Vol 11 Issue 1 April 2023-September 2023

Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing, has emerged as a transformative technology with significant implications across various industries. In the medical field, 3D printing has gained immense attention for its potential to revolutionize patient care, medical device manufacturing, and pharmaceutical research. This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of what 3D printing is, its historical development, and its applications in the medical domain. This research explores the diverse areas within medicine where 3D printing has made a substantial impact, including patient-specific anatomical models, custom implants, prosthetics, drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering. Moreover, the current challenges, regulatory considerations, and future prospects of 3D printing in healthcare will also be discussed. Through an analysis of existing research, this review seeks to demonstrate the growing significance of 3D printing technology in improving patient outcomes, reducing costs, and advancing medical research.

Keywords: 3D printing, tissue engineering, healthcare, regenerative medicine.

Title: What is 3D printing and how can it apply in the medical field?

Author: Nathapat Thongdee

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 303-306

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 26-September-2023

Abstract: The 2010 Kenyan Constitution established devolution, which in Kenya entails the distribution of authority, funds, and representation to the counties. Among the functions of Counties according to Schedule Four, is the provision of primary healthcare services. This study sought to determine how devolution influenced healthcare service delivery at Kitale County Referral Hospital. The study finds that there are direct impacts for the first objective simply pointing out that government, staffing and infrastructure negatively relate to HCSD. Finance positive (but weak) impacts are asserted via the regulation effect of government (and concern by the second objective), We notice that infrastructure and staffing negatively impact HCSD except for the direct impact of financing that is positive on HCSD. With the third objective, we notice that there is a significant correlation. Although the government relates negatively with HCSD, it positively influences the financing done on the growth and development of health care and so does staffing and infrastructure. Additionally, this study notes a huge gap in policymaking against the reality in healthcare facilities. Further, the study shows that there are improvements in healthcare in terms of efficiency, accessibility, affordability as well as effectiveness. Conclusively, the study recommends a holistic mechanism in policy-making to meet the challenges in healthcare and address the existing gaps.

Keywords: Devolution, Infrastructure, Finance, Staffing, Healthcare Service Delivery.

Title: Impact of Devolving Healthcare Services in Kenya: A Case of Kitale County Referral Hospital; Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya

Author: Brenda Nelima Lusaka, Maurice Simiyu Nyaranga, Prof. Wenxin Wang, Duncan O. Hongo

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 290-302

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 26-September-2023

Abstract: The exact causes of larynx cancer are not fully understood, but certain risk factors have been identified. • Tobacco use: Smoking, as well as smokeless tobacco use, increases the risk of developing larynx cancer. • Alcohol consumption: Excessive and long-term alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of larynx cancer. The risk is even higher for individuals who both smoke and drink alcohol. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection: Certain strains of HPV, primarily HPV type 16, have been linked to an increased risk of larynx cancer. Common signs and symptoms of larynx cancer may include:

• Hoarseness or voice changes that persist for more than two weeks.

• Persistent sore throat or pain in the throat.

• Ear pain. The diagnosis of larynx cancer involves a thorough examination by a healthcare professional, including a physical examination of the throat and neck. Additional tests such as imaging studies (e.g., CT scan, MRI) and a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the stage of cancer. Treatment options for larynx cancer depend on various factors including the stage and location of the cancer, as well as the overall health of the patient. Treatment modalities may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these approaches. It's important for individuals experiencing any persistent symptoms related to the larynx or voice changes to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation and diagnosis.

Keywords: larynx cancer, smokeless tobacco, HPV) infection.

Title: An Update on Larynx Cancer

Author: Wael Mohammed Alkhaldi, Salman Fahad Aldawsari, Zakaria Said Bohassan, Meshari Dhahawi Alanazi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 276-289

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 22-September-2023

Abstract: Dyslipidemia is a lipid metabolism disorder characterized by increased or decreased lipid fractions in plasma. It is a risk factor for diseases still an essential problem in Indonesia, such as coronary heart disease (CHD). Curcumin is one of the compounds derived from turmeric extract, giving the turmeric plant its yellow color. Turmeric, with the scientific name Curcuma longa linn, is one of the spice plants and is also a medicinal plant. This study aims to analyze the anti-dyslipidemia effectiveness of turmeric ethanol extract (Curcuma longa) in Wistar male white rats. This type of research is an experimental Pre-test and Post-test group-only control design conducted in February 2023. Based on the results of these calculations, it can be concluded that a minimum of 4 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) are needed in each treatment group and analyzed by One-Way Anova if the data is usually distributed with further tests in the form of Post Hoc Tukey HSD test to see fundamental differences between treatments. However, as an alternative test, if the data were not normally distributed, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) ethanol extract III significantly reduced total cholesterol compared to the control group (P value <0.05). Turmeric ethanol extract (Curcuma longa) III significantly reduced triglyceride levels compared to the control group (P value = 0.023). Turmeric ethanol extract (Curcuma longa) IV significantly reduced LDL levels compared to the control group (P value < 0.05). Turmeric ethanol extract (Curcuma longa) III significantly increased HDL levels compared to the control group (P value = 0.023). Turmeric ethanol extract (Curcuma longa) III significantly decreased SGOT and SGPT levels (P value < 0.05) compared to the control group.

