Vol 4 Issue 1 April 2016-September 2016

Abstract: Abdominal epilepsy is a rare condition consisting of gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances caused by epileptiform seizure activity. Here presented is one case of probable abdominal epilepsy. While a causal relationship between epilepsy and the GI symptoms could not be proven in this case, the GI symptoms could not be explained by other pathophysiological mechanisms our current levels of investigations could elicit. However, it was evident from this case presentation that the patient was seen to remarkably improve upon starting anticonvulsant treatment. Keywords: Abdomen, Pain, Epilepsy. Title: Abdominal Epilepsy; a Case Presentation Author: Duncan D Mugala, Ngosa Mumba, Mwiche Siame N.P, Womba Kadochi,Muhumpu Kafwamfwa International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The roles of various drugs have been investigated on blood glucose. However, the effect of Septrin(co-trimoxazole) on blood glucose have not received much attention. The present study investigated the effect of Septrin (co-trimoxazole) on blood glucose in male albino Rats. A total of fifteen (15) Rats were used for this study and grouped into three (3) classes labelled A, B and C. Group A and B consist of Septrin treated Rats and group C consists of the control group. Co-trimoxazole was given for five (5) days. After five (5) days of administration, the animals were sacrificed. Blood sample of Rats were collected in Heparin bottles and biochemical analysis was carried out for the determination of blood glucose. There was a significant decrease blood glucose level among the treated group. This decrease was observed with an initial dose of 4.4mg/kg body weight of Co-trimoxazole when compared with the control. The results suggest that Septrin is safe for use for a diabetic patient or hyperglycaemic person. It also suggests that Septin should be taken postpandrially. Keywords: Septrin, blood glucose, hypoglycaemia, weight loss. Title: Effect of Septrin (Co-Trimoxazole) On Blood Glucose of Wistar Albino Rat Author: T.O OLADUN, E.O TAIWO International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Feeding problems in infants and young children include, gastroenteritis, too much food, too little food or fluid loss. Are usually minor but sometimes have serious consequences and require medical attention or hospitalization. Feeding disorder of infancy and early childhood is commonly diagnosed if the child meets the following diagnostic criteria. He or she has not gained weight, or has actually lost weight, for at least one month. And not have an underlying medical or mental condition causing the disorder. Feeding disorders should be addressed before hospitalization. Nutritional counselling and/or regular meetings with specialists are sometimes needed to overcome the child, feeding disorder. Treatment is often done in a team approach between mothers, other caregivers, paediatrician, and professionals such as dieticians, therapists, and social workers. The results of this study revealed protective effects of breast-feeding and the wright complementary food using and its relation to feeding disorders illness as well as gastrointestinal diseases during the first years of life. The statistical analysis based on –time- methods of breast feeding, And different types of complementary food used for different ages of children and the time of starting of supplementary food, both breast feeding and for how long child will be fed are both thought to be affect in child health outcomes which were found about, 82% of mothers in this study were weaned their children in infant age and the per cent of 32% weaning causes is pregnancy . Infants breast-feeding was discontinued during the first 9 months were 42.5% and gastroenteritis notes after complementary feeding. During the second 6 months of life is 55% and most of the causes is due to -complementary feeding types and it's the starting time is important to avoid over feeding and we found that 92,5% were used complementary feeding and 95% using bottle feeding which need more care for child feeding . Keywords: Feeding Disorders with Gastroenteritis, complementary feeding. Title: Feeding Disorders with Gastroenteritis in Children under Five Years Author: Wafa B. Mesfer, Fatimah A Salem, Fatimah M. Ahmed, Mona S. Ali, Bushra M Awdah, Dr. Mona Abdalgadir Ahmad International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Nursing education has been accused of producing half baked products mainly due to the use of inappropriate teaching and learning methods. Various studies have shown that Problem Based learning (PBL) increase retention of knowledge, motivation and critical thinking. However, no study was done in Malawi to look into the feasibility of introducing PBL. The purpose of the study aimed at describing the feasibility of introducing PBL at Kamuzu College of Nursing and Mzuzu University Nursing Department. Methods: Data was collected in December 2013 and January 2014.Descriptive research design was used in this study. Fifty five questionnaires were distributed to nursing lecturers at Kamuzu College of Nursing and Mzuzu University Nursing Department. The response rate was 87%. Data analysis was done by using descriptive statistics and computer soft ware, SPSS version 16.0. Chi square test was applied to test for statistical differences in proportion between Kamuzu College of Nursing and Mzuzu University at the 5% level of significance. Results: Eighty five percent of lecturers had positive attitude towards introduction of PBL (p=0.10). Seventynine percent mentioned about commitment from management. Seventy one percent were ready to change to PBL. Seventy three percent mentioned a barrier of shortage of competent lecturers (χ2 = 14.67, df = 1, p value = < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings of the study shows that it is feasible to introduce PBL to undergraduate programmes at Kamuzu College of Nursing and Mzuzu University Nursing Department based on the positive attitude and readiness of lecturers on introduction of PBL. Keywords: Problem based learning, feasibility and critical thinking. Title: A Descriptive Study on the Feasibility of Introducing Problem -Based Learning as a Teaching Strategy at Kamuzu College of Nursing and Mzuzu University Nursing Department Author: Boston Kayange, Ezereth Kabuluzi, Evelyn Chilemba, Alfred Maluwa International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: One of the most common & potentially destructive complications that can occur among neurosurgical patients is venous thromboembolism (VTE), so, prevention of (VTE) is essential for most admitted patients. There are updated recommendations that have been provided by the 9th edition of American collage of Chest Physicians (ACCP) clinical practice guidelines for prevention & treatment for the subgroup of patients in each department that confirm the evaluation of patient risk for VTE. The aim of this study is quality improvement to evaluate the commitment of King Abdulaziz University hospital (KAUH), department of Surgery, division of neurosurgery to the international recommendations of the ACCP using a cross sectional snapshot analysis. Research methodology: In the month of October 2015 the research project was developed by a research group using a cross sectional snapshot analysis. The forms of data collection were derived from the 9th ACCP guidelines and were used to evaluate the division of neurosurgery adherence to ACCP guidelines. . The data was collected by the research group .The ethic approval of the study was obtained from the chairman ethics committee. Main results: In the month of October 2015 a cross sectional snapshot analysis showed that 4 out of 5 (80%) patients who were admitted during this period were on VTE prophylaxis. Keywords: VENOUS THROMBO-EMBOLISM (VTE), American collage of Chest Physicians (ACCP). Title: Venous Thrombo-Embolism (VTE) Prophylaxis among King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) Neurosurgerical Patients, A Cross Sectional Snapshot Analysis Author: Anas Mohammed ALQADI, Bassim Albeirouti, Rayan Nasser ALharthi, Hamza Mohammed S. AlQadi, Mohammed Zaki M. Al-Zumi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Water is the most important substance for human survival and well-being, healthy ecosystems and sustainable development. The water quality used for irrigation is essential for the yield and quantity of crops. Pollution of water with deleterious microbes, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, as well as fungi, has been on steady increase globally. The bacterial quality of water from the lake at Lakeside Marine Park was assessed to ascertain whether it met International microbiological standards for safe human usage, since it used for recreational purposes, for irrigation and other human uses of water by people living in the surrounding communities. The water samples were tested for the presence of the following bacterial water quality indicators: total viable count, total coliform count and faecal coliform count. Water samples of the lake were collected at five different sites along the lake and sent for microbiological laboratory analysis. The various sites for the water sampling had faecal coliforms which exceeded the 103 per 100 mL of water to be used in irrigation of vegetables that are eaten uncooked. The presence of coliform bacteria in the lake poses a significant potential health risk depending on how the cultivated vegetables may be handled before use and how frequently children and the youth use the lake for recreational purposes. Keywords: faecal coliforms, human health, water samples, irrigation. Title: Microbiological Quality Monitoring of Water from a Lake Associated with Varying Human Activity Author: Edna Dzifa Doe, Adolf Kofi Awua, Daniel Kobby Larbi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Title: Bernard-Soulier Syndrome, International Journal of Healthcare Sciences Author: Dr. Housam Al Madani, Dr. Mai Saud Nazer, Dr. Waad Hassan Alotibi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The release of modern dual-energy CT (DECT) scanners has allowed comparison content to be recognized at imaging without the need for an individual unenhanced scan. Images of lung parenchymal comparison improvement acquired using DECT improve the recognition of problems, boosting our ability to identify lung perfusion; however, with these developments new problems are also presented. In this graphic evaluation, we present the strategy, medical programs and causes and solutions of incorrect results of dual-energy lung parenchymal improvement problems in lung perfusion. Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and findings of combined dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) lung ventilation/perfusion imaging in patients with congenital heart disease. And to assess perfusion patterns on a dual-energy pulmonary CT angiography. Material and Methods: In this study Medline (pubmed) literature review and analysis for previous studies that are discussing, roles of dual-energy CT (DECT) scanners in the daily practice such lung perfusion scans and the including criteria were involving for several randomized studies that concerning patients suffering from congenital heart diseases from different ages which different perfusion patterns. Results: DECT lung perfusion. Normal pulmonary BFI images were defined as showing homogeneous perfusion in the normal range (color-coded yellow-green or blue) with dependent symmetric lung iodine distribution. Dependent lung perfusion at DECT refers to relatively low contrast enhancement in the central regions Conclusion: Quantitative LPS is simple, safe and widely available. Several patterns of LPS are seen in patients with CHD. But the DECT method may be considered as an alternative test in some patients due to the accuracy of performing results. Keywords: modern dual-energy, using DECT, dual-energy. Title: Dual Energy CT In Clinical Practice Author: Anwar sattam alrashidi, Sara Abdulmohsen Nasser Almulhim, Ohoud Oadah Almutrafi, Anwar Sattam alrashidi, Shaden Saleh AlMousa, Hanan Hamad Alshaikhmubarak International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Sleep disorders can be divided into those producing insomnia, those causing daytime sleepiness, and those disrupting sleep. Transient insomnia is extremely common, afflicting up to 80% of the population. Chronic insomnia affects 15% of the population. Current evidence indicates that chronically disrupted sleep in children and adolescents can lead to problems in cognitive functioning. Behavioral interventions for pediatric sleep problems (e.g., graduated extinction, parent education, positive bedtime routines), especially in young children, have been shown to produce clinically significant improvements. This review describes a few conditions of sleep disorders among population from different area of the world as well as provides clinically useful approaches to sleep complaints and in Family Medicine. Keywords: Sleeping Disorders in the Population, producing insomnia. Title: Sleeping Disorders in the Population and Their Management in Family Practice Author: DR. Abdulrahim Ali Alghamdi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the prescribing practices of doctors regarding treatment options of Typhoid fever in Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from November 4, 2015 to December 31, 2015. Structured questionnaire was used as data collection tool. Non probability sampling technique was applied. After explaining the questionnaire, approximately 500 doctors were asked to filled questionnaire across Pakistan. All ethical considerations were observed in collection of data. Results: A total of 454 doctors participated in the study. Ciprofloxacin came out as the first drug of choice of majority of the doctors while treating typhoid fever patient whereas Cefixime, Ceftriaxone and Ofloxacin were other drug of choice. However, most of the doctors (45%) reported ciprofloxacin as the cause of treatment failure in adult typhoid patient due to growing bacterial resistance. According to majority (74%) of the doctors, reason for bacterial resistance was sub optimal doses in antibiotic use for typhoid fever patients. In most of the cases (61.2%), treatment options for adult typhoid fever did not base on culture sensitivity test. Conclusion: Resistance to ciprofloxacin has now reached significant level as majority of the doctors reported treatment failure due to bacterial resistance, therefore its use for treatment of adult’s patients with typhoid fever should have considerate about emerging resistance. Keywords: Prescribing practices, Doctors, Treatment options, Typhoid fever, Pakistan. Title: Prescribing Practices of Doctors Regarding Treatment Options of Typhoid Fever in Pakistan Author: Dr. Muhammad Adil Ramzan, Dr. Pirbho Mal, Dr. Niaz Mohammad, Dr. Khalid Mahmood, Dr. Noor Akhter, Dr. Neeta Maheshwary, Dr. Ahson Siddiqi, Dr. Shaz Effendi, Muhammad Asif International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: A study the level of knowledge regarding exchange transfusion in Narayana medical college hospital in Nellore. A descriptive design was used to assess the level of knowledge regarding exchange transfusion among staff nurses in Narayana medical college hospital. The sample size of 30 staff nurses were selected using convenience sampling technique. The study showed that among 30samples, 14(46.7%) staff nurses had inadequate knowledge, 2(6.6%) staff nurses had moderately adequate knowledge and 14(46.7%) had adequate knowledge with the mean of 19.1 and standard deviation of 7.61 .There was no significant association between the level of knowledge regarding exchange transfusion among staff nurses with their selected socio demographic variables . The study concluded that most of the staff nurses had inadequate and moderately adequate knowledge regarding exchange transfusion in Narayana medical college hospital in Nellore Keywords: Assess, Knowledge, Exchange Transfusion, Staff nurses. Title: Assess the Knowledge Regarding Exchange Transfusion among Staff Nurses in Narayana Medical College Hospital, Nellore Author: MRS.G.SUJA SHAMILI, DR. INDIRA.S, Ms. Divya Malika International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Of Secondary Schools Students Towards Tuberculosis, Tendelti Town, White Nile State, Sudan

Abstract: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common upper extremity entrapment neuropathy and is estimated to occur in 1% to 3% of the general population. The prevalence of CTS in the general population has been estimated to be 5% for women and only 0.6% for men. The higher incidence of CTS in women than in men is due in part to differences in carpal tunnel volume between men and women The main purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the therapeutic effect of tendon and nerve gliding over the conventional physiotherapy treatment in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome by the mean of clinical and electrophysiological studies. Methods: 26 patients, both males and females, aged between 30–50 years, of carpal tunnel syndrome were taken. All the patients were assessed for pain, pinch strength, severity and function capacity, level of disability with Michighan hand outcome questionnaire, a standard dynamometer, Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire and Disability of arm, shoulder and hand respectively. After the baseline assessment, all the patients were conveniently divided into two groups, Group A and Group B having 13 patients each. Group A received Tendon – Nerve gliding exercises along with conventional physiotherapy which consists of custom-made neutral volar splint, Ultrasound and Madenci hand massage technique whereas Group B received only Conventional Physiotherapy. Thus, patients in all groups received total interventions of 3 weeks. All the outcome measures were again reassessed after completion of 3 weeks. All the patients received total intervention of 5 sessions per week for 3 weeks. Results: After statistical analysis, a significant improvement was found in both the groups. However, greater improvement was seen in the group that received tendon and nerve gliding exercises along with conventional physiotherapy. Conclusion: The present study concluded that tendon and nerve gliding exercises combined with conventional physiotherapy is more effective conservative treatment in carpal tunnel syndrome. Keywords: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; Tendon and Nerve Gliding; Nerve Conduction Velocity. Title: Effect of Tendon and Nerve Gliding In Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Clinical and Electrophysiological Examination Author: Paramjeet Kaur, Sandeep Kumar, Lalit Arora International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This study was conducted in Omdurman hospital medicine section. It is aimed to evaluate the nutrition educational program of diabetic patients and the diet ion follow up and the impact for diabetic patients available in the section during this study. 60diabetic patients were randomly selected to take part in the study. The data were collected through the questionnaire designed, for diabetic patients who briefed about the purpose of this study. The questionnaire addressed to diabetic patients, which included demographics information, such as gender, age, education level, occupation and income level as well as medical information such as history of the diabetes and types of treatment and include types and methods of nutrition education and assessment for diabetic patients, and also the evaluation of food services received during data collection period. The second type were collected due to the observation during patient interviewed for questionnaire. The Results obtained, the most of patients were men and their age ranged over 60 to 40 years (50%), and 75.8% of them were married. Most of patients addressed (87.5%) were educated in various education levels (khalwa, primary, intermediate and university) while 12.3 were illiterate. more than tow third of patients (83.15) were came from Khartoum state area and the others came from village round Omdurman and another state above half (62.0%) of interviewed patients were not joined with jobs (unemployed). (56%) % of patients had diabetes more than 10 years and (21%) had diabetes from 10 to 6years but others with diabetes in less than 5 years. Also the study demonstrated that the frequency of patients admit ion to the hospital which about (28%) of the respondents were admitted to hospital at the first time and (30.0%) were admitted at the second time and (41.7) admitted to the hospital more than two times. The types of regimen followed by the patients who interviewed in this study were about ( 8.3%) concentrated only in diet control using as treatment and 25% used medical treatment only while most of them (66.7) were used diet control and medical treatment . 91.7 OF interviewed patients received nutrition education in the hospital section ,and 75% of them received it from nutritionist while 11.7 % received the nutrition education from doctors and the others5%received it from other health workers in the section, also75% took information about nutrition education directly by education as a group’s 66.7% of patients said that they had received enough information and 25% of them responds with received no enough and not satisfied for them , Also there were different resources used by patients out side the hospital and about 31.7% received education from TV while 28.3% received it from radio and the others were used an others resources ,also about 75% of patients said that they received printed material prepared by the nutritionist , and 80% of patients who received printed material said that it contains only dietary information , and 10% said its include only medical information but 2.75 said its include medical and dietary control and physical exercises . Also about (75%)of patients received nutrition education directly from nutritionist while some of them (16.7%) received it from doctors and other health workers in medicine section and this information received to patients or co patients individually and not in the group discussion . The study show that 66.7% of patients said that they received enough information but 25% of them said it is not enough nutrition information for blood glucose control. More than tow third of patients (83.3%) said the dietitian visits them daily to the section and some of them 5%said the diet ionvisits is weakly and 3.3%responds that is tow time /wreaks . In the evaluation of the food and food services the study show that most of patients disagree with the quantity and quality and food handling, Due to the observation during interviewing diabetic patients, all of the food handlers had not in suitable wearing during food distribution to the patients and some of patients refuse to take the meal had distributed by hospital food handlers. Keywords: Omdurman hospital medicine section, diabetic patients, dietitian visits. Title: Nutrition Education for Hospitalized Individuals with Diabetes in Omdurman Hospital Medicine Section Author: Dr. Mona Abdalgadir Ahmed International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: To identify bacteria present on mobile phones, and determine the effects of phone user practices on infection transmission and prevention. Research questions: 1. What are some categories of microbes that are present on cellular phones? 2. Where do persons use their mobile phones? 3. With what agents do participants routinely clean mobile phones? 4. How frequently do participants clean their mobile phones? 5. Does user knowledge and sensitivity to infection control practices make a difference in the occurrence of microbes on mobile phones? Method: Mobile phones of 60 students and faculty from varying departments of a university in Jamaica were swabbed and cultured on MacConkey, blood and nutrient agar media. The Habits of mobile phone usage questionnaire was administered to each participant on the same day on which phones were swabbed. Results: Microbes recovered included GPC (S. pyogenes and S. epidermidis), GNB (K. pneumoniae), GNC, and fungi. Participants reported unhealthy mobile usage habits ranging from using them in the bathroom to sleeping with them under their pillows. Differences in phone usage practices between participants with high infection prevention and control knowledge levels and others was not clear cut. Conclusion: Mobile phones harbor pathogens, but can be routinely cleaned to reduce and control risk of infection to users. Keywords: Mobile phones, pathogens, bacteria, grow infections, prevention and control. Title: Mobile Phones: Breeding Ground for Microbes Author: Kerene Walker, Kiesha Williams, Marsha Pryce, Melonie Johnson International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals