Vol 4 Issue 1 April 2016-September 2016

The Relationship between Sleeping Habits

Abstract: The increasing number of female Muslim enrollees in the nursing course has given rise to the issue of Muslim religious and cultural rights vis-à-vis such nursing practice concerns as the hospital dress code, infection control, and terrorism. This qualitative study sought to determine and describe the participants’ perceptions on the wearing of the hijab by Muslim student nurses while on hospital duty. The study utilized the focus group discussion method to gather data from 33 participants purposely chosen from the faculty and students of five nursing schools in Zamboanga City, Philippines. The participants perceived that the wearing of the hijab while on hospital duty can affect student nurse-patient relationship and the performance of the student nurse; it can also be a source of infection. However, they were sympathetic towards the wearing of the hijab because of cultural, religious, and personal considerations. The study unearthed the complexity of the issue on the wearing of the hijab while on hospital duty and the pertinent significance of the hospital dress code. Therefore, it was recommended to the hospital administrators in Zamboanga City that a sensitive approach to the dress and uniform requirements of female Muslim nursing students should be taken so that these would not in any way violate the significance of the hospital dress code. Keywords: hijab, nurse-patient relationship, performance, infection, hospital dress code, religion, culture Title: To Wear or Not To Wear: Perspectives on the Wearing Of Hijab While on Hospital Duty Author: Rica Rose May Adjawie Rubio International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research publish journals

Abstract: Exclusive breast-feeding is recommended up to 6 months of age with all its beneficial effects on child survival. Several studies have concluded that adequate intake of vitamin D cannot be met with human milk as the sole source of vitamin D. As breast-feeding rates increase, the incidence of vitamin D deficiency rickets is also expected to rise. Objective: the aim of this study is to review the vitamin D status in exclusively Breastfed Infants through a systemic review of the previous studies that were discussing relation to this topic. Methodology: a systemic review of previous studies discussing the vitamin D status in exclusively Breastfed Infants, Conclusion: Maternal influences on vitamin D status in the exclusively breastfed neonate is more pronounced during the first 2 months of life, but, thereafter, infant vitamin D status is more directly affected by sunshine exposure and vitamin D supplementation. Keywords: vitamin D, Breastfed Infants. Title: Vitamin D Status in Exclusively Breastfed Infants Author: Maha aiyd Aljumaie, Yasameen Abdul Qayoom Esmail, Fatmah mohammad Tkrony, yasser Abdullah Alzahrani International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Patient' satisfaction is of value to evaluate the quality of health services delivery of PHC services in Khartoum state is a joined responsibility between the government and voluntary organizations. A sample of 366 beneficiaries were interviewed in 22 health centers in Omdurman locality to explore their opinions and degree of satisfaction for the care .The sample reflected more females participants than males were using health services (68%) majority in age 25-40 years, house wives 48.4%, majority completed secondary education and of low socio economic status with monthly income less than 500SDG. The results revealed high level of satisfaction with immunization services in the top. The attitude and humanness of the administrative and treating cadres were the main reason of complete satisfaction. Main challenges were absence of health insurance, inability to afford treatment cost, lack of specialized services like dental and ophthalmology. We recommended that NGOs should be encouraged to continue and improve their services by completing their PHC packages and introducing health insurance in their health faculties. Keywords: NGOs, PHC packages, Primary Health Care often abbreviated as (PHC). Title: Patient's Satisfaction with Primary Health Care Services Provided by Voluntary Organization Author: Dr. Adam Abdalla Mater, Omaima Mirghani Hanafi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: An infection control program is a necessary part of efforts to reduce rate of infection in hospitals. Infections can be contracted during operations and labor cases or in medical staff in this not application to precautions control. This study was done in (12) hospitals in Khartoum locality (private and government) to assess the surgical site infection control procedure. The sample size randomly chosen (325) persons by proportion of medical staff in these hospitals. The data collected by questionnaires and interview in private and government hospitals. The study showed that (73.3%) of the private hospitals had of a policy of infection control and (26.7%) did not, and (50.6%) of the government hospitals had a policy of infection control and (49.4%) did not. By contrast (71.7%) of the private hospitals had committee of infection control and just (38.8%) of the government hospitals had committee of infection control. Only (5%) of the private hospital did not exist central sterilization room, vice versa (48.2%) of the government hospitals did not exist central sterilization room. The study recommended the health authorities in Khartoum State to enhance the infection control in all hospitals in order to reduce the magnitude of hospitals acquired infection. Keywords: Surgical Site Infection Control, hospitals in Khartoum locality. Title: Assessment of Surgical Site Infection Control, Khartoum Locality Author: Dr. Adam Abdalla Mater, Wadha Mustafa Mohammed Eltiype International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This paper reports on the concept analysis of cancer pain. Pain negatively affects cancer patients and their families. It serves a role in understanding and researching how cancer pain can be addressed to reduce the stress and to improve their quality of life, functional status, and comfort level. Methods: The method used is the Walker and Avant (1995) concept analysis. An extensive literature review identified a need to investigate further the relationship between cancer pain and the quality of life this population faces and deals with at a high prominence. The goal of the literature review is to identify the antecedents, attributes, and consequences of cancer pain and how this is related to individual’s quality of life, functional status, and comfort. Concept Analysis is looking to clarify the meaning of pain and to define attributes. This method is easy to master, provides clarity and extensive understanding of what cancer pain concept means. According to Walker and Avant (2005), the concept analysis follows the steps of selecting the concept, determine the aims/purpose of the concept analysis, identify the use, define the attributes, model identification of a model case, and summarizing the conclusion (Walker & Avant, 2005, p. 65). Results: The attributes of a patient cancer with pain includes domineering force (improved/maintained), an unkind feeling of aching (improved/maintained), personal experience of fear (improved/maintained), patient self-efficacy (improved/maintained), patients comfort status (improved/maintained), and patient quality of life status (improved/sustained). Keywords: cancer, pain, concept analysis, quality of life, functional status, comfort, nursing. Title: Cancer Pain: A Concept Analysis Author: Carmen Sigley International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Effective evaluation of HIV antiretroviral regimen is very crucial for the achievement of an increased level of CD4 Count and reduction in the viral replication. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of stavudine-containing antiretroviral regimens on serum total cholesterol and triglycerides in HIV infected children in north-western Nigeria. Sixty HIV-infected children were divided into four (4) groups of fifteen (15) children each; 0-11 months, 1-4 years, 5-7 years and 6-11 years and 60 age matched HIV non-infected children were also recruited for the study. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on co-morbid medical conditions and mode of HIV transmission while serum total cholesterol and triglycerides were evaluated before treatment initiation and three months after. Mother-To child transmission of HIV (MTCT) was the major route of HIV infection in the HIV infected children with majority of the children been mixed fed. Total cholesterol levels were significantly decreased (p<0.05) while triglycerides were significantly higher (p<0.05) when compared with control groups at baseline. Three months after treatment initiation, a significant increase (p<0.05) was observed in the level of total cholesterol in the older age groups while a significant decrease was observed in total triglycerides level (P<0.05) to non infected levels which was more pronounced in the 0-11 months and 1-4 years age groups of the HIV-infected children when compared to baseline values. Evaluation and Monitoring of metabolic abnormalities in children on d4T-containing antiretroviral regimes can prevent premature treatment failure, poor adherence and drug induced hyperlipidemia. Keywords: HIV/AIDS; Antiretroviral; Stavudine; Total Cholesterol; Triglycerides; Mother-to child transmission of HIV; North western Nigeria. Title: Evaluation of Stavudine (d4T)-Containing Antiretroviral Regimen on Serum Lipids in HIV-Infected Children in North West, Nigeria Author: Nafisatu Kabir, Halima Kabir, Muhammad. K. Atiku, Suleiman. Y. Isah International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This study examined the caring behaviors of nurses as perceived by patients and nurses in Zamboanga City, Philippines. The influence of technology on the caring behavior was compared according to the demographic profile and work background of the nurses; and the demographic profile, hospital admission, and type in the case of patient-respondents. A descriptive-comparative design; validated questionnaires for the nurses and patient-respondents were utilized for data gathering. Data were analyzed with Descriptive and Inferential Statistics. Nurses had experience on the use of hospital apparatus and equipment in the BSN curriculum. As registered nurses, 84 percent had technological exposures in the hospital. Meanwhile, 65 percent nurses were exposed to