Keywords: turmeric, anti-dyslipidemia.

Title: ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF CURCUMA LONGA ETHANOL EXTRACT AS ANTI-DYSLIPIDEMIA IN MALE WISTAR RATS

Author: Wang Rui

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 270-275

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 22-September-2023

Abstract: Methods: To assess the diagnostic criteria and therapeutic modalities for pediatric IDA employed by physicians in a major public healthcare facility in Riyadh, a validated questionnaire including demographic data and patient case scenarios related to diagnosis and treatment of IDA was employed. Robust regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with overall score of participants. Wide variability was observed in IDA diagnosis and therapy practices. For nutritional IDA, only 15.6% recommended no other laboratory tests in addition to CBC. The majority preferred treatment with ferrous sulfate (77.6%) divided into two doses (57.1%), but the total daily elemental iron doses varied widely from 2 to 6 mg/kg. Of all assessed factors, median score was significantly highest in pediatric hematologists compared with pediatricians, family medicine specialists and GPs; p = 0.007, and those work in tertiary care compared with those in primary care; p = 0.043. However, in multivariate robust regression analysis, overall score was only significantly associated with professional qualification [pediatric hematologist β = 13.71,95%CI 2.48–24.95, p = 0.017; pediatrician β = 1.77,95%C (− 6.05–9.59, p = 0.66; family medicine β = 2.66,95%CI-4.30-9.58, p = 0.45 compared with general practitioner]. Conclusion: Wide variations exist among physicians in diagnosis and treatment of pediatric IDA.

Keywords: Iron deficiency anemia, Treatment, Diagnosis, Assessment, Pediatric.

Title: Treatment Options for Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children in Saudi Arabia

Author: Moneerah Mohammed Alzoman, Kassem Jawad Alobaid, Norah alnashmi Alshalwi, Bedah Doujain alsuhali, Qamra Saud Alshlwai, Sally faisal alharbi, Talal ali alenazi, hessah Falah AlTamimi, Talal Marui Adiri

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 262-269

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 12-September-2023

Abstract: Background In a transition period of prevention strategy against HPV infection and cervical cancer in Saudi Arabia, it becomes necessary to appraise physicians preparedness to undertake the inherent actions and responsibilities, by evaluating their knowledge and opinions regarding HPV infection and vaccine. Methods A cross-sectional study carried out between Jan 2017 and Nov 2018, included 2000 physicians working in 21 public centers from the five regions of Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess physicians' perception about HPV infection prevalence 1 item, knowledge about HPV infection and vaccine 9 items, and opinions and attitudes toward vaccine 4 items. A knowledge score range 09 was calculated and adequate knowledge was assumed for a score median. Factors associated with opinions and attitudes were explored and multivariate regression was used to analyze independent factors of inadequate knowledge score median. Results Majority of the participants replied correctly to all knowledge questions, and 63. 0 perceived HPV infection as a frequently encountered infection. Median knowledge score was 8 and 62. 0 had adequate knowledge score 8. Inadequate knowledge was independently associated with Saudi nationality OR 1. 51, p 0.

Keywords: Human papilloma virus, Vaccine, Vaccination, Awareness, Knowledge, Attitude, Saudi Arabia, Physicians, Prevention.

