Vol 2 Issue 2 October 2014-March 2015

Abstract: The prosthetic restoration of small edentulous spans poses a dilemma when the adjacent teeth do not require crowns. It is difficult to justify extensive reduction of the djacent teeth to support a conventional fixed partial denture. A single-tooth implant is an alternative but not the treatment of choice for many patients due to anatomic limitations and economical issues. Conservation of tooth structures precipitated the development of the resin bonded bridge. Such conservative procedures present limitations in esthetics and retention but with recent innovations in the acid-etch technique have led to new alternative to traditional treatment for esthetic and restorative procedure.

Keyword: Adhesive, Crown, Missing tooth, Esthetics.

Title: Resin Bonded Bridge: A Subtle Alternative for Restoring Single Missing Tooth

Author:  Prateek Mishra, Sneha S. Mantri, Suryakant Deogade, Pushkar Gupta

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Radiation therapy is currently employed in managing approximately 50% of cancer patients worldwide with the aim of controlling the tumour without incurring unacceptable harm to surrounding normal tissue. It is recommended that the dose delivered to the patient be monitored with a dosimeter as part of quality assurance (QA) procedure. This however is not the case in a number of institutions, including the Oncology Unit of Ghana. Hence there is the need to perform in vivo dosimetry to check accuracy of actual absorbed dose delivered to the patient.

The study was aimed at performing in-vivo entrance dose dosimetry using thermo-luminescent dosimeters (TLDs) to verify the accuracy of the radiation delivered to patients as compared to prescribed doses.

An experimental study design, using a convenience sampling method, was used to conduct a study with 14 patients undergoing radiotherapy for cancers of the head and neck, spinal, pelvic and breast regions at the study site. A water phantom calibration was done using the recommended IAEA method. Calibration coefficients were determined with TLDs, using a Perspex phantom to derive correction factors. Patients’ doses were measured with TLDs during treatment.

The findings of the study showed that radiation dose administered to patients increased with field size but decreased with depth as established in literature. The highest frequency of percentage errors occurred between the interval of 4-4.99% and the lowest within the 5-5.99% interval. Also, the mean absolute percentage error of the measured doses from the prescribed doses was 3.01% with a standard deviation of 1.59%.

Radiation doses delivered to patients were acceptable within the recommended tolerance level of ±5%. This demonstrates the importance of in-vivo dosimetry in verifying the absorbed dose received by patients during radiotherapy.

Keywords: Absorbed dose, Entrance dose, Radiotherapy, Perspex phantom.

Title: In-Vivo Dosimetry Using Thermo-Luminescent Dosimeters in a Cobalt-60 Beam In a Developing Country

Author: Samuel Y. Opoku, Kofi Adesi Kyei, Joel Yarney, Pearl Lawson, Samuel N. A. Tagoe, Eric K. T. Addison

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a blood-borne virus. The HIV infection is associated with several dermatological conditions which may be the first pointer towards the existence of HIV. These may present with unusual and atypical manifestations in the course of the HIV infection. The cutaneous manifestations can serve as a dependable marker of the HIV disease.Due to immunosuppression, the HIV seropositive persons have multiple and widespread cutaneous and mucocutaneous lesions, whereas in immunocompetent patients, the lesions are localized and are mostly of the single type.OBJECTIVE: To observe the nature and frequency of mucocutaneous manifestations in patients of HIV, with or without antiretroviral therapy.MATERIALS AND METHODS:To study the skin and mucocutaneous manifestations serum samples are received from various clinically suspected cases.  Age and sex distribution of the seropositivepatients are considered.  This prospective study was conducted over a period of six months from January 2014 to June 2014 with following aims and objectives. During this period consecutive non repetitive 150 serum samples received from clinically suspected patients were tested for the presence of  various skin and mucocutaneous manifestations among hiv positive patients by HIV tridot method. RESULTS:Among these, HIV test by Tridot was positive in 45(30%) samples. Among HIV positive samples 54.28% were from males and 45.71% from females. Our study findings are contrary to the belief. Therefore it is recommended that larger sample based studies may be taken up in which may throw better light on the seroprevalence and clinical presentations of prevalance of skin and mucocutaneous diseases in HIV positive patients.