technology-based training during college and 77 percent had in the hospital. The respondents agreed on the ideal caring behavior of nurses. Meanwhile, the perceptions of the nurses on health care technology and caring behavior do not significantly differ when compared to age group, gender, hospital position, and length of work experience but not according to their area of assignment. Similarly, the patients’ responses do not significantly differ on the same questions. The technological value in Locsin’s theory was demonstrated in this study. Finally, to enhance caring behaviors a development plan on techno- training was developed. Keywords: Caring, Caring Behaviors, Technology, Patients’ and Nurses’ Perspectives. Title: Caring and the Influence of Technology on the Caring Behaviors of Nurses: Perspectives of Patients and Nurses Author: Eladia Uy Rivera International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Pellegrini-Stieda disease is rare. Non-invasive treatment gives good results. We report two cases in adults after trauma neglected in their knee. Particularities of this disease are discussed with a review of the literature. Keywords: Medial collateral ligament; Knee; Ossification; Pellegrini-Stieda. Title: Pellegrini-Stieda Disease: About two Cases at Yopougon-Abidjan Author: Koffi. Léopold. KRAH, Bada Léopold. SERY, Alidou TRAORE, Issa KONATE, Natacha KOUASSI, Michel. KODO International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Obesity is a disease with increased BMI, so that the health and wellbeing are affected and is associated with a variety of adverse health conditions: diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, increased cardiovascular events, and elevated serum uric acid. In this study we tried to find out association of increased serum uric acid levels with obesity. Material and method: This study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, GMC kota. 50 case samples and 50 control samples were taken. Serum was separated and serum uric acid levels were estimated by fully Automated Analyzer ERBA EM 360. Data was analyzed on Excel sheet and results obtained using Student’s unpaired t- test and Pearson’s correlation. Result: Cases have significantly higher values for serum uric acid levels than controls and have significant positive Correlation with BMI. Conclusion: Obesity is associated with increased serum uric acid levels. Therefore, patients presenting with this biochemical abnormality are recommended to be investigated for obesity and viceversa. Keywords: Obesity, Serum uric acid, BMI, Hyperuricemia. Title: Serum Uric Acid Level and Obesity: An Association Author: GULAB KANWAR, RAHUL KABRA International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: To assess the intra-operative screening dose, screening duration, number of improper images taken and the effect of experience of the orthopaedic surgeon and the C-arm technician on the screening dose and duration of the C-arm machine in orthopaedic surgeries. Methodology: The study was conducted for a period of 2 calender months (Between September 2015 - November 2015 ). All the orthopaedic cases satisfying inclusion criteria have been taken into account. The intraoperative Fluroscopy screening dose, screening duration, number of improper images taken for each orthopaedic procedure was tabulated and compared based on the experience of the surgeon and the imaging technician. Results: The total number of images taken , total exposure time and the total exposure dose for a given surgery was found to be significantly higher when the surgery was carried out by a senior resident (P-Value .002) and when the Fluroscopy machine was operated by a student or an intern (Medical imaging technology ) . Open reduction and internal fixation of fractures required less exposure to fluroscopy when compared to closed reduction and fixation. The experience of the surgeon didn’t significantly affect the total duration of the surgery. Conclusion: The experience of the surgeon and the imaging technician significantly affects the intraoperative fluoroscopic radiation exposure. The exposure time and the dosage was far less when the surgery was carried out by an experienced surgeon and when the fluoroscopic unit was handled by an experienced faculty from the medical imaging department. Keywords: C-arm operating technician, fluoroscopic unit. Title: Study on the Intraoperative C-Arm Radiation Exposure in Orthopaedic Surgeries Author: Dr. Joel Prasad G.L, Dr. K Raghuveer Adiga International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: DM is a physiological condition caused by either production of inactive insulin or inadequate production of insulin. Insulin is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels. Objectives: This study aim to unveil how well informed the students are as far as diabetes mellitus is concerned. Methods: A total of 200 subjects students were randomly selected and interviewed using two different structured questionnaires during the period from August 30, 2015 to September 17, 2015. The questionnaire were including risk factors and complications of type 2 DM as well as methods of prevention The SPSS (version 20) was used for statistical analysis Results: Out of 200 subjects 103 were males and 97 were female, their ages ranged