Title: Physician’s experience and opinions on base papillomavirus speedily: a cross-sectional study, Saudi Arabia

Author: Faten Hamoud Alanazi, Hajar Abbas Bin Ayesh Alharz, Hebah Yousef Binishaq, Abdulaziz Khadhran Alazmi, Saleh Mohammed AlGhannam, Saad Nasser Alshetwi, Abeer Mohammed Abdulrahman Alshodukhi, Alanoud Ahmed Abdulrahman Bindahmsh, Mustafa Abdulrahman Sahal Alotaibi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 252-261

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 08-September-2023

Abstract: Prevention is most effective in reducing the risk of dengue infection, especially in endemic nations such as the Philippines. For the implementation of disease control strategies, assessing public knowledge, public health practices, and health attitudes about dengue fever is important. In the Philippines, from June to February, Dengue is widespread in all regions and is considered a significant public health issue that triggers outbreaks in this wet season. The objectives of this study were to assess public knowledge and examine dengue-related health practices among residents of Barangay San Isidro, Subic, Zambales. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used with a sample size of 500 respondents using the purposive sampling method. This study revealed that most of the residents are knowledgeable about the mode of transmission, vector, and peak biting time of dengue mosquitoes. Despite the high number of reported cases in their community, the respondents also showed good practices on how to avoid dengue transmission, following the 4S Kontra Dengue by the Department of Health.

Keywords: Dengue fever, Awareness, Attitude, 4S Kontra Dengue.

Title: KNOWLEDGE, AWARENESS, AND PRACTICES ABOUT DENGUE FEVER AMONG RESIDENTS IN AN URBAN AREA IN ZAMBALES: ADHERENCE TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF 4S KONTRA DENGUE

Author: Argel Joseph C. Mayo

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 246-251

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 04-September-2023

Abstract: A systematic literature review was undertaken to scientifically explore which interventions improve patient flow in emergency departments. Studies were excluded if they did not present data on waiting time, length of stay, patients leaving the emergency department without being seen or other flow parameters based on a non-selected material of patients. Results: The interventions were grouped into streaming, fast track, team triage, point-of-care testing (performing laboratory analysis in the emergency department), and nurse-requested Scientific evidence on the effect of fast track on waiting time, length of stay, and left without being seen was moderately strong. The effect of team triage on left without being seen was relatively strong, but the evidence for all other interventions was limited or insufficient. Conclusions: Introducing fast track for patients with less severe symptoms results in shorter waiting time, shorter length of stay, and fewer patients leaving without being seen. Team triage, with a physician in the team, will probably result in shorter waiting time and shorter length of stay and most likely in fewer patients leaving without being seen. There is only limited scientific evidence that streaming of patients into different tracks, performing laboratory analysis in the emergency department or having nurses to request certain x-rays results in shorter waiting time and length of stay.

Keywords: Patient flow, Emergency departments.

Title: Systematic review of triage-related interventions to improve patient flow in emergency departments

Author: Noeer Fahes Alenezi, Hela Freah Alenezi, Hind Suleman Alenazi, Abdulrahman Eid Alsuaibi, Hattan Mohammed Khushaim, Khalil Ibrahim Shubayli, Hana Doughim Almutairi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 237-245

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 04-September-2023

Abstract: Tuna species are the large group of important fishes that belong to the Scombridae family, covers more than 50 different species, are significant in supplying a global market. Tuna widely consumed worldwide as fresh or canned. Considering that tuna fish, like other scombroid fish, is commonly associated with cases and outbreaks Histamine Food Poisoning (HFP). Histamine is identified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a major chemical hazard of seafood products. The aim of the present study was to search and review the findings from the scientific published literature studies focusing on determination of histamine levels in commercial canned tuna. The results of the data search, remaining 11 articles  were suitable in this review. The histamine levels in canned tuna were determined in this study by using ELISA, HPLC or a rapid test method. Samples of commercial canned tuna from different countries were analysed and found to have histamine levels that were within the acceptable range. Histamine level that is considered to be permissible in fish and fishery products differs by country. In the United States (US), a histamine level of 50 mg/ kg is considered indicative of fish spoilage, while the European Union (EU) has established an acceptable histamine level of 200 mg/ kg for fish belonging to the Scombridae, Clupeidae, Engraulidae, Coryphaenidae, Pomatomidae, and Scomberesocidae families.

Keywords: Determination, histamine levels, commercial, canned tuna.

Title: DETERMINATION OF HISTAMINE LEVELS IN COMMERCIAL CANNED TUNA

Author: Desak Gde Diah Dharma Santhi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 228-236

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 25-August-2023

Abstract: Aim: Building a Global Perspective on the Vulnerability of Chronic Patients to the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Method: This systematic integrative review harmonized findings from both developed and developing countries concerning the vulnerability of chronic patients during the Covid-19 pandemic. Searches were conducted using the Web of Science, Scopus, and Social Science Citation, focusing on articles published from late 2019 to early 2023. The search yielded 333 articles, of which 24 were selected after rigorous application of the selection criteria. The review adhered to the 17-item PRISMA-P checklist and utilized the Critical Appraisal Skills Programmed (CASP) to measure the methodological quality, ensuring a rigorous methodological standard.

Findings and Discussion: The effects of Covid-19 on chronic patients were synthesized into five themes and accompanying sub-themes: Health System Weaknesses: Chronic patients faced increased risks in developing countries due to pre-existing health system vulnerabilities. Patient Behavior: The behaviors of chronic patients also contributed to their increased susceptibility to Covid-19. Diagnostic Challenges: Possible incorrect diagnostics occurred, with laboratories being overwhelmed or malfunctioning during the pandemic. Treatment Delays: Chronic patients faced treatment delays as ICU equipment in developing countries became overbooked, and ICU beds were scarce. Policy Implications: The over-concentration of resources on controlling the pandemic had adverse consequences for chronic patients and other vulnerable groups.

Recommendations: The Covid-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on health delivery, disproportionately affecting chronic patients. Evidence has shown that these patients were neglected during the outbreak, revealing the inadequacy of the existing response to chronic health issues in a crisis. While policy directives focused on controlling the pandemic, these often-had detrimental implications for chronic patients and other vulnerable populations.

Several recommendations have been made on the treatment of chronic patients during outbreaks, emphasizing the need for a more comprehensive and empathetic approach. Furthermore, there is a need for studies examining post-pandemic health delivery patterns for chronic patients, ensuring that the lessons learned from this crisis inform future health policies and practices.

This review sheds light on the complex interplay between the Covid-19 pandemic and the care of chronic patients. A multifaceted approach that recognizes the unique needs of these patients is vital for enhancing resilience and preparedness in future health crises. Policymakers and healthcare providers must consider these insights carefully to design more effective, compassionate, and inclusive strategies for managing chronic patients during pandemics.

Keywords: Covid-19; Chronic Patients; Systematic Integrative Review; Vulnerability to Covid-19 Pandemic; Covid-19 Restrictions.     

Title: Harnessing Evidence of Effects of Covid-19 and Recommendations for Mitigating the Impacts of Pandemic on Chronic Patients: A Systematic Integrative Review

Author: KOLOG STEPHEN DOKROUG, LINDA HYDE-QUARTEY, AHOTOVI THOMAS AHOTO

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 216-227

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 16-August-2023

Abstract: Antimicrobial therapy is one of the most important medical developments of the 20th century; however, the spread of drug resistance in health care settings and in the community threatens the enormous benefits that antibiotic therapy offers. Infections caused by resistant bacteria cause more than two times the rate of adverse events compared with similar infections caused by susceptible strains. These adverse events may be clinical or economic and primarily reflect failure or delay in antibiotic therapy. The magnitude of these side effects becomes more pronounced as disease severity, strain virulence, or host susceptibility increases. The negative effects of antibiotic resistance can be measured at the patient level by increasing morbidity and mortality, at the healthcare level by increasing resource use, higher costs and reduce hospital performance, and at the societal level by broader empiric antibiotic treatment guidelines. treatments. therapy. In this review, we will discuss the negative impact of antibiotic resistance on patients, health care systems, and society.

Keywords: Antibiotic, antimicrobial, infection, resistance, selective pressure.

Title: Review Paper On: The Negative Impact of Antibiotic Resistance

Author: Sameer Yahya Al Malki, Sultan Hamad B Alkhaibari, Bassam Mushabbab A Alshahrani

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 202-209

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 14-August-2023

Abstract: Objective—To get nurses and assistants' perspectives on why patients in acute care hospitals fall.  Background—Despite the abundance of quantitative evidence to guide the assessment of fall risk  and the absence of high-tech, rare, or expensive equipment to prevent falls, falls remain a serious problem in hospital.  Methods—Basic content analysis methods were used to interpret descriptive data from 4 focus groups with nurses (n = 23) and 4 with assistants (n = 19). A 2-person consensus approach was used for the analysis.  Outcomes—Positive and negative components of 6 concepts—patient reporting, access to information, signage, environment, teamwork, and patient/family involvement—form 2 main categories: knowledge/communication and skills/actions that respectively facilitate or hinder fall prevention. Conclusion—Two conditions are required to reduce patient falls. A patient care plan that includes current and accurate fall risk status with relevant and achievable interventions should be agreed upon by all stakeholders (whole care team). health, patients and families) easily and immediately. Second, stakeholders should use this information, along with their own knowledge and skills, and patient and hospital resources, to implement the plan.

Keywords: acute care hospitals, environment, teamwork, patient care.

Title: A review study on Patients' Fall in Acute Care Hospitals, Can Falls Be Prevented?

Author: Nowair falje zniah alanzi, Maha Halel Alenzi, Monifa Mayof saud Alanazi, Horiyah Farj al anazi, Azizah Saho Alshammari, Lina Mohammed alanazi, Latefah Issa Alenezy, Raghad Ali Abdullah Alrafidi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 210-215

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 14-August-2023

Abstract: Background: Emergency healthcare workers, including trainees and individuals in related occupations are at heightened risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression owing to work-related stressors. We aimed to investigate the type, frequency, and severity of direct trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress symptoms and other psychopathology amongst paramedic trainees. In order to create a risk profile for individuals who are at higher occupational risk of developing PTSD, we examined risk and resilience factors that possibly contributed to the presence and severity of posttraumatic symptomatology.

Methods: Paramedic trainees (n = 131) were recruited from a local university. A logistic regression analysis was conducted using the explanatory variables age, gender, population group, trauma exposure, depression, alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, resilience and social support.

Results: 94% of paramedic trainees had directly experienced trauma, with 16% meeting PTSD criteria. A high rate of depression (28%), alcohol abuse (23%) and chronic perceived stress (7%) and low levels of social support was found. The number of previous trauma exposures, depression, resilience and social support significantly predicted PTSD status and depression had a mediating effect.

Conclusion: There is a need for efficient, ongoing screening of depressive and PTSD symptomatology in trauma exposed high risk groups so that early psychological supportive interventions can be offered.

Keywords: Trauma, Posttraumatic stress disorder, Paramedic trainees, Emergency medical workers.

Title: Trauma Exposure, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and the Effect of Explanatory Variables in Paramedic Trainees

Author: Abdulrahman Hamad Abdullah AlThawab, Sultan Ahmad abdulrahman almulhim, Khalid Abdulrahman Khalid Alotaibi, Khalid Abdulrahman Khalid Alotaibi, Aminah noman alhosain

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 195-201

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 10-August-2023

Abstract: Objectives: Although preference elicitation techniques have been effective in helping patients make decisions that match their preferences, little is known about patient preferences that influence clinicians. clinical decision-making process and improve patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate a decision support system to elicit elderly patients' preferences for self-care and to make this information available to nurses in clinical practice - particularly in clinical practice. particularly its impact on nurses' care preferences and patient preferences outcomes. and patient satisfaction.  Design: Three-group semi-experimental design with one experimental and two control groups (N = 151). In the experimental group, computer-processed information about individual patient preferences was entered into patient records for use in care planning. Results: Patient preference information changed nurses' care preferences to better match patient preferences and improve patient preference and physical activity fulfillment. In addition, greater consistency between patient preferences and nurse care preferences was associated with greater preference fulfillment and greater preference perception with higher patient satisfaction.  Conclusion: This study demonstrated that decision support to take patient preferences and incorporate them into nursing care planning is an effective and viable strategy to improve nursing care. and patient outcomes.

Keywords: helping patients, nurses' care preferences.

Title: Review Study on Decision Support for Nurse Care-Based Planning

Author: Rimah Ali Alrowaily, Mariam Wadi Alanazi, Wedad Mohamed Alrashidi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 187-194

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 10-August-2023

Abstract: Cigarette smoking is the commonest form of tobacco use globally. Tobacco related morbidity and mortality is a public health challenge with millions of deaths occurring annually. The majority of the undergraduate students studied knew that smoking can affect the lungs (96.4%), the heart (91.6%), and can lead to poor academic performance (61.6%). Those who have ever smoked were 19.2%, while 6.0% were current smokers. Most started smoking at 16-20 years (79.2%), while a few (2.1%) started at ages 11-15. About half (43.8%) smoked 4-6 sticks per day, but as many as 14.5% smoked ≥ 11 sticks per day. The most reported predisposing factor to smoking was peer pressure (78.8%). Efforts at quitting smoking had been made by 37.5%. Some had knowledge of nicotine chewing gum (31.2%) and some had used it (8.3%). No association was found between respondents’ sex and being a smoker. However, there was a significant association between knowledge of cigarette smoking as a cause of lung cancer and not smoking.

Keywords: Cigarette, tobacco, smoking, nicotine, undergraduate, students, Nigeria.

Title: CIGARETTE SMOKING AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN SOUTH EAST NIGERIA

Author: Chinyerem Cynthia Nwachukwu, Gabriel Ifeanyi Eyisi, Ifeoma Anne Njelita, Uche Marian Umeh, Chijioke Amara Ezenyeaku

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Vol. 11, Issue 1, April 2023 - September 2023

Page No: 179-186

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 09-August-2023