Keywords: HIV, Mucocutaneous, Seroprevalance, Immunocompetant.

Title: Prevalance of Various Skin and Mucocutaneous Diseases in Hiv Seropositive Patients Attending Teritiary Care Hospital, Nellore City, A.P.

Author: MARIA SINDHURA JOHN, MEENAKSHI KANTE, RAVI KUMAR THAYYURU, P. SREENIVASULU REDDY

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The newer concept of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment is attainment of facial harmony as the main goal. To predict the changes in soft tissue profile over time has still remained a challenge. This article mainly describes the importance of soft tissues which is required for treatment planning in orthodontics. The aim of present study is to find out the relation between lower compartment of nasolabial angle and inclination of upper incisor.  This study used the cephalometric radiographs of 82 subjects. All the patients were randomly selected from orthodontic department of Manubhai Patel Dental College. The nasolabial angle was constructed and divided in upper and lower compartment according to Scheideman. Both these compartment were compared with upper incisor inclination. No relationship found between lower compartment of nasolabial angle and upper incisor inclination. We cannot blindly depend on acute nasolabial angle as criteria to retract upper anterior to achieve lip fallback.

Title: Effect Of Incisor Procumbency On Soft Tissue Nasolabial Angle – Do The Numeric Values Really Matter?

Author: Dr. Pratik Gandhi, Dr. Kalpesh Patel, Dr. Hina Desai, Dr. Nikunj Patel, Dr. Milind Patel, Dr. Viral Harsora, Dr. Wasim Patel

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: In many parts of the world Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) causes serious problems related to health. There is a need in the medical community system for the early screening of the eye in order to detect the diseases that cause the blindness (Eg: DR). This aided as a motivation for many people who worked on the automated system for the analysis of the retinal images by using the image processing techniques. These features are utilized by the classifiers to grade DR into different stages according to the disease condition and thus indicating the severity. This paper aims at study of the different classifiers that can be used for the grading of DR.

Keywords: Classifiers, Artificial neural network, Support vector machine, test set, training set, Fuzzy logic, Multilayer perceptron, Back propagation algorithm, hidden layers.

Title: A Survey on Different Classifiers for Medical Diagnosis and Grading: Application to Diabetic Retinopathy

Author: Mamatha.B.V, Srilatha L Rao, Deepashree Devaraj, Dr.S.C.Prasanna Kumar

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a term used to describe malignant tumours originating in the upper aerodigestive tract, including the oral cavity, larynx, pharynx and nasopharynx. Majority (90%) of cancers are squamous cell carcinomas arising from epithelial mucus membrane.1 HNCs are among the ten most frequent cancers and are the sixth most common cancers worldwide. They constitute five percent of all cancers accounting for more than 550,000 cases annually. Incidence rate is more than twice as high in males and is showing an increase in most parts of the world.

Title: Comparative Evaluation of Sucralfate and Honey in Oral Mucositis amongst Patients of Head and Neck Cancers Receiving Radiotherapy and Concurrent Chemotherapy

Author: Rajiv Kumar Devgan, Sandeep Kaur, Jatinder Singh, Dinesh Kumar Sharma

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Several countries in western Africa are currently contending with the world's deadliest Ebola outbreak. Recently World Health Organisation has declared the Ebola virus is spreading exponentially across Liberia as patients fill taxis in a fruitless search for medical cares. “When patients are turned away at Ebola treatment centers, they have no choice but to return to their communities and homes, where they inevitably infect others, perpetuating constantly higher flare-ups in the number of cases.” Healthcare workers are being especially hard hit there. “Some 152 health care workers have been infected and 79 have died,” WHO said. When the outbreak began, Liberia had only one doctor to treat nearly 100,000 people in a total population of 4.4 million people. Every infection or death of a doctor or nurse depletes response capacity significantly.” In developed countries that hit a bit closer over the past week, three hospitals in New York City have isolated and tested patients suspected of potential Ebola infection. Though condition is not same elsewhere men are looking solitary as no licensed vaccine for EVD yet is available. Several vaccines are being tested, but none are available for clinical use. No specific treatment is available. Only measures are, severely ill patients require intensive supportive care, patients are frequently dehydrated and require oral rehydration with solutions containing electrolytes or intravenous fluids. In the absence of effective treatment and a human vaccine, raising awareness of the risk factors for Ebola infection and the protective measures individuals can take is the only way to reduce human infection and death. Considering the gravity of situation here auther has taken an attempt to highlight the situation so that doctor, resaercher come forward to explore their afforts for saving homusepience from an epidamic. Here attempt also to aware People to come forward with preventive measures; as from history author believes social men is the first to invent ways to combat odds for its existence.

Title: Modern Era’s Most Acute Health Crisis Outbreak of Viral Disease Ebola - a Survey

Author: Archi Ghosh

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Self-medication, a form of self-care, is a topic of growing interest among researchers and health policy makers, owing to a plethora of advantages and disadvantages associated with its practice in general population. There is paucity of adequate information about this issue, especially in developing countries; there is much public and professional concern about the irrational use of drugs. The prevalence rates are high all over the world; up to 68% in European countries, while much higher in the developing countries with rates going as high as 92% in the adolescents of Kuwait. The outcome of this study will provide data regarding reasons, public awareness and safety aspects of self-medication among Suez Canal university students. To reduce of consequences of medication misuse through describing pattern of self-medication misuse. To determine the prevalence, attitude and knowledge of self- -medication amongst Suez Canal University.  This cross-sectional, study was conducted from March, 2014. A Simple random sample was taken from University student, males and females at Faculty of Commerce, Suez Canal University. Data was collected by an interviewer- administered questionnaire, coded and entered into the Microsoft Office Excel program (2010). IBM SPSS Statistics (20) Program was used for data analysis. From the 90 participants (mean age=26 ± 18 years) the prevalence of self-medication was 91.1%Self-medication misuse is most common in rural (96.15%) than in urban (89%). In our study we found that males who use medicines without prescription 90% ,while females 94.8% .the most common reason for self-medication was (44.4% used the medicine for an urgent purpose. 42.4 use it because of laziness. 6.7% use medicines without prescription because the financial status prevent them from going to the doctor).while the most common used medicines without prescription are painkiller and antibiotics , we also found that 28.9%of the people having medicines without prescription had side effects.65.6% had no side effects, the common side effects were headaches and malaise  and the most common reason was to be prescripted by a doctor or a pharmacist previously, 21.1% was to be described by someone,10% was to be self-prescripted. The prevalence of self-medication was high among rural females This indicates the importance of education and awareness. The study also revealed confidence of the doctor’s and pharmacist’s opinion or advice, the financial status also prevents them from going to the doctor. Although generally people have nowledge, but more awareness on self-medication is needed.

Keywords:  Self- Medication Misuse, University Student.

University:  Suez Canal University, Egypt

Title: Patterns of Self-Medication Misuse among University Students

Author:  Ahmed Mostafa, Alaa Hany, Esraa Ayed, Eman Ali, Bassant Fathy, Dina Khalil, Sohaila Soliman, Shrouk Hasan, Shymaa Abd El razek, Marina Emad, Mohamed Mousa

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The lateral wall of nasal cavity of the human body shows wide variations. Familiarity with the variations in sinonasal anatomy is a prerequisite for safe and effective surgical treatment of sinonasal disease. In this study nasal endoscope was used in conjunction with cadaveric sagittal section of head to locate the accessory maxillary ostia. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of occurrence and location of accessory maxillary ostia by both nasal endoscopy & cadaveric dissection. A total of 50 patients with chronic sinusitis were studied by nasal endoscope and the anatomical variations of ostiomeatal complex were identified, data collected and photographed. Accessory maxillary ostia were present in 22% of subjects. In view of these variations, anatomic knowledge is essential for safe and effective endoscopic sinus surgery.

Keyword: Paranasal sinuses; accessory maxillary ostium; variations; nasal endoscopy.

Title: Anatomical Study of Accessory Maxillary Ostia and Its Surgical Importance

Author: Bharathi.D, Komala.B, Reshma Sharath

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is one of the most common tick-borne diseases among dog population of Gujarat and is caused by Ehrlichia canis. The present report deals with clinical management of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in a Basset Hound dog presented at TVCC, Anand, Gujarat with a history of persistent high body temperature, weakness, ocular discharge, dehydration and tick infestation. Ticks were collected and identified as Rhipicephalus sanguineus under stereoscopic microscope. Peripheral blood smear examination revealed intracytoplasmic morulae of Ehrlichia canis responsible for CME. Hematobiochemical parameters were analyzed. Therapeutic management included oxytetracycline @ 10 mg/kg intravenously once followed by doxycycline @ 10 mg/kg orally for next 15 days along with other supportive measures. Dog recovered uneventfully 15 days post-treatment. Results suggests continuous monitoring, specific and appropriate supportive therapy as well as owner’s compliance are key factors in reversing clinical signs in CME affected dog.

Keywords: Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, Ehrlichia canis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, oxytetracycline, doxycycline

Title: Clinical Management of Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis in a Basset Hound Dog – A Case Report

Author: C. M. Bhadesiya, S. K. Raval, D. M. Patel, Neha Rao

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences  

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: a neurosurgeon is made by Helicase 4 to 6 genes of Epstein Barr Virus (4 to 6 Helicase gene of EBV); for this was it is made to surge tumor cells in patients of medulloblastoma and glioma in both animals and human clinical trial phase- III. In this case it will act by surgical procedure himself (surgical neurooncology procedure) by acting as neurosurgeon inside tumor cells in both patients of medulloblastoma and glioma of human and mice phase –III; in this case the well doing is seizure of gene 5 of EBV and the other is scalpel. Of these tumors (medulloblastoma and glioma) of animal cells and human 10 % were fully treated by removing NOTCHES of c-AMP of medulloblastoma (neuroprimitive ectodermal tumors of cerebellum in embryo and children) and primitive neuroectodermal sheath of skull (glioma in young and adults) by Helicase gene 4 and 6 (scalpel process). Other issue is to find a medium inside cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of both tumors by Helicase gene itself in destroying plasmodesmata between cells of tumor by artificial plasmosomes (synthesized in self funded laboratories). The EBV is fully power in its enzyme (Helicase gene from 4 to 6 with fully length density 2000 of plasmosomes due to it will act as a neurosurgeon in its needed. Other thing it will act as scalpel in its issue without any toxic side effects.

Keywords:  Helicase gene of 4 to 6 genes of Epstein Barr Virus; plasmodesmata of brain tumor cells; EBV (Epstein Barr Virus) 5¹⁰ Kbp in length and 5000mcg in shape of dose in brain tumors surgery (surgeon); 2000 of density of plasmosomes of same species of artificial tumors cell; EBV (targeted therapy); desmomata of tumor cells especially medulloblastoma and glioma in the mouse brain clinical trial phase- III in animal cells and human tissue culture cells; the surgical neuroonclogist gene 5 EXON 5'-ATAGCTTTAGGGGGCTCT-'3 of Epstein Barr Virus long series Helicase gene 4 to 6; valvular heart tumor (papillary fibroelastomas).

Title: Advanced Surgical Neurooncology

Author: Ahmad Issa Ahmad Funjan

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) occurring extra-cranially are rare compared to their intracranial counterpart. The potential for expansion of these AVMs throughout life with soft tissue invasion, bleeding, deformity, and functional deficits has led to much concern in terms of management. We report a case of shoulder AVM in a boy and the management dilemma it poses when he presented with multiple bleeding episodes from the ulcerated mass.

A 13-year-old boy was referred for bleeding due to an infected right shoulder ulcer for 3 years. Angiogram done previously showed a right shoulder AVM. There was no bleeding, pain or ulceration at that time. Embolization was done twice. However, he was admitted with recurrent episodes of bleeding managed by repeated embolization. We were unable to completely identify/embolise all feeding vessels to the AVM. His wound remained dirty, easily bleed during dressing change and he required repeated blood transfusions.

A multidisciplinary team was involved, including vascular surgeons, interventional radiologists, plastic surgeons, paediatric orthopaedic surgeons and an orthopaedic oncologic surgeon. Management options were discussed. It was clear that excision was not feasible as it extends to the neck region. A conservative option in the form of “embolise if bleed” seemed to be the most feasible option.

Keywords: Arteriovenous malformations; angioembolization; extra-cranial; shoulder.

Title: A Case of Extra-Cranial Shoulder Arterio-Venous Malformation And Its Management Challenge; Case Report

Author: Haj Hamad Mohammed, Azim Idris, Hanafiah Harunarrashid

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The present study was a retrospective and prospective study of skin tumours during the period September 2004 to September 2011. Total 133 cases presented as skin tumours of these 53 cases (39.84%) were histologically diagnosed as benign and 80 cases (60.16%) were diagnosed as malignant lesions. The ratio of benign to malignant skin tumours was 0.66:1 indicating predominance of malignant lesions.

Total 15405 specimens were received in the histopathology section during the study period from September 2004 to September 2011. Out of these 3200 were diagnosed as cancers of various sites in the body and cancers of skin accounted for 80(2.5 %) cases.

In the present study the most common malignancy was squamous cell carcinoma with occurrence of 46.25% cases of total skin malignancies followed by basal cell carcinoma (26.25%),verrucous carcinoma (5%), adnexal carcinoma (7.5%) and malignant melanoma (11.25%).

Keywords: skin tumours, malignant lesons, cancers, and carcinoma.

Title: Histopathological Study of Skin Tumours

Author: Dr.Shivanand Gundalli, Dr.Rutuja kolekar, Dr.Kaveri Pai, Dr.Amit kolekar

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: We conduct this study to determine whether measles surveillance system is active and flowing WHO standards. This study was conducted in Ombada Locality in Khartoum State capital of Sudan, Descriptive, and cross-sectional facility based study was conducted to Assess Measles surveillance System. This study designed to cover all surveillance facilities (n= 92). Our study found that all surveillance sites kept their weekly report (100%) timely and in completeness, about (13%)  of the selected focal persons they were not aware about measles case definition while ( 87% )with full awareness, only 4.3% surveillance priority site receiving feedback from locality or state level and 95.7% never received any feedback and Our study revealed that a good documentation and setting in all surveillance faculties were showed particularly cases file and weekly reports. We highly recommended that staff training, improving data quality and management and periodic reviewing to insure proper feedback flow.

Keywords: Measles, evaluation, surveillance, Ombada.                   

Title: Assessment of Measles Surveillance System in Ombada Locality, Sudan 2013

Author: Dawria, Adam,  Khadiga, Haroon,  Ahmed, M.Hussein,  Suleman Alkamil

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences    

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Ewing’s sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor are closely related family of small round cell tumors seen in childhood and adolescence. The incidence of these tumors occurring in the head and neck region is just 2-7%. Ewing’s sarcoma of the sinonasal tract is rare and may arise in the maxilla, and on exceedingly rare occasions in the soft tissue of the nose, i.e. as an extraskeletal Ewing’s sarcoma. We report a case of extraskeletal Ewing’s sarcoma of the nasopharyngeal region in a 21-year-old male who presented with nasal obstruction and epistaxis. In our case, diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry where round tumor cells were positive for CD 99. Ewing’s sarcoma of nasopharyngeal region is a rare and aggressive tumor. Hence early diagnosis, combined chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy and long term follow up is suggested in such cases.

Keywords: Ewing’s sarcoma, Extraskeletal, Nasopharyngeal region, small round cell tumor.

Title: Extraskeletal Primary Ewing’s Sarcoma of Nasopharyngeal Region - Rare Tumour - A Case Report

Author: Dr. Dharm Chand Kothari, Dr. Manish Kumar, Dr. Harsh Kumar Baid, Dr. Ratna rekha

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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