Vol 2 Issue 2 October 2014-March 2015

Abstract: Skin is the largest organ of the body and it is direct contact with external environment so many infectious agents invade the skin and causes much disease. Lupus vulgaris is the most common form of cutaneous tuberculosis in adults. A chronic, progressive, post-primary, paucibacillary form of cutaneous tuberculosis, occurring in a person with a moderate or high degree of immunity. The characteristic lesion is a plaque, composed of soft, reddish-brown papules, the appearance on diascopy being said to resemble apple jelly. Lupus vulgaris originates from an underlying focus of tuberculosis, typically in a bone, joint or lymph node, and arises by either contiguous extension of the disease from underlying affected tissue or by haematogenous or lymphatic spread. Sometimes the underlying focus is not clinically apparent, and in such cases reactivation of a latent cutaneous focus secondary to previous silent bacteraemia is postulated. Microscopically it is characterized by   tubercles with scanty or absent central caseation, surrounded by epithelioid histiocytes and multinucleate giant cells, which are present in the superficial dermis with prominent peripheral lymphocytes.

We reported a case of lupus vulgaris in a 22 year old female who presented with single plaque at elbow. Histopathological features of skin biopsy from plaque shows multiple non caseating granuloma suggestive of lupus vulgaris.         

Keywords: Lupus Vulgaris, Non Caseating Granuloma, Skin.

Title: Lupus Vulgaris of Elbow – A Case Report

Author: Surendra Prakash Vyas, Dharm Chand Kothari

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Breast cancers, which develop inside the ducts or lobules of the breast, phyllodes tumors start outside  the ducts and lobules. Phyllodes tumours develop in the breast’s connective tissue, called the stroma. In addition to stromal cells, phyllodes tumours can also contain cells from the ducts and lobules. In this case 35 females were identified to have a mass in the breast. All of them underwent mammography and showed the palpable mass as fibroadenomas. But one female of age 48yrhad a breast mass. The size of the mass is 125X112X85mm in the upper quadrant of left breast . A variation of  size which is different from 5mm to 12mm normal for the fibroadenomas in other females.

Keywords: Breast cancer, Phyllodes tumour, Fibro adenoma, Ducts, Lobules, Stroma.

Title: Phyllodes Tumour A Rare Finding

Author: Dr. K. Padmavathi, Dr. D. Asha latha

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Sexual route is one of the major routes of transmission for HIV/AIDS and Sexual health problems. Individuals who involved in multiple sexual partners increase their risk of getting HIV as new relationship introduces another gateway for HIV transmission. Multiple sexual partner relations increases vulnerability in transmission of HIV/AIDS. Women moving out for livelihood increases chances of vulnerability to sexual health issues through indulging in multiple partner sexual relations.  A study has conducted among women migrated to Bangalore city from different districts of Karnataka state and districts from out of Karnataka state. Parallel sexual partnership, defined as having two or more partnerships that overlap in time, also increase risk and have been recently identified as a likely driver of spread of HIV. This study provided information regarding 1000 migrant women garment workers who indulge in sex with multiple partners in Bangalore city. The study revealed that 34% of migrant women workers indulge in sex with multiple partner source and 62% at destination. It is clearly evident that the risk is increasing almost 2 folds when the women migrated for lively hood and are away from their home/source. 7.1% unmarried migrant women working in garment sector indulge in premarital sex at source. 15.5% women do sex work after working hours in the destination. It is very important to develop strategies to design sexual health programs among migrant women garment workers. Migrant women are more at risk of HIV/AIDS and Sexual health problems.

Keywords: Migrant women in garment sector, multiple sexual partners, Risk and Vulnerability of HIV/AIDS, Need have focused health programs.

Title: Addressing Emerging Needs of Migrant Women Working in Garment Sector is A Priority

Author: Syam Ratnakar Gunturu, Shashidaran Katteri, Sobha Sri Tadi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract:  In India, hemoglobinopathies are responsible for the largest number of genetic disorders and hence are of great public health hazard. Major concerned hemoglobinopathic disorders are sickle cell anemia and beta-thalassemia which are the cause of chronic ill health and financial burden to the patient. This was a hospital based study carried out at Hyderabad of Telangana state. The cases of hemoglobinopathies were identified based on clinical data, family history and red blood cell indices then hemoglobin electrophoresis was done. These disorders with genetic and biochemical components showed remarkable clinical variability ranging from mild condition to severe life threatening condition.  Out of twenty eight cases, nine cases were identified as sickle cell trait, seven as sickle beta thalassemia, seven cases were suffering from beta thalassemia and three of them from sickle cell disease and two of them were identified as having hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin. Screening and counseling of the target population can lead to a significant reduction in affected births.               