from 18 to 24 years old and 16.5% were diabetic patient. In this study55% were not aware of the DMrisk factors, only 45% of participants identified family history as major risk factor. Just 47% knew physical inactivity and obesity are risk factors and close to 60% were not aware of the methods of prevention.39.5% knew that DM can result peripheral neuropathy while 30% knew that DM can cause retinopathy. other complications got low response including chronic renal failure (12.5%), CHD (11%), sexual dysfunction (4.5%) and stroke (4.5%). Conclusion: There is lack of awareness of DM among University students. This calls for larger studies to investigate the awareness of this morbid disease among the public. Raising the awareness of the University student as an important sector of the community is badly needed. Keywords: Diabetes, awareness, University students, Tabuk. Title: Diabetes Mellitus Awareness among Tabuk University Students, Saudi Arabia Author: Nawaf H Hamdi, Fawaz K Alanazi, Mohammed A Albalawi, Naif H Hamdi, Raid A Alshehri, Hyder O Mirghani International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Drug discovery is a complex multistep process. A central question in drug discovery is the potency and efficacy of the compound being tested. For cancer, which is at its core a proliferative disorder, inhibiting cell proliferation is an effective therapeutic strategy. Recent studies of plant derived compounds have shown that they are selective inhibitors of key components of cell cycle network (cyclin-dependent kinases and Cdc25). Our goal is to use dynamical modelling to determine which compounds are the best candidates for future chemical modifications to make them into potential drugs. We use the ordinary differential equation (ODE) models in MATLAB to determine the ranking of hypothetical compounds as potential drugs by testing the effect of different concentrations on inhibition of the eukaryotic cell cycle (minimal CDK network 2015), assuming that greater inhibition of the cell cycle at lower concentration of the drug will mean a better drug. Our results rank the hypothetical drugs in order of their efficacy, based on ATP competitive inhibition, and give hints about effectiveness of big sets of compounds with potential anti-cancer activity. Hence, we present a preliminary In Silico drug-discovery method which strengthens the mathematical modelling as a cost-effective first step and powerful approach for investigating complex cell signalling networks. Keywords: Drug-discovery, Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Cell Cycle Model, Physical Activity, Anticancer. Title: In Silico Drug Discovery for Cancer Therapeutics Using Dynamical Modeling Author: Diego Bonilla, Yurany Moreno, Jorge Petro, Eduardo Ramírez, Jose Molina, Adis Ayala International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This review is based on the epidemiological evidence on diet and cancer and make Public health recommendations. It has been estimated that 30–40 percent of all cancers can be prevented by lifestyle and dietary measures alone. Cancer is a common condition and a serious health problem. More than one in three people will develop some form of cancer during their lifetime. In our day to day life, we are exposing to chemicals in different ways. This could include: In dietary products, in cosmetics, Plastics. Many studies have found that fruits loaded with chemicals increase the risk of stomach cancer. Chemicals that are commonly used for ripening of fruits and vegetables with harmful chemicals are known to cause cancer and also cause food poisoning, gastric irritation and mouth ulcers. And farmers are using oxytocin to inject vegetables and it is a Schedule-H drug, which is banned in the country for use on animals. Organic and healthy diet is preferred as a life saver to prevent cancer. According to the survey done on junk food marketing, the annual profit only in India was found to be Rp.20,00,00,00,00,00 in Indian currency. And with 30-40% increase in the respective junk food market which lead to cancer in children up to 10-12% till 2014 year. Finally the survey done by AIIMS (ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES) concluded that 20% of Indian children are affected by obesity only due to high intake of junk foods. Keywords: Cancer, Harmful Chemicals, Food Poisoning, Gastric Irritation and Mouth Ulcers. Title: A Change in Lifestyle-Could Cause Cancer Author: Snigdha Damireddy, Pranyusha Veluri International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Acetabulum fractures have been treated by functional and orthopedic method in 26 patients. The study focuses on hospital phase. Quality of care at this time influences functional prognosis of hip. Functional treatment has involved 14 cases and 12 cases orthopedic treatment. Traction has been used 14 times or 53,8 %. The global joint congruence roof-head and head-acétabulum according to the criteria of Duquennoy were perfect and good respectively 84,6 %, 80,8 %. Keywords: Acetabulum fracture- Bone traction- Functional treatment- Orthopedic treatment. Title: Functional and Orthopedic Treatment of Acetabulum Fracture: Hospital Evolution of a Series of 26 Cases Author: Koffi Léopold KRAH International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals