obstetric care with amnioinfusion while the other group received standard obstetric care without amnioinfusion. The study period was for two years. The method adopted was one suggested by Wenstrom and Parson consisting of a bolus infusion of average 500ml of pre-warmed normal saline over 20-30 minutes drained by gravity using no: 14 Foley’s catheter for infusion. Neonatal parameters were 1 – minute Apgar, 5-minute Apgar, meconium in the oropharynx, and trachea, incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome and admission to neonatal intensive care unit and maternal factors were operative interference for foetal distress and puerperal fever.92% of babies who received amnioinfusion had one minute Apgar of more than 7 compared to only 72% among the controls. This was found to be statistically significant, 5 minute Apgar score between the amnioinfused group and control group was not significant. From our study it is clear that saline amnioinfusion is a simple, safe and relatively inexpensive procedure without much complications which have significant effect in decreasing perinatal mortality and morbidity from Meconium aspiration syndrome. Keywords: Meconium, Amnioinfusion. Title: A Comparative study- Amnioinfusion for reduction of severity of meconium aspiration syndrome Author: Kadri Yogesh Bangera, Fousiya Jamal, Chethan K, Vijaya Kumar International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Background: Urethroplasty is the `gold standard' for treatment of urethral stricture infection; substitution urethroplasty is utilized as a part of long, perplexing, intermittent urethral strictures. Objectives: aim of this study is to discuss the roles and different surgical approaches that are used in substitution urethroplasty and also to demonstrate the most complications of this procedure according to evidence based trails. Methodology: A systematic review study of the literature was performed using Medline, Embase, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were conducted databases through July 2016 using the search terms, `substitutional urethroplasty', `urethral obstruction', `urethral stricture', `sexual function', `erection' . Conclusion: the results of the ventral and dorsal onlay of BM for bulbar urethroplasty are equivalent. Two-stage procedures are preferable in the penile urethra, except under certain circumstances when a one-stage dorsal onlay is feasible. Keywords: Urethroplasty. Title: Roles & Complications of Substitution Urethroplasty: Systematic review Author: Abdulaziz Abdulrahman Almujaydil, Abdulmonem Bukhaytan Alharbi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease, described by the presence of lesions in brain and spinal cord memory definition concerns to the acquisition operations (as a synonym of learning), formation, conservation and evocation of informations. Although there are various systems to classify memory, within this article, we will emphasize those most frequently investigated in MS patients. The purpose of this systematic review is to present the results of prospective and retrospective studies on cognitive alterations in MS patients. Also to highlight the relationship between MS and cognitive impairment and its risk factors. We conducted systematic search for published studies through electronic bibliographic databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and PsycInfo in September, 2016. We concluded that there is consensus on cognitive impairment of multiple sclerosis patients, especially on memory, speed processing, executive function, attention and concentration domains. Keywords: Cognitive Disturbance, Multiple sclerosis. Title: Cognitive Disturbance among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Systematic Review Author: Jawaher Musnad Saffan Alanazi, Joza Dakil H Alenzi, Fatimah Hamad S Alfeheid, Iman Hamid A Alenezi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The prevalence of hernia is far greater in developing countries like India amounting to a major health care burden. Purpose: this study was aimed to discuss and review the different surgical techniques for groin hernia repair and demonstrate the advantage and disadvantage of each surgical procedure. Method: A systematic review was conducted. A search of the literature was conducted using Medline, Embase, Helmis, Cinahl, Assia, Psyclit and the Cochrane Library to July 2016. Key search terms were hernia, inguinal, femoral, groin, with searches limited to human adult subjects and the English language. Conclusion: Most surgeons select the type of repair on the basis of the clinical scenario. Laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernia using Surgisis mesh secured with fibrin sealant can be effectively used to treat primary, recurrent, direct, indirect, and bilateral inguinal hernias in adults without unexpected complications and minimal incidence of recurrence in a short-term follow-up. Keywords: Groin Hernia Repair. Title: Different Surgical Approach of Groin Hernia Repair: A Systematic Review Author: Alharthi Saif Abdullah M, Alhamyani Abdulmajeed Hamed M, Al- Kurayzi Majed. Hassan, Alqurashi Ibrahim Abdullah, Althomali Faris Ahmed, Alzahrani Mohammed Khalid, Albaqami Majed Mohammed, Alzaher Abdulaziz Ahmed, Ahmad Faisal Albishry International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: hypertension is persistent elevation of blood hypertension is important to study because it is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. This study is to find out the relationship between risk factors such as age, obesity, gender, genetics, stress, physical activity, salt, smoking and primary hypertension. Method: A case – control study was conducted on risk factors of hypertension .A questionnaires was designed to collect data 60 patients, 30 cases, 30 control in Almubarak hospital during the period of May 11 2014 to May 15 2014. Result: it was found that 43.3% out of 30 cases were obese; while, it was found that 16.7 % of controls were obese. This difference was statistical significant (p=0.0242) of the cases. And 77% were overweight and obese compared to 33% of controls. This difference was also statistical significance (p=0.0007). In addition, it was found that 56.6 % of cases were nonsmokers, while 40 % of controls were nonsmoker; this difference was statically significance (p=0.0013) of cases 43% were smokers compared to 83 % of controls. Conclusion: in conclusion form the study, people who are overweight, obese and smoker they have major risk factor of hypertension. Keywords: hypertension, risk factors, smoking, weight, age. Title: Relationship between risk factors and hypertension Riyadh-Saudi Arabia Author: Mohamad F. Aldhawi*, Abdullah S. Alyousef, Muath S. Albalawi, Mishaal D. Almishaal, Naif F. Almutairi, Saad M. Alqahtani, Abdulaziz A. Alkhalifah, Haitham M. Aloraini, Mohammed S. Araheili International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Gastric cancer as known the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. It is the second most common form of cancer in first world countries. Younger patients are more likely than older adults to present with advanced or metastatic disease at diagnosis. Despite these trends at presentation, younger patients tend to have a more favorable prognosis at each stage compared with their older counterparts Objective: the purpose of this study was to identify and synthesize findings from all articles on surgical and long-term outcomes in patients with gastric cancer undergoing curative gastrectomy. Methodology: systematic review study Search methods for identification of studies. The literature search included the period through July, 2016 of the MEDLINE database. The literature searches were carried out using Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms: “Curative gastrectomy” “total gastrectomy” “partial gastrectomy” “stomach neoplasms” and “gastric cancer”. Two different reviewers carried out the search and evaluated studies independently. Conclusion: Gastric cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Surgical resection with lymph node dissection is the only potentially curative therapy for gastric cancer. However, the appropriate extent of lymph node dissection accompanied by gastrectomy for cancer remains controversial. Keywords: Gastric cancer, Curative gastrectomy, total gastrectomy, partial gastrectomy, Adenocarcinoma, gastric cancer. stomach neoplasms. Title: Systemic Review of Curative Gastrectomy for Adenocarcinoma of Stomach Author: Basil Mohammed Alrajhi, Ataa Fouad Mesbah, Bader Ali Alhaffashi, Zeyad Nabil Sindi, Ahmed Khader Alzahrani International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Lactation is an important process needed in the life of every female mammal to provide adequate nutrition to an offspring as soon as possible after delivery. Thus, lactation failure can adversely affect the nutrition of a child and diminish immunity, predisposing the child to risk of chronic diseases. As a result, lactation failure requires immediate pharmacological intervention. Plants have been used as medicine due to their diverse phytochemical contents responsible for their pharmacological activities. Moreover, they have proven safer, cheaper and have widespread availability compared to conventional drugs. Some of these medicinal plants are commonly used as herbs by lactating mothers in Africa and other parts of the world because they have been able to meet the various nutritional requirements of lactating mothers. However, there is still limited knowledge on their use and efficacy as lactogenic agent. Thus, this review broadens the knowledge on lactation failure and lactogenic potential of some medicinal herbs because of their common traditional use among women in stimulating milk production. Keywords: Lactation, Herbs, Galactogogue, Plants. Title: LACTATION FAILURE AND POTENTIAL OF TRADITIONAL HERBS AS GALACTOGOGUES Author: Olubunmi Elemo, Ibrahim Oreagba, Akinyede Akinwunmi, Gloria Elemo, Viola Nicholas-Okpara International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Iatrogenic perforation of the gallbladder during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a known occurrence resulting in dropped stones in the peritoneal cavity. Complications like infection, inflammation, fibrosis, adhesion, cutaneous sinus formation, and abscesses; though uncommon, can be dangerous. Surgeons and radiologists should be aware of these complications and their related morbidity. The author describes a delayed complication of gallstone presenting as a subhepatic abscess seven year post laproscopic cholecystectomy. Keywords: dropped gallstone, cholecystectomy complications, gallstone abscess, subhepatic abscess. Title: Dropped Gallstone Causing Subhepatic Abscess Author: Nayef A Alshabyli International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Background: COPD has very significant impacts patients through reduced lung function and reduced quality of life (QoL). The reduction in lung function is progressive and leads to exercise intolerance, a consequent reduction in activity as patients avoid the discomfort of breathing difficulties, and continued physical decline Objective: aim to addresses the issues surrounding the diagnosis and misdiagnosis of COPD, their consequences, and how COPD can be better managed and diagnosed within primary care. Methodology: We conducted a systematic review study by searching with no date limitations for all relevant articles using PubMed, a bibliographic database providing access to citations for biomedical articles from MEDLINE through July 2016, and life science journals. We used relevant MeSH headings and individual key words and/or phrases were used to search all available search fields: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD in association with the following search terms: diagnosis, differential diagnosis, diagnostic techniques, family practice, and primary care. Primary outcome data were extracted from each included paper using a prospectively designed data extraction tool. Conclusion: The depth of the pessimism about the outcome of COPD treatment was disappointing. Primary care physicians often report cases of patients diagnosed with COPD whom the physician was unable to “help” except with terminal illness planning. Keywords: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Title: Systematic Review of Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Family Practice Author: Talal Khalid O Alafif, Naif Misfer J Alzhrany, Atif Mohammed A Hakami, Sahar Surour B Hussien International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Background: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is an important chronic disease in children. Approximately 90% of children with nephrotic syndrome have idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), and the remaining 10% have secondary NS. Objective: aims to determine and evaluate the steroid responsiveness pattern and outcome of paediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome Methodology: We conducted a systematic review study that identified most of based evidenced trials which were evaluating or determine corticosteroid agents in steroid responsive in children with nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) from Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register to the time of july 2016. Conclusion: our study showed higher incidents of steroid resistance in girls than boys. Although the frequency of progression to ESRD and mortality in girls was higher than boys, it was not statistically significant. Keywords: Nephrotic syndrome (NS), idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), SRNS. Title: Steroid Response Pattern Among Childhood Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome, Systematic Review Author: Talal Khalid O Alafif, Naif Misfer J Alzhrany, Atif Mohammed A Hakami, Sahar Surour B Hussien International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: A. baumannii has been designated as a “red alert” human pathogen, generating among the medical fraternity, arising largely from its extensive antibiotic resistance spectrum. Carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter is now observed increasingly, and constitutes a sentinel event for emerging antimicrobial resistance. The production of carbapenem hydrolyzing beta-lactamases is the most common mechanism responsible for carbapenem resistance. Design: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak from December 2012-November 2013, on 100 isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. The specimens were process for bacteriological cultures, biochemical reactions and antigenic sensitivity against Antibiotic [Imipenem, Meropenem and Doripenem (Carbapenem group)] by kirby-bauer method. P value <0.05 was statistically significant. Results: Out of 42141 samples 855 (7.75%) specimen shows A. baumannii growth. Male to female ratio was 1.70:1. Patients belonged to age 51-60 years (29%) and 76% with ICU. The endo-tracheal aspirate isolates were 66%. Isolates were sensitive to Carbapenem group followed by imipenem (81%), Meropenem (39%) and doripenem (40%). On comparing the resistance to carbapenems P value were significant in imipenem, meropenem and Doripenem, i.e. <0.05. Conclusion: Treatment of Acinetobacter infection should be prescribed on the basis of antimicrobial sensitivity reports and judicious way to decrease the emergence of drug resistant isolate. Sharing of expertise and collaboration between the clinicians using antibiotic therapy and microbiologist may be the simplest health measure to optimise the use of antibiotics. Keywords: Carbapenems, Acinetobacter baumannii, ICU, UTI, BAL, ETA, ET, Lower respiratory tract sample. Title: Effect of Carbapenems on Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii spp. in Tertiary Care Hospital of North India Author: Ravi Kumar, Nidhi Goel, Yogesh Kumar, Uma Chaudhary International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is known as any degree of hyperglycemia with first recognition during pregnancy.Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the roles of different interventions for treating patients with GDM. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted by including randomized controlled trials, and retrospective cohort studies discussing the different interventions in managing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A literature search was conducted using electronic databases together with a hand search of relevant journals and conference proceedings. Conclusion: The low GI diet was the only confirmed advantageous dietary intervention to be followed during pregnancy by women with GDM. According to our results, patients with GDM will not need to use insulin if they adopt a low GI diet during pregnancy and birth weight was lower but without increasing the SGA rates than the control diets. Keywords: gestational diabetes, managing gestational, conference proceedings. Title: Role of management of gestational diabetes mellitus, systematic review Author: Sara Saleh Altalhi, Basheir mohmmad Alshreeif, Shog Hamoud Alotibi, Mona Saleh Almalki, Amjad Meshal allhyani, Samaher amin ragaban International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Background: Recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common presentation to family doctors. Thus most improve their techniques of diagnosing and treating this condition in appropriate methods. Objective: to systematically review studies investigating the developed ways and how could be the diagnostic procedures and treatments approaches of Urinary tract infection in primary care more developed to reach the maximum effectiveness. Methodology: We conducting systematic review by searching Observational and experimental studies identified through Medline, Embase, and Cochrane published in any language between 1955 and July 2016. MeSH terms for these databases included “primary health care”, “urinary tract infections”, and “diagnosis and managment”. Conclusion: Guidelines regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in population continue to evolve. Although a somewhat less aggressive approach to evaluation is now recommended, it is important for primary care physicians to appropriately diagnose and treat UTIs in all parts of population Keywords: Diagnosis and Treatment, diagnostic procedures, aggressive approach. Title: Improving the Diagnosis and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection in family medicine, Systemic review Author: Rehab Ismail Mohammed Abdullah, Taghreed Ismail Mohammed Abdullah International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: In- Hospital Nursing training programs in Saudi Arabia are gradually being phased out, yet these nursing programs can help to reduce the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical training in nursing. Thus, this study aimed to explore senior internship nursing students’ perception of the gap between theoretical knowledge and clinical practice, specifically pertaining to its existence, the reasons for it and its effect on their nursing performance. A descriptive-explorative study was conducted among the 35 senior internship nursing students in an in-hospital Nursing program, affiliated to one of the tertiary hospitals in the southern region of Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was used, comprising four main sections, namely areas where the theory-practice gap exists; reasons for the gap in clinical practice; reasons for the gap in theoretical knowledge; and finally, the impact of the gap on the students’ performance. Overall it was found that around 83% of the students experienced a gap between theory and practice. The reasons for the gap was perceived as theoretical knowledge that is not applicable to practice; the teaching strategy that was not well integrated into the training practice; and the sequence of the subjects at the nursing school that was not matching the practical training. About two thirds of the students expressed that adaptation to the hospital environment was one of their major concerns. It was found that the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical training could be reduced in an In-Hospital Training program by promoting more coordination between the nursing school and the hospital administration, along with improving teaching strategies. Keywords: In-hospital nursing program, the Theory-Practice gap, Internship nursing students, Southern region of Saudi Arabia. Title: Senior Nursing Students’ Perception of the Theoretical knowledge and Clinical Practice Gap in an in-hospital Nursing Program – A Descriptive Study conducted in Southern Saudi Arabia Author: Enas Dhaher International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Objective: To assess the efficiency of combined different epidemiological marker systems for identifying and typing clinical multidrug-resistant Klebsiella spp. isolates according to biotyping, serotyping, its sensitivity & resistance to some antibiotics and bacteriocin typing as well as relation with spreading as nosocomial infection to improve the management of such outbreaks. Methods: In this study one hundred-and four (104) Klebsiella strains were collected. They were selected from 1007 hospitalized patients at Sohag University Hospital. All Klebsiella isolates were subjected to susceptibility testing by disc diffusion method. Serotyping of Klebsiella spp. by slide agglutination test using the specific polyvalent antiserum (specific to 38 K-types) used. Monoclonal anti-Klebsiella. IgG2a was the immuonoglobulin type. Detection of bacteriocin sensitivity and bacteriocin typing was estimated by the inhibition pattern they form, against 8 reference bacteriocin producer strains using scrap and streak method. Results: All isolates exhibited multiresistant patterns ranging from 4-12 antibiotics. 99 (95.1%) out of (104) tested strains of Klebsiella isolates shown positive agglutination reaction with polyvalent antibody resembling K. pneumoniae serotype. It was observed that most of the isolated strains of Klebsiella were sensitive to more than one of the bacteriocin producer strains 87 (83.6%). {P1}& {P8} bacteriocin producer strains have the broad spectrum of activity. Bacteriocin (Klebocin) typing of Klebsiella strains showed that 21 different combinations of bacteriocin sensitivity patterns were observed. Bacteriocin types {1}, {1,8},{1,3,8},and {1,6,8} were the most prevalent bacteriocin types. Conclusion: Typing of multiresistant strains can possess a significant contribution in epidemiological studies. The combination of phenotypic markers such as biotyping and serotyping and bacteriocin typing was more discriminating than either method alone. Keywords: bacteriocin, Klebsiella, Epidemiological studies. Title: Epidemiological studies using biotyping, serotyping and bacteriocin typing as marker systems to identify clinical multidrug-resistant Klebsiella spp Author: Mandour S. A. International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals