Vol 4 Issue 1 April 2016-September 2016

Abstract: Fabrication of complete denture is an art but thorough knowledge of science behind its each component is utmost important. Complete denture not only restores the lost tissues and function but also speech. Each step in making of complete denture has a significant effect on speech and patients overall personality. This article enumerate these aspects of complete denture construction and their effect on speech production. Keywords: Denture thickness, Speech, Phonetic, Posterior palatal seal, Pronunciation. Title: Phonetics in Complete Denture –A Review Author: Dr. Renu Gupta, Dr. R.P. Luthra, Dr DeepakGautam International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The practice of female circumcision (FC) is both barbaric and dehumanizing. Efforts to stop the practice in parts of Nigeria where it exists have not yielded the desired result. The study aims at determining the effects of Health Promotion Intervention (HPI) on the practice of FC, knowledge of health implications of FC and awareness of the ban on FC in Nigeria. A quasi-experimental design was used. Ten rural communities in Abia State, Nigeria were purposively selected for allocation into experimental and control groups of five communities each. A sample size of 860 pregnant women was systematically selected from a population of 1720 households enumerated for the survey. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that was interviewer administered and were analyzed quantitatively. Analysis of knowledge, awareness and practice of FC were taken before and after HPI and compared in both experimental and control groups. Knowledge of health implications of FC increased from 28(14%) to 177(88.5%). Awareness of the ban on FC in Nigeria increased from 30(15%) to 182(91%) while the practice of FC decreased from 126(63%) to 20(10%). There was no significant increase in the control group both in knowledge and awareness and no decrease in the practice of FC. Health promotion intervention activities among rural women caused a decrease in the practice of female circumcision by 106 (53%). Health promotion intervention is a veritable strategy for increasing knowledge of health implications of FC, awareness of the ban on FC, and decreasing the practice of FC among rural women. Keywords: Health promotion intervention, effects, female circumcision, rural communities, Nigeria. Title: PRACTICE OF FEMALE CIRCUMCISION: EFFECTS OF HEALTH PROMOTION INTERVENTION IN NIGERIA Author: UDOCHI NWOSU, MADU AWA, JULIET ENUKEME, ONYEMACHI PRINCE International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The aim of the study was assess the antibacterial effect of plant extracts and their synergistic antibiotic and non antibiotic drugs against E.coli and S.aureus. The present study is carried out by the isolation and characterization of Rhizospheric and non-Rhizospheric region of Aloe Vera soil and comparative analysis of production of secondary metabolites against two bacterial pathogens (E. coli, S. aureus).The secondary metabolites will not involve in the growth of the cultures but they will be resultant of the primary metabolites. So, after isolation, the antibiogram analysis revealed the activity of isolates and further all were characterized through Bergey’ manual. The study was started from isolation, Primary Screening, culture characterization, pure culturing, antibiogram test, secondary screening, secondary metabolite extraction, and at last antibiogram test of secondary metabolites. Thereby, our results indicate the possibility of using these extracts in the treatment of bacterial infections, and the results of this study was encouraging, despite the need for clinical studies to determine of the real effectiveness and potential toxic effects in vivo These results were revealed the importance of plant extracts when associated with antibiotic and Non-antibiotic drugs in control of bacteria. Keywords: Rhizospheric, Non-Rhizospheric, Metabolites, Antibiogram. Title: A Comparative Study on Secondary Metabolite Producing Microbes Isolated From Rhizospheric and Non Rhizospheric Region of Alove barbadensis Author: Chhavi Singh, Pratibha Teotia International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Depression has been associated with altered perceived stress level, emotional expression, and immunological response. Prior researches have investigated and found that test tube white blood cells of animals are associated with stress and depression. However, there were lacking evidences on the association of depression of white blood cells, perceived stress, and emotional expression on human samples. This study has investigated the link among these variables and applying a causal modeling technique in establishing an indirect causal relationship among variables. From the result, 32 assessed depressed college students in Quezon City completed measures of depression, perceived stress, and emotional expression, while Monocyte count was consecutively extracted from the assessed depressed patients. The study yielded an interesting result explaining that depression can be predicted by stress, while monocyte counts can be altered by stress but not specifically by depression. Emotional expression, however, is not found to be related to depression, stress, or monocyte counts. It is also proven that stress indirectly aggravate depression level. An exciting result has also been obtained from the study wherein human monocyte samples from depressed patients are directly related and are indirectly increased by their perception of stress. Both partial correlation and path analysis suggest that stress plays an important role in the influence of depression to the monocyte proliferation. The result is also suggesting further research in terms of the time of the onset of depression-whether longer exposure to depression will alter the depression level of an affected suffer. Nevertheless, the results support a biopsychosocial approach in the treatment of depression and add to the existing knowledge that mere perception of stress aggravates levels of depression and would later have a negative effect to one’s immunity. Keywords: (ABS) College Graduates, Perceived stress, Depression, Monocyte count, Emotional Expression. Title: The Varying Influences of Perceived Stress and Depression among Selected College Students Author: Jan Patrick G. Gutierrez International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The study examined the effect of mental health education on risky behaviours among in-school adolescents in kogi state Nigeria. Adolescents are observed to be faced with challenges of ill-health and premature death worldwide because of their involvement in preventable risky behaviours which mental health education has been identified to have the potential to remedy. Mental Health Education Risky Behaviour Inventory - MHERBI (r- 0.81) pretest and posttest was administered among 436 participants before and after eight week mental health education training. Four hypothesis on effect of mental health education on risky behaviour, gender, religion and 3-way interaction effect on gender and religion among those exposed to treatment and control group) were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data was tested with ANCOVA. There were no significant effect between treatment and control groups (F (1,427) = .83; p >.05), but experimental group obtained higher score (x̄ =34.85) than control group (x̄ = 34.29). Also 3-way interaction effect on treatment, gender and religion (F (1,427) = .09; p > .05) is not significant but there were also slightly higher posttest score in both cases. The study concludes that mental health education is realised to have potential of effecting positive health behaviour and healthy lifestyle among in-school adolescents. Mental health education is recommended for inclusion in secondary school curriculum to inculcate positive mental health in in-school adolescents. Keywords: Risky behaviour, In-school adolescents, Mental health education, Gender, Religion. Title: EFFECT OF MENTAL HEALTH EDUCATION ON RISKY BEHAVIOURS AMONG IN-SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS IN KOGI STATE NIGERIA Author: JACOB, FUNSO FLORENCE International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Background: Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy ansd dermopathy are dynamic eye disorders issues described by immune-mediated inflammation of the extraocular muscles and orbital connective tissue. Objective: to discuss the thyroid related opthalmopathy and dermopathy and their management to evaluate and demonstrate different evidence based concerning different population, and make this evidence easy to understand and all summarized in one article. Methodology: We performed a systemic review study up to July 2016; all our reference articles were obtained from Pubmed. The key words for search were thyroid ophthalmopathy, thyroid orbitopathy, thyroid associated ophthalmopathy, ocular and skin manifestations of thyroid, ocular features of Graves’ disease, thyroid eye disease, and Graves’ ophthalmopathy and dermopathy. Conclusion: Opthalmopathy and dermopathy related to thyroid is a self-limiting autoimmune disease associated mainly with hyperthyroidism, but also with hypothyroid and euthyroid states.Almost all cases of thyroid dermopathy are associated with relatively severe ophthalmopathy. Usually ophthalmopathy appears first and dermopathy much later. Keywords: Opthalmopathy, Dermopathy, Thyroid. Title: Thyroid Related Opthalmopathy and Dermopathy and Their Treatment Author: Amer Mohammed Alanazi, Manal Mohammed Alanazi, Mona Salah Alanazi, Najah Salah Alanazi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Background: Labour induction might be shown by therapeutic or obstetrical intricacies particularly in high risk pregnancy such as post-term pregnancy Oxytocin is the commonest induction agent used worldwide. It has been used alone, in combination with other agents. Objective: This study was aimed to determine, from the best available evidence, the effectiveness and safety of intravenous oxytocin alone for induction of labour in high risk pregnancies, this review will assess the advantage and disadvantage of this procedure and highlight the most important evidence in for each section. Methodology: We conducted a comprehensive literature search of the English language literature using Medline and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The search covered the period until July 2016. Conclusion: oxytocin is the most common agent used for labour induction, delivered by an intravenous infusion titrated to uterine contraction strength and frequency. oxytocin seems to be a safe method of inducing labour. Compared to waiting to see whether labour starts naturally (expectant management), giving oxytocin led to more women having their babies within 24 hours. Comparison of oxytocin with any other agents which induce labour at high risk pregnancy. Keywords: Intravenous Oxytocin. Title: Intravenous Oxytocin for Induction of Labour in High Risk Pregnancies Author: Ibrahim Khalid Aljahli, Hatim mohammad alsolimani, Ramzi Mohammed Maashi, Mohannad Adnan Munshi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Background: Hypertension is a destroying incessant disease which has influenced patients from all aspects of the world and is rank third as a cause of disability adjusted life years. Objective: The primary objective of the current study is to examine the adherence to medications in patients undergoing hypertensive treatment and the adverse effect of that and the patients relationship with his/her physician. Method: We conducted a systemic review study that performed through Comprehensive literature search was performed in MEDLINE/PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled covering the time period from 1990 to July 2016 Conclusion: Adherence to prescribed medication is an imperative apparatus that can build treatment to be more viability, however literature has demonstrated that the rate of adherence in chronic diseases like hypertension is low and in this manner it is a critical issue in the treatment of diseases which require long-term plane of treatment. Keywords: Medication Adherence, Hypertension, MEDLINE/PubMed. Title: Medication Adherence, Side Effects and Patient-Physician Interaction in Hypertension Author: Amnah Ahmed Al Hwayji, Amel Almass Alblushi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Reported herein are two rare complications occurring in a liver transplant recipient: Colonic malakoplakia and therapy (azathioprine)-related myelodysplastic syndrome (Rx-MDS) with complex cytogenetic abnormalities. The patient, a 65-year-old male, received a liver transplant in April 2012, followed by 16 months of maintenance azathioprine/prednisone. In December 2014, he presented with severe chronic diarrhea and unexplained refractory pancytopenia. Two months earlier, his marrow was normocellular and devoid of dysplasia, although chromosomal analysis at this juncture disclosed complex cryptogenic defects, with abnormal chromosome 7. Colonic malakoplakia was evident by colonoscopy. Both CBC and diarrhea resolved upon azathioprine withdrawal, steroid dose adjustment, antibiotic administration (ciprofloxacin, 20 days), and other supportive measures. Chronic diarrhea is common in liver transplant recipients who develop Colonic malakoplakia. Immunotherapeutic intervention (plus antibiotic and cholinergic treatment) is effective and is potentially curative. Azathioprine heightens the risk of developing Rx-MDS, which likewise may remit upon withdrawal. Keywords: Colonic malakoplakia, liver transplant, azathioprine-related myelodysplastic syndrome, cytogenetic abnormalities. Title: Colonic Malakoplakia and Therapy-related Myelodysplastic Syndrome in Liver Transplant Recipient: Case Report and Review Author: Bader Alshamsan International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Scrub typhus is a re-emerging acute febrile illness of variable severity caused by bacteria of the family Rickettsiaceae called Orientia tsutsugamushi. The aim of the present study is to report and describe the clinical and laboratory manifestations of paediatric scrub typhus diagnosed in RMMCH Annamlai nagar, Chidambaram. The study was conducted between the periods of May 2015 to September 2015. The case sheets of acute febrile illness were retrieved and reviewed retrospectively. A total of 27 patients diagnosed as scrub typhus on the basis of eschar or specific test were included in the study. They presented with sub acute fever (median, 9 d) with eschar 88% hepatomegaly 44%, cough 44%, vomiting 40 % splenomegaly 37% , chills and rigor 29% abdominal pain 22% , tachypnea 18% headache /bodyache 14% lymphadenopathy 7% and history of mite bite were rare. Blood leucocyte counts were usually normal but 26% of patients were thrombocytopenic. Elevated sgot /sgpt /bilirubin were seen in majority of patients (96%). The patients were treated with Doxycycline and Azithromycin and the fever subsided with a mean of 6 days. More number of echar, vomiting, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were reported in Chidambaram area, when comparing with other geographical areas such as Thailand & North east India. Keywords: scrub typhus, Rickettsiaceae, Orientia tsutsugamushi, Escher, hepatomegaly and spleenomegaly. Title: CLINICAL AND LABORATORY MANIFESTATION OF PAEDIATRIC SCRUB TYPHUS IN CHIDAMBARAM REGION, TAMILNADU Author: AJITH BABU, ALBIN K MATHEW, ADHIN ANTONY XAVIER, CHIDAMBARANATHAN.S International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Globally, malaria infections result in 500,000 deaths and 300 million illnesses each year. Although malaria control programs have attempted to implement interventions to reduce malaria prevalence, these strategies are often hampered by social, cultural, and logistical barriers at the community level. In order to gain a clearer understanding of the prevalence of nine key barriers, this paper systematically reviewed 50 studies that have investigated these nine barriers to malaria control in rural African communities. By thoroughly reviewing each study’s results for the presence of these barriers, the overall prevalence of each barrier across all 50 studies was determined. The most common barriers were the use of herbal or traditional treatment or prevention methods (68% of studies), the belief in non-mosquito etiology (50% of studies), and limited knowledge of the symptoms of severe malaria (46% of studies). In light of these findings, it is recommended that health policy leaders expand health education programs in rural communities, reduce costs of antimalarial products to the extent possible, and promote research on novel herbal treatments for malaria. Additionally, since this review focuses exclusively on rural African settings, additional systematic analyses should be conducted in other geographical settings, such as Southeast Asia and Central America, to gain a better understanding of the sociocultural and logistical barriers to malaria control that exist globally. Keywords: Malaria, Barriers to Malaria Control, Rural African Communities, Health Policy. Title: A Systematic Assessment of Barriers to Successful Malaria Control in Rural African Communities: Implications for Public Health Policy Author: Rohan Garg International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Cancer is not a single disease; it is a cluster of many diseases with many possible causes. Under several stress conditions a normal cell fails to repair DNA damage and grows into cancer cell. Cancer disease placed at second number in worldwide mortality rate after cardiovascular disease. The worldwide cancer mortality rate is 8,201,030 deaths per year. Cancer is also counted as one of the diseases of civilization; lifestyle has an important contribution in increasing cancer rate. Lifestyle factors have contributed in 90-95% cancer cases, factors include tobacco use, alcohol consumption, obesity, diet, physical inactivity, psychological stress, emotional stress, etc. In this review, we focused on detailed study of contribution of lifestyle factors in cancer progression and we also provide evidence that prevention of cancer requires minor lifestyle changes. Keywords: Cancer, Diet, Physical Activity, Obesity, Smoking, Tobacco. Title: IMPACT OF WESTERN LIFESTYLE ON CANCER PROGRESSION Author: Deepa, Saurabh Kant International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: A study was conducted on 70 class 5 students of a Government school of New Delhi, India. A “structured interview schedule” was used to assess the oral health knowledge regarding oral health before and after the planned teaching program and identifying the oral health practices and an “observation check” list to assess the oral health status.The study concluded that 60% of the primary school children were having foul smell & approx 50% of them had coated tongue.An illustrated booklet distributed among the students significantly increased the knowledge of the students about outcome of neglected oral hygiene & the appropriate oral health practices.It is recommended that the public health nurse posted under school health services scheme should regularly conduct oral health examination of the primary school children and reinforce their knowledge & practices related to oral hygiene. Keywords: Health Problems, Regarding Oral, Teaching Programme. Title: A Study To Assess The Oral Health Status And Identify Oral Health Problems Of Primary School Children With A View To Develop Planned Teaching Programme Regarding Oral Health And Evaluate Its Effectiveness In A Selected Government School Of South Delhi Author: GULSHAN ROY CHOWDHURY International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: School going age is one of the best stages of life cycle to cultivate good dietary habits. Nowadays children have fewer opportunities to get nutritionallybalance meals at school canteen and it may affect their nutritional status. Hence improving the quality of food in school canteens is important. To address this issue, this study was carried out to develop nutritious, low cost menus for school children. Food policy for school in Sri Lanka was reviewed and existing food menus were analysed. Five new menus were developed by modifying available menus and incorporating nutritious, locally available food ingredients. Hundred grams of developed menus contained energy and macro nutrients were analysed by using food composition database and Nutrient Quality Index (NQI) scores. One serving was considered as 200kcal energy giving portion of each menu. Acceptance of the developed menus by the school children was determined by using food quality measuring scale. All five developed menus were made with low cost locally available ingredients to increase the affordability for the foods. All five menus could be developed with nutrient adequacy for school children according to the nutrient density score. The sensory evaluation result showed that children acceptance for the menus is different and bread pizza was the most acceptable menu. Since the developed menus for school children are nutritionally balanced and cheap they may appropriate for improving the quality of dietary intake and nutritional status of school children. Keywords: School children, nutritionally balanced, acceptance, low cost, food menus. Title: Nutritious, low Cost, attractive menus for School Children Author: Hasinthi Swarnamali, Thilini N. Jayasinghe International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Quality of life (QOL) is a reflection of a person's mental and physical well-being in their everyday life. The objective of the present study is: to know the impact of patient counselling on medication adherence and quality of life and to study the level of medication adherence in hypertension with co-morbidity condition patients. This study was conducted for a period of 6 months (November 2014 to April 2015) in RMMCH, Annamalai University, a 1260 bedded tertiary care teaching hospital in Tamil Nadu. Interventional group patients received patient counselling, patient information leaflets and pictorial patient information leaflets. WHO QOL-BREF questionnaires and Morisky 8- item medication adherence questionnaire scale were the tools used to assess medication adherence and quality of life (QOL). At pre counselling (baseline), 77 (66.6%) had low (>2), 41(32.2%) had medium (1or2) and 9 (7.2%) had high adherences respectively. Level of adherence after post counselling (second follow up) is an evident for progress in patient medication adherence as shown low 48 (37.7%), medium 57 (45.0%) and high 22 (17.3%) adherences. The average quality of life of patient at pre counselling (time of baseline) was 29.715 and at the post counselling (second follow up) increased to 59.28. A statistically significant difference was observed in all the four domains from pre- counselling to post-counselling at p=<0.001 (by using Mann-Whitney rank sum test).The intervention resulted to a positive impact on medication adherence and QOL. Keywords: Patient counselling, medication adherence, quality of life and hypertension. Title: To Study The Impact Of Patient Counselling On Medication Adherence And Quality Of Life In Hypertension With Co-Morbidity In A Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital In A Rural Area Author: VUPPALA VENKATESH, JULIYA JOHNSON, BENCY BENNY, P.K. MANNA, N.CHIDAMABARAM International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals