Vol 3 Issue 2 October 2015-March 2016

Abstract: This survey is a cross sectional Study about Sugar intake among Medical Students at the at Al- Imam university. The sample was Simple Random Sample from all the students in the college. We have used Questionnaire as our data collection tool questioning the consumption of Sugar, the relation with BMI, Physical Activity, Dental Health, and the presence of diseases in students and their first degree relatives. After collecting the data, we used the SPSS program V 20 for analysis. We found that 83.3% of the students have their income <3000 SR. Most of student even with low income they spent almost 40% of their money on food. Students above the normal BMI are 59.4% correlating with the decreased Physical Activity and the increased hours of watching TV and using PCs that they are highly related. We found Chocolate and soft drinks consumption are increased. Juice intake is slightly higher than the soft drinks intake. 50% of students eat fruits sometimes. We can’t find the relation between Power drinks and BMI. Most of the students are healthy but they are susceptible due to family history. There is very poor concern from the students about their dental hygiene. Keywords: Cross sectional Study about Sugar intake, BMI, Random Sample. Title: Survey of Sugar Intake among Al-Imam Mohammad bin Saud Islamic University College of Medicine Students Author: Habib, R - Al-Shareif, S - Al-Enezi, S – Niaz, G – Al Mutairi, A, Abdulelah Al-Mutairi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Traumatic diaphrgramatic hernias are uncommon, yet associated with high mortality. The colon very rarely herniated through the diaphragmatic defect. Acute traumatic rupture of the diaphragm may go unnoticed and there is often a delay between the injury and the diagnosis. Keywords: Traumatic diaphrgramatic hernias, mechanism of injury, duration, presentation. Title: Management of Traumatic Diaphragmatic Rupture Repair Author: Dr. Nitin Parashar, Dr. Vijay Agarwal, Dr. Dhanesh Kumar, Dr. M.K. Maheswari, Dr. PC Attri International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Background: There are several factors that seem to play a role in diabetes development including genetic, lifestyle, environmental and nutritional conditions. Amongst nutritional factors, vitamin D is likely to have an important role either in glycemic control or in attenuating diabetic complications. The probable mechanisms indicating the role of vitamin D in glucose homeostasis is likely to be through beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance in cases with vitamin D deficiency. Objectives: the aim of this study was to determine the correlation between HbA1c and 25(OH) D and the involving of diabetic and non diabetic patients in these changes. This paper is attends to investigate the effect of Vitamin D on Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) level. Method: We performed cross-sectional study that examined the effect of vitamin D on Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) level in 184 Adult participants from diabetic and non diabetic patients attending King Fahad hospital in Jeddah during the years 2015. The average age was 42 years. The relation between diabetic and non diabetic patients effected by Vitamin D on Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) level was modeled by statistical SPSS multiple linear regression analyses. Results: the rate of Vitamin D Deficiency among patients included in this study a very high percentage which is 82% of them have Deficiency amount of Vitamin D in this body which meant that they are under big risk of getting diabetes type 2. And the other shocking result is that only 2.2% which means 4 patients out of 184 having sufficient amount of Vitamin D, sadly this shows that our population is under risk of other skeletal disorders than diabetes. Conclusion: accumulating the evidence from several studies, vitamin D is likely to have a role in Diabetic and non diabetic patients and Hb-glycation. However, the relationship between serum 25OHD with hemoglobin glycation (HbA1c) and insulin resistance in Diabetes has not been extensively studied before, but we could not see any correlation in our study.

Keywords: vitamin D, glucose homeostasis, non diabetic, Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), Diabetic.

Title: Vitamin D Effects on Glycated Hemoglobin (Hba1c) Level, And Their Correlation between Diabetic and Non Diabetic in Adults

Author: Ahlam albisaisi, Daniyah baduqayl, Esraa gadah, Hamza halawani

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Jaundice is one of the commonest issues that can happen in an infant. Numerous a times it is physiological in the infant since liver is not develop enough to handle the bilirubin and there is an expanded heap of bilirubin because of a higher coursing erythrocyte volume, a shorter erythrocyte life range and a bigger early marked bilirubin top. Early expectation will help in ahead of schedule release and counteract hospitalization of babies and mothers. Albumin is synthesized by liver and it helps in transport of unconjugated bilirubin.

Objective: This study aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of cord blood albumin in prediction of jaundice in infants.

Method: searching the literature as systemic review of previous studies up to 2015 to be able to evaluate and investigate the different results of different evidence based studies about the cord blood albumin helping in early diagnosis of neonatal jaundice.

Result: The present study infers that 1st day (24hrs) bilirubin >5.7 mg/dl can also be used as an early predictor of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Knowing the fact that still many deliveries are being conducted at home or health centers where laboratory investigations facilities are not available, or by the time these babies reach to higher center it may not be possible to obtain cord blood due to dried up cord.

Conclusion: Cord bilirubin and albumin can be used as predictor for hyperbilirubinemia and for early review for jaundice especially in developing countries where regular follow up is difficult.

Keywords: Cord blood albumin, neonatal jaundice.

Title: Effectiveness Cord Blood Albumin as a Predictor of Neonatal Jaundice

Author: Mohammed mstour Aljabri, Fadi fhad Khoojh, Sami adnan Alsolimani, Ismaeel hamza saleh, Ibrahim ahmed Alshehri, Mona ahmed ALshehri

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Nowadays; estimated number of HIV patients approximately 36 million worldwide, South Africa is in the top of the list having the highest prevalence of AIDS patients in the world which is approximately 5.6 million (18% of the population of South Africa), in Saudi Arabia, the first case of AIDS was in 1984, the estimated number of AIDS patients in 2010 is 13926 (3538 citizens) which is considered to be lower than average worldwide.

Objectives: This study aim to study the level of awareness AIDS/HIV among Saudi citizens in Saudi Arabia and to increase the level of awareness of AIDS/HIV, and to evaluate the level of awareness of HIV among Saudi citizens.

Method: This study was carried out in  November 2012  among three college (college of Business Administration / college of science / college of Arabic language) in Al Imam Mohammed bin Saud Islamic university in Saudi Arabia .The data were gathered by a self-administered questionnaire consisting of twenty questions with Three options (yes, no, I do not know).

Conclusion: The study has brought into light some of the important issues about awareness levels among Imam Mohammad bin Saud Universities' Students and the action strategies needed for making them aware and in changing their attitudes toward HIV\AIDS Because HIV infection is a dynamic process and could change as a function of time, more and more similar studies targeted at Students Particularly at IMBSU  are needed at regular intervals to test the results of the preventive measures & efficacy of the existing policies.

Keywords: Awareness of AIDS/HIV.

Title: Awareness of HIV/AIDS among Saudi Community in 2012

Author: Dr. Abdullah Al Rabeah, Faisal Sager Nitool Alanazi, Khaled Ali AlGhamdi, Ziyad Abdulrhman Alrazoq, Khalid Abdulrahman Alghannam

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Background: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a developmental defect of the diaphragm that allows abdominal viscera to herniate into the chest. Diaphragmatic hernia prevalence in neonates also varied significantly according to geographical location. Affected neonates usually present in the first few hours of life with respiratory distress that may be mild or so severe as to be incompatible with life. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of diaphragmatic hernia among neonates using data from evidence based on previous study that are having high quality data concerning this subject. Methodology: systemic review of the literature was performed through the Midline database up to the date of 2015 December, and the data execrated from these studies will be analysis, to investigate the approximate prevalence of CDH among infants worldwide. Result: congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) has frequently appeared in the medical literature since its first description in the early 18th century, Conclusion: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a relatively common birth defect. And strongly associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy, foetal and neonatal outcomes, These findings may be helpful in counselling pregnancies affected by CDH.

Keywords: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), neonates, prevalence, studies, analysis.

Title: The Prevalence of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in Neonates

Author: Abdulaziz Saleh Almalki, Ahmad Saleh Altalhi, Waleed Hassan Althobaiti

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Caffeine is the most commonly used and abused substance around the world. If used in large amounts and over a longer period of time it may have negative effects on health of individuals. Use of caffeine containing drinks is a common practice in Saudi Arabia. This study was conducted to know the pattern of use and effects of caffeine containing drinks among students of Qassim University. A cross sectional study was conducted among two hundred students of Qassim University; including both males and females. Results of the study showed that the most favorite  drink was  Pepsi  and Saudi coffee. Majority of the students responded that they feel more active and their work output is increased (81%). Caffeine drink decreases their sleep hours (44.8%), has an irritable mood and gastric acidity (37.8%). There was no significant difference in pattern and effect of caffeine containing drink among males, females or college of study.  We recommend to conduct similar studies at larger scales and on different population groups.

Keywords: Caffeine, Pepsi, Qassim University, Public health.

Title: Pattern of Use and Effects of Caffeine Containing Drinks among Students of Qassim University

Author: Njood H. AlQaraawi MS, Walaa S AlThunayyan MS, Zainab M. AlAyed MS, Hessa A. AlSaaf MS, Jawaher M. AlQumia MS, Reem S. AlEnzi MS,Samar F. AlOufi MS, Manal A. AlMotiry MS.

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and sinusitis are the most well-known youth irresistible disease worldwide and is the most widely recognized reason for listening to debilitation in the creating scene, despite the fact that it is rarely found in the created world. It is portrayed by waste from the center ear for no less than two weeks and is connected with a tympanic layer (TM) aperture that is typically easy.

Objective: The objective of this is to determine the incidence of sinusitis and its complications in case of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and its management. And to review the most important aspects involving this topic.

Methodology: Searching for relevant articles and reports for this review covered the period up to 2015 included in the following databases and sources: • The Cochrane Library • Google Scholar • CINAHL • PUBMED • HRH Global Resource Center • USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse • World Health Organization • Human Resources for Health Journal.

Results: The prevalence of clinical sinusitis was significantly higher among the cases with suppurative Otitis Media. the evaluation of different studies involving the sinusitis in care of chronic suppurative Otitis Media, are varying from one to another study, there was no any evaluation before, and we have comes up that the most population under risk of sinusitis in case of otitis media are the young adults and children with very high rate.

Conclusion: Infants and young children are the most who are under risk of developing complications such as chronic otitis media and sinusitis. And usually the sinusitis is more persisting during the chronic suppurative Otitis Media.

Keywords: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), tympanic layer (TM).

Title: Sinusitis in a Case of Persistent Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media

Author: Joud Fahad AlHarbi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: To study the safety, efficacy of Salmetrol and the incidence, severity and outcome of the effects of the Prescribed Medicine. METHODS-This study includes 60 patients altogether among which 30 patients with Bronchial Asthma and remaining 30 patients with COPD. The prognosis were documented with the help of clinical symptoms and Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT).RESULTS: Our study showed that most of the patients with Bronchial Asthma respond well rather than Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). CONCLUSION- The results concluded that the drug works better for Bronchial Asthma rather than Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).

Keywords: Salmetrol, Pulmonary Function Tests, Bronchial Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Title: A Comparative Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Salmetrol Inhalers in Patients with Bronchial Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Author: DR.V.LEKSHMANAN

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: In episodes of most of the illnesses, self-medication is the first option, which makes self-medication a common practice throughout the world. Among the self-medicated drugs, Peracetamol is considered to be a well established and widely used drug as a leading non-prescription antipyretic and analgesic. It is also considered as one of the most frequently used drugs in intentional overdoses. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to assess the perception towards the appropriate use of Paracetamol among the residents of Al Ahsa city of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: The study is a cross sectional survey conducted from the community of Al Ahsa during September 2015 through the self- administered questionnaire developed by Delphi technique. The questionnaire translated into Arabic. Data was then entered in SPSS version 20.0 for analysis and chi-square test was applied for the analysis. P-value <0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: The results depicted that mean age of the population was 25.9 years (±0.98 SD) and there were 480 male (46%) and 557 female (54%). The overall awareness among community was very low. The educational level, age, marital status and gender do not show any association (>0.05) towards most of the questions. However, the awareness had shown significant association (<0.05) with educational level only. CONCLUSION: The overall awareness for appropriate use and adverse effect of paracetamol was low among the participants; therefore, the community needs awareness campaign to reducing adverse effect.  

Keywords: paracetamol – Perception – public Health.

Title: Perception towards Appropriate Use and Adverse Effects of Paracetamol among the Residents of Al Ahsa

Author: Sayed Ibrahim Ali, Rabel Khawaja, AbdulSattar Khan, Abdulaziz Al shamarany, Ammar Muhammed Almulhim, Naif Al mulhim

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Blood lactate serve as a sensitive marker to assess patients in critical conditions, especially during hyper and hypoglycemic attacks and the increase is blood lactate level is always suggestive of lactic acidosis.  Numerous studies have been done in the past to evaluate its clinical usefulness mostly in critically ill diabetic patients as well as in evaluating liver cirrhosis and to find its correlation to liver function tests.  The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation of plasma lactate to diabetic, liver and atherogenic triglycerides.  The association found out between plasma lactate to FBG, HbA1c, TP, Alb, ALT and triglycerides were found to be highly significant (P0.0001).  The outcomes of this research articles will open more avenues for future research scholars to establish plasma lactate as a routine lab investigation.

Keywords: Lactate, ALT, Albumin, HbA1c, Diabetes mellitus.

Title: ASSOCIATION OF PLAMSA LACTATE TO DIABETIC AND LIVER INDICES

Author: Rajeswari S, Arun Kumar D, Swaminathan S

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Introduction: Chronic medical illnesses and chronic pain are overlapped with depressive symptoms and associated most of the times with under diagnosed depression. In KSA, eastern province SCD is among the commonest diseases causing chronic pain that require frequent use of potent analgesics like morphine. Hospitalized SCD patients were showing varies behavioral changes, depressive symptoms and death wishes. The aim of the study: to estimate the prevalence of depression in adult SCD patients. Method: cross sectional study was conducted among 308 SCD patients above 18 years including both genders using a questionnaire -Beck Depression Inventory( BDI ) distributed via social media in eastern province-KSA. Results: 38.9% of the sample were not having depression,(23.2%) with mild depression,( 9% ) with borderline clinical depression, ( 20.6% ) with Moderate depression,( 6.8% ) with Severe depression , and ( 1.6% ) with Extreme depression. The prevalence of depression was higher among patients with low income, patients with more than 5 hospitalization/year, And patients with severe painful crisis. Conclusion: most of the sickle cell disease patients showed mild to moderate depressive symptoms however, The prevalence is higher in patients with frequent admissions and frequent painful crisis which may suggest their need for a psychiatric follow up.

Keywords: Sickle-Cell Disease, Depression, Eastern Province, KSA.

Title: Depression in Sickle-Cell Disease patients in the Eastern Province

Author: Zahra Aljumah, Sayed Ibrahim Ali, Maryam Al-Saleem, Kawthar Almogarab, Fatima Alghadeer, Fatimah AlEssa

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Energy drinks are widely consumed by young people, by college students, in particular, for a variety of reasons. Designed to enhance alertness or provide a short-term energy boost, these drinks have become nearly abundant on college campuses and recreational places. Energy drinks are beverages that contain large doses of caffeine and other legal stimulants such as taurine, carbohydrates, glucuronolactone, inositol, niacin, panthenol, and b-complex vitamins. They have stimulating properties that can boost heart rate and blood pressure, dehydrate the body, may aggravate the effects of other stimulants, and prevent sleep. In addition, researchers have assessed the impact of energy drinks on cognitive performance, with inconsistent results. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitudes and consuming energy drinks among medical students at King Faisal University. Method: The current study is a cross-sectional survey conducted among medical students at King Faisal University, Eastern province, Saudi Arabia, during the period from September to October 2015 through self-administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 22.0.Result:A total of 527 students (288 males and 239 females) responded, 248 students from first to third year level ,and 279 students from fourth to sixth year level. And , 54 (42.5%), 45 (37.2%) males and females, respectively). of first three years and 84 (52.2%) , 27 (22.9%) males and females, respectively). Of last three years. Majority were live in urban areas 412 (78.2%) while 97 (18.4%) in rural areas, and only 6(1.1) in hijra areas. Energy drinks users were 210 (39.8%) and non-users were 317 (60.2%). Most students did not have a fixed frequency of use. The commonest reasons for use were to keep awake for better performance in the exams. Regarding awareness Only 158 (30.0%) users and 130 (24.6%) non users know the serious side effects of Energy drinks. Most common side effects known to the first to third years students were weight gain 6 (11.1%) male and 1 (2.2%) female while 14 (16.7%) male and o% female of fourth to sixth year students , anxiety 6 (11.1%) male and (0%) female of firs to third years students and among fourth to sixth year students is 16 (19%) male and 4 (14.8%9 female. and dental caries 42 (77.8%) male and 44(97.8%) female of first to third years students and 54 (64.3%) male and 23 (85.2%9 female of fourth to sixth year students. Conclusion This study showed a low prevalence of energy drinks consumption among medical students in king Faisal university. And their knowledge about ingredients and health risk of energy drinks was unsatisfactory The current results highlight the importance of education to raise the awareness among medical students as they will be part of educational team to educate all people in the future . Keywords: Energy drinks, medical students, awareness, knowledge, King Faisal University. Title: Awareness toward Energy Drinks among Medical Students in King Faisal University Author: Seba M Ghreiz, Sayed Ibrahim Ali, Shereen Refaie, Abdulaziz Anzi Alshamrani, Nassir Khalifah Al-Mulhim, Ammar Nassser A-Mulhim, Saleem Ali Al-Saleem International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease. (SLE) has many different   skin lesions due to SLE can produce serious range of  morbidity resulting from painful skin lesions, Some of the cutaneous manifestations for SLE, such as photosensitivity reactions, oral ulcers, alopecia, urticaria, vasculitis, vesiculo-bullous lesions, cutaneous mucinoses, and cutaneous calcinosis, they maybe specific to SLE but also they could be associated with different dermatological diseases such Eczema.  Objective: There are several studies that had already discussed a very important point concerning this topic but the aim of this paper is to evaluate the symptoms on the skin caused by SLE based on a previous different studies.  Methodology: the methods of this study will be based on a systemic analysis and literature search through US national library Midline (pubmed) all these studies which discusses the coutanous or skin symptoms of SLE will be included in this study. Results: Skin involvement, including the rare variant of TEN-like acute cutaneous SLE, is very common among SLE patients. The acute syndrome of pan-epidermolysis or apoptotic pan-epidermolysis may become a useful designation when considering a clinical diagnosis of drug-induced TEN or SLE. Further studies are required to verify our findings. Conclusion: Skin disease in patients with lupus erythematosus may be subdivided into two broad categories - those lesions that when biopsied demonstrate interface dermatitis and those that do not demonstrate interface dermatitis. The skin lesions that are represented by the interface dermatitis include discoid lupus erythematosus, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Patients with these 'specific' manifestations have varying degrees of systemic involvement from rare systemic disease in patients with localized discoid lupus erythematosus to common and often severe involvement in patients with acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

Keywords: cutaneous mucinoses, Systemic Lupus, erythematosus (SLE), Skin involvement.

Title: Cutaneous Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Author: Haneen Mohammed Sibieh

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

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Abstract: Nephrotic syndrome is a condition of massive proteinuria (protein leaks from the blood to the urine through the glomeruli) that leads to hypoalbuminaemia and oedema. There are many specific causes of nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome may affect adults and children, of both sexes and of any race. It may occur in typical form, or in association with nephritic syndrome. Objective: the propose of this study is to review and analysis previous based evidence studies that concerns with the classification, pathogensis, Etiology, , diagnosis and treatment outcomes of nephrotic syndrome, including all population  of different ages and both sex. Methodology: we conducted systemic review with meta-analysis search through medical database online such as Medline; we include all those studies which were published in the last 15 years (2000-2015) about nephrotic syndrome. Conclusion: Patients with nephrotic syndrome can present to primary or secondary care with diverse symptoms that reflect the primary process or with one of the many systemic complications of the syndrome. For patients with nephrotic syndrome attributable to treatment-resistant glomerulonephritis, some benefits may be obtained with the new immunosuppressive drugs used in organ transplantation, such as cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and in some cases tacrolimus. For patients with diabetes mellitus or amyloidosis and for some patients with glomerulonephritis that does not respond to any immunosuppressive treatment, no causal treatment is currently possible.

Keywords: Nephrotic syndrome, adults and children, both sexes, cyclosporine.

Title: Nephrotic Syndrome

Author: Ibrahim Abdullak Alqurashi, Mohammad Jaman Althaqafi, Faris Ahmed Althomali, Abdulaziz Ahmed Alzaher

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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