Keywords: Anaemia, Electrophoresis, Erythrocytes, Hemoglobinopathies, Sickle cell trait, beta-Thalassemia

Title: Biochemical Patterns of Hemoglobinopathies and Thalassemia Syndrome in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Telangana

Author: Archana.A.Dharwadkar, Kavita.Dharwadkar, Pragna.Rao

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: This research study investigated the utilization of health insurance services among undergraduate students of the Canadian University of Dubai in order to test the hypothesis that young adults are indifferent to coinsurance rates and insurance benefits, as they perceive themselves to be generally healthy and as a result have a low utilization for health insurance. Three questions guide this research. First, how often do the students seek healthcare services? Second, how much do the students pay as coinsurance for healthcare services, and third, are the students aware of the services covered and not covered by their health insurance plans? A 9-item survey questionnaire was administered to a sample size of the undergraduate student population (N=200). Results show that majority of the survey respondents (44%) rarely sought healthcare services, 71.5% paid less than 1,000 dirhams as coinsurance and 55.2% responded to being aware of their health insurance benefits. This supports the hypothesis that young adults are indifferent to coinsurance rates and insurance benefits and as a result have a low utilization for health insurance.

Keywords: Health insurance, insurance, utilization, coinsurance, young adults, healthcare, policy, perception.

Title: Health Insurance Utilization among Undergraduate Students of Canadian University of Dubai

Author: Hauwa Hussain Usman, Ryan Sisson, Golaleh Tavakoli, Rami El Khatib

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Development of superior colliculus in Human Fetuses aged from CRL 9.5 cm to 43.5 cm in length showed various stages of development. In fetuses of CRL 9.5 cm TD and APD are 2604 and 1624 micrometers respectively. In fetus CRL 43.5 cm TD and APD 4200 and 2100 micrometers respectively. The cell size is increased on average 4.88 micrometers at CRL 9.5 cm to 8.78 micrometers at CRL 43.5 cm.

There has been reduction in the number of cells from (9.5 cm CRL) from 11,880 to 4554 per mm² cells. In 43.5 CRL the cell have been reduced in number from 3168 to 1980 per mm² cells.

Keywords: Superior colliculus, morphogenesis, histogenesis and lamination.

Title: Morphometry and Cytoarchitecture of Superior Colliculus in Human Fetal Brains

Author: Dr. M. Sri Hari Babu, Dr. P. Lakshmana Rao, Dr.D. Asha Latha                             

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The Accessory spleen is a small nodule of splenic tissue found apart from the body of spleen. It is also called super numerary spleen, splenicule or spleniculum. They are found approximately in 10 % of population and are typically around 1 cm in diameter. In the present study 55 spleens from embalmed cadavers were collected during routine dissection in the department of Anatomy, Andhra medical college for a period of 8 years. They were preserved in 10% formalin solution. In the present study of accessory spleens, it was observed that out of 55 spleens only 7 spleens are showing accessory spleens.

Keywords: Spleen, Accessory spleen, Hilum of spleen.

Title: Study of Accessory Spleen

Author: Dr. K. Deena Usha Kumari, Dr. Lakshmi sailaja, Dr. D. Asha latha

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Guggul is a small thorny tree and an important herb in Ayurveda treatments. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Guggul paste application on Intravenous infiltration among hospitalised patients. An experimental pre-test post-test control group design was used. 60 patients having intravenous infiltration were randomly assigned to the experimental and control group. Guggul paste was applied on the infiltrated site and observations were carried out using the Infusion nurses’ society infiltration scale at an interval of 12 hours for three days. Results indicated that both guggul application and other standard care measures like magnesium sulphate  dressing, warm compress, thrombophob ointment application were effective in reducing Intravenous infiltration however guggul was slightly better (p<0.05). Further investigation on a larger sample is required to generalise the findings.

Keywords: Guggul, Intravenous Infiltration, Thrombophob Ointment, Hot Fomentation

Title: Effectiveness of Guggul Application on Intravenous Infiltration

Author: Dr. Sripriya Gopalkrishnan, Praneeta Kamble,

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: During the routine dissection in the department of anatomy AMC for medical students we have observed variations in the donated male cadaver of Sri. MANDAPATI KRISHNA MURTHY aged about 72 Years, by occupation who was a pharmacist in government service. He had never experienced any clinical complications in spite of the presence of numerous anatomical variations. Lateral deviation of rectus abdominis muscle on the left side. Hypertrophied liver with large nodule over the superior surface with associated accessory lobes over caudate & quadrate lobes on visceral surface and an intra hepatic gall bladder.  Stomach showed normal size but an hour glass contraction, was observed. Renal vascular arrangement showed accessory renal artery and vein on left side and additional renal arteries on both right and left kidneys, and the anatomical position of pelvises of both kidneys showed anterior prominence.

Keywords: Rectus divarication, Stomach, Renal artery, Hypertrophy liver.

Title: Multiple Anamolies in a Single Male Cadaver

Author: Dr. D. Asha Latha, Dr. K. Deena usha kumara, Dr. Radhika

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Tobacco use among college students have been increasing worldwide, especially in developing countries like India. Some studies have an association between tobacco use among students and tobacco use among siblings or family members. The risk of tobacco use among students is also increased by having friends who are smokers. Exposures to tobacco advertisements, poor scholastic performance, high pocket money etc are other possible risk factors. A cross sectional study was conducted among 300 male college students from an arts and science college in Pathanamthitta district of Kerala state, to find out the prevalence of tobacco smoking and risk factors for the same. The prevalence of smoking was 26.7% (95% CI 21.6% to 31.8%). The mean age at which they started smoking was found to be 17.43 with the minimum age of 12 and the maximum age of 21 years. 56.3% of the students said they started smoking because of peer pressure while 46.3% said that they started for fun. Also, smoking among respondents was significantly associated with having friends as smokers (p < 0.001, OR (95% CI)- 13.72 (6.04 to 31.15)) or family members as smokers. (p- 0.001, OR (95% CI)- 2.33(1.38 to 3.94)). The study points towards a need to have a comprehensive tobacco control policy and stricter implementation of the law, with regards to control of tobacco. The focus should be on limiting the supply as well as the demand, for tobacco products.

Keywords: College students, India, smoking, tobacco control.

Title: Prevalence and Risk Factors for Tobacco Smoking, Among College Students of South India

Author: Dr. Philip Mathew, Indiradevi ER, Srijith R, Mathew T, Varghese V, Vijayan V

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Over two million deaths are delayed through immunization each year worldwide. Despite this, vaccine preventable diseases remain the most common cause of childhood mortality .with an estimated three million deaths each year, This field work summarises the main activities and findings of polio eradication activities in Nigeria, from 1Feb to 30April 2012. 33 health facilities and 3 hospitals were visited in order to assess the immunisation activates and surveillance system .The keys activities included technical support in Feb and March IPDs, community sensitization by visiting community leader to solve NC, training personnel, validating and reviewing micro plan in ward and LGAs level ,reviewing high risk operational plan in high risk LGA. The main key finding include Poor quality of training in ward level, there was no training material for (OPV), absenteeism and non comfortable place for training, Missed children and missed settlements reported in Feb and March IPDs in some ward due to inadequate number of teams ,  dishonest teams and poor close supervision. The main recommendations include State team should continue advocate for political engagement to support the successes polio eradication activities, Intensified monitoring and supervision at field level during the IPDs by all level of supervisors is great solution for improving team performance and reach the missed children, Generalize the pilot team to the rest of LGAs in the state especially in improving the program, team performance, coverage and reducing non compliance and missed children, Intensify supportive supervision to the surveillance site by the State, WHO officers and the LGA Facilitator.

Keywords: Immunisation, Assessment, Activities, Jigawa.

Title: Assessment of Expanded Program on Immunisation’s Activities in Jigawa State

Author: Dawria, Adam, Ahmed, M. Hussein

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant epithelial neoplasm most commonly presents in the minor salivary glands and also present in the respiratory tract as counterpart of salivary gland tumor arising from a sub mucosal gland of the trachea bronchial tree in the respiratory tract. ACC of the lung and bronchus are rare locally aggressive malignant tumor often require extensive surgery or palliative therapy is given in cases of inoperable tumor.  We report a case of ACC of bronchus in a 30 year old male presenting with the chief complaints of non-productive cough and haemoptysis.

Keywords: Adenoid cystic carcinoma, Bronchus, Salivary gland.

Title: Primary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Bronchus- A Rare Case Report

Author: Neelu Gupta, Dharm Chand Kothari, Hansa choudhary

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Rupture of uterus is defined as disruption in the continuity of all uterine layers (endometrium, myometrium & serosal) any time beyond 28 weeks of pregnancy. The overall incidence of uterine rupture is 1 in 2,000 deliveries. Improved obstetric care reduces the rupture from obstructed labor but there has been increased prevalence of scar rupture following increased incidence of caesarean section over the years1. Maternal Mortality reported varies from 8-25% which is far higher in the spontaneous rupture group rather than in the scar rupture group. Compound presentation is defined as an extremity prolapsed beside the main presenting fetal part. The reported incidences ranges from 1-377 to 1-1213 deliveries. The combination of an upper extremity and the vertex is the most common type of compound presentation as has been observed in the present case. Perinatal mortality is as high as 80-95% in the spontaneous rupture group but only 15-20% in the scar rupture group. A fetal mortality rate of 4.8% has been noted if no intervention is required, compared with 14.4% with intervention other than caesarean delivery2. Although maternal age, race, parity and pelvic size have been associated with compound presentation, prematurity is the most common consistent clinical finding.

Title: A case of rupture uterus with compound presentation

Author: Rekhalatha

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Non-compliance with practitioner recommended contact lens wear and care regimens remains a persistent clinical problem that is why this this study was conducted to identify common eye problems associated with contact lenses wear, and to estimate the actual causes and risk factors of eye problems in contact lens wearers, also to understand the patient’s behaviors during contact lens wear and their awareness about the eye problems in relation with contact lens wearing, this study was conducted in the outpatient’s clinic of ophthalmology in security forces hospital in Riyadh, Patient non-compliance with instructions for proper lens care is partly at fault. The general phenomenon of patient non-compliance has been widely studied, We report here on 100 consecutive patients fit with contact lenses . The results from this study indicate that the discouraging majority of contact lenses users illustrate a reasonable level of knowledge with regard to conformity with specialist recommended wear and care techniques. This was particularly obvious with regard to overall contact lens utilization, the significance of using fresh solution regularly and regular contact lens case replacement.

Title: Community Awareness about Common Problems Associated With Contact Lenses Wear

Author: Maha Alshammari, Dr. Ashraf Bakhsh

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Studies conducted in Saudi Arabia showed low levels of use of contraceptives. Low use of contraceptives among Saudi women might be due to religious issues. Aim of the study was to assess attitudes towards contraceptives use among Saudi women. Study design was descriptive cross sectional of ever married Saudi females living in Riyadh city. Study procedure was through self administered questionnaire uploaded via Google drive and was distributed via twitter and facebook. Sample size was 305 ever married females (who responded to the online questionnaire). It was found that 86.6% of women have ever used contraception, and the most commonly used method were contraceptive pills (64.9%).Attitude of females towards contraception was affected by their working status. Also, husband approval was a significant factor improving female attitude towards contraceptives. It is worth mentioning that living in extended family, having chronic disease or education of either the women or her husband had no effect on women’s attitude towards contraceptives. It is recommended to conduct health education programs regarding contraceptives; their side effects and safety in all primary care clinics in Saudi Arabia. Sustained efforts should be done to increase awareness and motivation for proper contraceptive use. Men should not be ignored in receiving education on birth control methods. Initiation of specialized family planning clinics that offers better counseling might raise the rate of contraceptive use based on good decision making and choice of suitable method.

Title: Attitude towards Contraceptives Use among Saudi Women

Author: Samira M. Mahboub, Sabah M. Abdelkader, Ahad Al-Muhanna, Fatima Al-Musallam, Jenan Al-Ghannam, Sitah Al-Munyif

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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