Vol 3 Issue 2 October 2015-March 2016

Abstract: AIDS was first reported in the United States in 1981 and has since become a major worldwide epidemic. AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). By killing or damaging cells of the body's immune system, HIV progressively destroys the body's ability to fight infections and certain cancers. AIDS is caused by HIV infection and is characterized by a severe reduction in CD4+ T cells, which means an infected person develops a very weak immune system and becomes vulnerable to contracting life-threatening infections (such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia). AIDS occurs late in HIV disease. The HIV-1 pandemic is a complex mix of diverse epidemics within and between countries and regions of the world, and is undoubtedly the defining public-health crisis of our time. Our aim of this study to give an overview about the impacts of AIDS on the world population extracted based on previous studies.

Keywords: HIV, AIDS, virus, body's ability, damaging cells, body's immune system.

Title: Understanding the Epidemiology, Pathogensis and Prevention of HIV/AIDS: An Overview

Author: ALMALKI, ABDULLAH QASEM F

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Background: Summer is known to be a predisposing factor in the occurrence of some diseases. This particularly holds true in the case of increasing number of acute cholecystitis cases in a country like Saudi Arabia, which has a desert climate. Aims: To find the association between seasonal variation and the onset of acute cholecystitis and to compare the severity and frequency of acute cholecystitis during different seasons. Methodology: a cross sectional study which included all emergent patients with gallstone induced cholecystitis admitted at king Abdulaziz university hospital during the period between 2005-2014; excluding those below 20 years of age and/or pregnant and elective admissions. The diagnosis of acute cholecystitis was based on clinical examination and history and subsequently confirmed by ultrasound, CT, ERCP and lab results. The severity of acute cholecystitis was measured by using the TG13 diagnostic criteria and severity grading of acute cholecystitis. Results: The study included 161 cases with a definite diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. Summer season showed the highest percentage of occurrence of emergent acute cholecystitis (38.13%); followed by winter (22.50%), spring (21.88%), and fall (17.5%).  Spearman test showed statistically significantly negative correlation between the season when the surgery was done and the severity of the acute cholecystitis. The disease was most severe in summer season; (r=-0.169) correlation coefficient and p-value (P= 0.046). Conclusion: Summer season is a major aggravating factor for acute cholecystitis. The frequency and severity is significantly higher during summer as compared to other seasons of the year.

Keywords: Acute cholecystitis, summer, severity.

Title: The Effect of Seasonal Variation on Developing Acute Cholecystitis among Adult Patients in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Author: Azza S. Reda, Lujain A. Aboulkhair, Mohammed Y. Almsarri

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Female infertility is caused by many factors including nutrition, diseases, malfunction of uterus and hormonal imbalances. Among the hormones LH, FSH, Prolactin plays a major role.  The other additional contributing causes like obesity, diabetes have also been discussed in this paper. rhFSH is now emerging as regimen for induction of ovulation and Hu-FSH is found to be an effective form of treatment for women with PCOS.  Hyperprolactinmeia is a common endocrine cause of infertility in women.  Increased TSH and PRL and decreased T3 and T4 also are observed in infertile group.  In laboratory diagnosis the levels of circulating LH, FSH, PRL, oestrogen, Progesterone, testosterone and thyroid profile are to be evaluated to assess the role of endocrine glands in infertility. PRL, T3, T4 and TSH are the recommended first line hormones done to evaluate infertility in women. This review articles presents research findings during the last 15 years linking reproductive hormones to female infertility depicting the role of each hormone as well as some syndromes associated with females such as PCOS, hirsutism and cancer of breast.

Keywords: Infertility, LH, FSH, PRL, PCOS.

Title: LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC LINK TO FEMALE INFERTILITY

Author: Gowri Meena S, Rajeswari S, Swaminathan S

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Drug-induced hair loss is more common than many clinicians realize because it can easily be overlooked and it can disturb a patient’s treatment adherence. In this report, we present an interesting and rare hair loss case, which developed after the onset of escitalopram treatment and resolved after cessation of the drug after excluding other cases of hair loss.

Keywords: Induced Hair Loss, MDD, Case Report, Escitalopram.

Title: Escitalopram Induced Hair Loss in Young Female Patient

Author: Mohammed H. S. Alhomaid

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Gene silencing by siRNA (short interfering RNA) represents a valuable tool for basic research in biology and proved to have a major impact on medical sciences. Using siRNA is one of the important techniques that can be used to study gene function and its effects on the cells. There are many techniques that can be used to transfect gene specific siRNAs into the cells but some cells are resistant to most of these methods.  The present study aimed at optimising the transfection of the mantle cell lymphoma Jeko-1 cell line, which are reported to be difficult to transfect, with siRNA. Two techniques were used: electroporation and nucleofection. The results showed that the use of both electroporation at 220V and nucleofection with solution T result in the highest transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity and therefore can be used for the successful transfection of JEKO-1 cells.

Keywords: short interfering RNA (siRNA), transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity.

Title: Optimising the Transfection of Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cell Lines with siRNA

Author: Mohammad Al-Jallal, Muhaid Al-Nujidi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Background Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a severe complication in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), resulting in deterioration of lung function and impairment of overall prognosis. Standard therapy consists of high dosage, long-term corticosteroid treatment. This carries the risk of serious side effects such as immune suppression, diabetes and osteoporosis. Antifungal drugs such as itraconazole may cause interactions with other drugs and drug levels need to be monitored. Omalizumab treatment has been tried in several case studies.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients with CF and ABPA receiving treatment with omalizumab from May 2014 to May 2015. A patient was treated at the Department of Paediatric Pulmonology of the king fasial special Hospital and research center the patient gave his written informed consent for retrospective analysis of their ABPA history. Diagnosis of CF in the patient was approved by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutations.

Results/discussion: patient showed clinical and laboratory stability or even an improvement within the treatment and post-treatment observation period, although .Side effects of systemic steroids were reduced.

Conclusion: Omalizumab has the potential to be an additional and solitary treatment option in patients with CF and ABPA. Early onset treatment may be beneficial and patients with early stage of lung disease seem to be more benefit.

Keywords: ABPA; Aspergillus; cystic fibrosis; itraconazole; omalizumab.

Title: Omalizumab as New Modality of Treatment ABPA in Cystic Fibrosis Patient: Case Report

Author: Ibrahim Ali Al-Rashidi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Vitamin D deficiency is a significant problem for a growing proportion of the ALMAAREFA College population. Individuals with dark or covered skin are at particularly high risk due to ethno-cultural, environmental and genetic factors. We assessed the level of awareness of vitamin D deficiency among at-risk patients in order to identify groups most in need of education. This study was aimed to estimate the proportion of women with vitamin D deficiency in Almaarefa college (MCST). And to describe the awareness among female (MCST) about vitamin D deficiency. In the current study that done in Almaarefa about complications related to vitamin D deficiency had greater percentage than the study done in Europe and this is mainly related to low physical activity , unawareness of symptoms of vitamin D deficiency, but female  in western countries more aware than males . However, although the higher percentage goes to Almaarefa College almost women didn't know that vitamin D deficiency will cause preeclampsia that affect fetus in first 26 weeks and approximately three forth of women know about low muscle strength.

Keywords: Vitamin D deficiency, Awareness of vitamin D.

Title: A Study about Awareness of Vitamin D Deficiency among Female in ALMAAREFA College in 2013-2014

Author: DR. Mona alfadeel, Manar alshammary, Amjaad almarjan, Aishah alqahtani, Seeta alsaadoun, Afnan alotebei, Dalal alanazi, Zinah alqahtani, Hajar aljarallah, Rafeef alsaleem

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences,

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Objective:  To study Protein energy malnutrition in 0-5 year. Age group in urban slums of Raipur city.

Methods:  Retrospective, cross-sectional observational study of 818 children of 0-5 yr. age group in various slums of Raipur city.

Period of study:  1 year (January 2010-January 2011)

Results: Out of 818 children in 0-5 year age group 411 were of 0-2 month age group. In which 50.2%were found to be FTT (Failure To Thrive) while 49.8% were normal according to IAP classification.

In rest 407 children; 229 male and 178 were female in age group to 2month-5 year. Among 229 male children maximum 41.0% were Grade I PEM followed by 30.1% Grade II, 11.8% Grade III and 7.8% Grade IV PEM, while only 9.2% were normal. Among 178  female children maximum 44.9% were in Grade I PEM, 34.8% in Grade II, 7.3% in Grade III and 3.4% in Grade4 PEM, while only 9.6% where found to be normal according to IAP classification of malnutrition.

Conclusions: In urban slums of Raipur city protein energy malnutrition in 0-5 year age group starts early and worsens as the child grows.

Key words: Urban slums, Raipur city, Protein energy malnutrition, IAP classification of malnutrition.

Title: Protein Energy Malnutrition in Urban Slums of Raipur City

Author: Dr. Deepti Singh

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: We are reporting a 62-year old man who had two short episodes of delirium 4-years apart; both were precipitated by sad news and preceded by signs and symptoms of psychological stress. No history of psychiatric problems, dementia, illicit drug abuse, or alcohol use. Physical examination showed controlled hypertension and diabetes but no other significant findings. The patient condition remarkably improved few hours after oral olanzapine. The finding may indicate the need to include formal mental status assessment tool in older patients with suspected mental status change, irrespective of the presence of classical underlying and precipitating factors of delirium.

Keywords: Delirium, Psychological Stress, Saudi Arabia.

Title: Delirium Following Psychological Stress

Author: Mansour M. Alharbi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Background: Medical imaging techniques are important for patients with liver disease. An unenhanced ultrasound examination recognizes the normal from the abnormal liver that may require further examination. One crucial variable in selecting an imaging modality test is the capacity to give a quick finding. Choices for extra imaging modalities incorporate Computed Tomography (CT), which requires breath holding that sometimes be contraindicated.

Objective: To compare clinical effectiveness of using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for assessment of adults with focal liver lesions, with that of computed tomography (CT) in patients those had non-conclusive previous studies.

Method: Systemic review for previous studies through databases, including MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane of Systematic Reviews and database of Abstracts of Reviews. Search was performed for studies published up to 2015. Studies were selected depending on evaluation of the effectiveness of contrast enhanced US in comparison with CT in assessment of different focal liver lesions.

Results: Ultrasound (US) is frequently the first-line imaging modality for liver study. It is operator dependent.  Some of the drawbacks are degradation of the images especially in obese patients. Regular considerate lesions, for example hemangiomas are normally have a trademark appearance on US, frequently preclude other assessment in non-oncology patients.

Lately, with the presence of microbubble technique, which is a dynamic imaging that develops rapidly, Contrast Enhanced US (CEUS), offers the novel capacity to perform constant, continuous evaluation of typical hepatic parenchyma, hepatic vessels and liver lesions.

Conclusion: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound using a low mechanical index is the modality of choice for detection of liver malignancy. In this study showed that contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging is highly accurate in characterizing malignant and benign focal liver lesions, than CT and is considered safer than CT.

Keywords: Contrast enhanced US, CT scan, liver lesions.

Title: Comparison of Contrast Enhanced US with CT in Assessment of Focal Liver Lesions

Author: Maha Alshammari, Wedad Bagatadah

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Introduction / Background: in Saudi Arabia nearly two hundred and fifty thousand autistic children, eight thousand saudi autistic child receiving treatment abroad. Health services provided to autistic child is very helpful for detection and treatment early.

Objectives:

1. Description the provided health services to autistic children in Qassim.

2. Assessment of Health services provided to Autistic children in Qassim.

Methodology

Method: Observational

Subject: Parent of autistic child.

Place: society for development and human study services on Qassim.

Samples: 36patient and the provided health services.

Result:

• 50% of community is health educated about autism.

• 50% of patient's family are health educated about how to deal with their autistic child.

• 55.6% say that, there is a specialized medical staff in center, but 55.6% say no sufficient number.

• 66.7% there is no regular check up of autistic patients.

• 61.1% the psychiatric department is present there.

• 38.9% agreed that facility were suitable for their needs are considered good, 66.7 % agreed that the safety equipment’s are available.

Conclusions: 1- Improve the health education to patients family about how to deal with their autistic child .

2- Make Schedule regular check up for autistic patients.

3- Raise the level of service To meet the needs of the patients

4- There should be a be financial aid Provided by Government to help the parents to the financial cost to treat their children.

Keywords: Health services, autistic child, detection and treatment early.

Title: Assessment of Health Care Services Provided in the Autism Centre

Author: Ashwag hadi alharbi, Bashayer Abdulazziz Alqarz, AlBandari Khalaf Al Otaibi, Amani Mansour Al Harbi, Maha Obaid Al Harbi, Rana Abdullah Al Mossa, Sabrin Naiaf Al Otaibi, Dr.Ghada mahmoud

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Introduction: Worldwide Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of most widespread cancers. In KSA, it is the 2nd most common Cancer. The prevalence of colorectal cancer in recent years prompted the people to seek medical advice randomly with minimal bowel symptoms.

Objective: This work aim to assess the knowledge, attitude, and perception of people in Eastern province of KSA regarding CRC.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey study was done during a period from 20 November to 13 December 2015; a questionnaire was distributed among Saudi population through social media. A total of 593 participants (Male = 214, Female = 379).

Results: The results depicted that mean age of the sample is 36 years (±11 SD ). The overall awareness among community is 31.9 %. Age was significant correlation with the degree of awareness especially at the age group (20-29) (P < 0.05). Gender doesn’t show any association significant (>0.05) for most of the questions. However, results showed that males (17.3%) are more aware than females (15.2%). Educational level shows non-significant relation with the degree of awareness. High educational level shows highest respond percentage 52%. Most of the respondent knew that food habit and family history is important risk factors. Only 18% had an idea about treatment and screening.

CONCLUSION: The overall awareness for colon cancer and its adverse effect among people in eastern province is low. Community awareness campaign is needed to reducing its adverse effect.  

Keywords: Colorectal cancer, awareness, risk factors, Saudi Arabia, Eastern Region.

Title: Awareness and Perception of Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors among Saudis in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia

Author: Gihan Yousef Ali, Sayed Ibrahim Ali, Mohammed Bijad Al.Osaimi,Saja Khalid Alhawal, Bashaier Mohammed Al.Otaibi, Latifah Khalid Al.Jouf, Mastourah Ghazi Al.Ruwaili

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Selfie’s are self-portrait taken to admire the excessive pride in one’s own appearance. When these selfie’s are taken persistently in increased numbers with futile efforts to stop taking them is called as “SELFIE ADDICTION”. There are lot more things related to selfie has come like selfie status, selfie stick, selfie tv show, selfie song, selfie app, selfie quotes etc. According to American psychiatric association actually confirmed that taking selfies is a mental disorder, going as far as to term the condition “selfitis”. The American Psychiatric Association defines it as “the obsessive compulsive desire to take photos of one’s self and post them on social media as a way to make up for the lack of self-esteem and to fill a gap in intimacy and has categorized it into three levels: borderline, acute and chronic. But there are no published article on psychometric scale for assessing the level of selfie addiction in India. We have published a psychometric scale to assess the level of selfie addiction using 10 items and validated the scale by content validity index. Similarly an author Michael Daws warns the people by writing an article on selfies can harm you according to researchers. He has quoted that many instances where people ended up their life by trying to take a very risky selfies. It seems that people are so obsessed to take selfies. Selfie addiction also was considered as obsessive compulsive disorder and Body Dysmorphic Disorder (where the sufferer obsesses over perceived flaws with their body.

Title: Self-Impetus to Self Portraits

Author: Saranya Nagalingam, Balaji Arumugam

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Background: Laparoscopic surgery has impelled a colossal unrest in the treatment of gallbladder malady. Surgery has been generally viewed as the last helpful resort for symptomatic cholelithiasis before the appearance of laparoscopy, though lithotripsy and cholecystostomy have been regularly supported as less obtrusive choices. In the period of negligibly intrusive surgery, signs for surgery have turned out to be more liberal, bringing about a gigantic ascent in the quantity of laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed yearly. The laparoscopic system has been appeared to offer the benefits of diminished torment, shorter strengthening, lessened agent stretch and restricted provocative reaction

Objective: To determine the incidence of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and open cholecystectomy (OC) and some of their possible outcomes (complications, mortality).

Methods: systemic review and Meta-analysis type of study, we preformed searching through the US National Library of Medicine (Pubmed), the following criteria had to be met for the publication to be selected will include all studies that were conducted in the past 30 years, Prospective and retrospective studies which provided outcome data on patients aged 10-70 years or older who were undergoing cholecystectomy.

Results: In one of the study we analyzed there were 100 consecutive laparoscopic cholecystectomies with no deaths and a morbidity rate of 8% (8 of 100 patients; 4 major, 4 minor). There were 81 women and 19 men, with a mean age of 46.1 years (range, 17 to 84 years). All patients had a preoperative history consistent with symptomatic biliary tract disease, and most had proved gallstones by sonography. This included four patients with acute cholecystitis.

Conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy quickly emerged as an alternative to open cholecystectomy. However its safety, efficacy, and morbidity have yet to be fully evaluated. laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe and effective procedure that can be performed with minimal risk. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy should be performed by surgeons who are trained in biliary surgery and knowledgeable in biliary anatomy, and, as with all operations, it should be performed with meticulous attention to technique.

Keywords: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), open cholecystectomy (OC).

Title: A Comparison of Open Cholecystectomy Surgical Method with the Laparoscopic One

Author: Raed Fahad Abdullah Al-Otibi, Noor Jawad Ahmed Al-Juied

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Objective: To determine the efficacy, safety and outcome of the laparoscopic common bile duct exploration.

Material and method: This study was conducted in the department of surgery at I.G.M.C.,Shimla from 1st June, 2014 to 31st May, 2015 and included 20 patients with cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis. The male/female ratio was 6/14, with a mean age 53.50 years (range 20 to 70 years). Preoperative evaluation was done through medical history, biochemical tests, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance cholangiopanceatography(MRCP). Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration was done via choledochotomy in all patients.

Results: The mean time taken for procedure was 111.75 minutes and the average gas (CO2) consumed was 92.3 litres. Postoperative complications were observed in 2 (10%) patients. In 2 (10%) patients completion of the procedure was achieved by conversion to open choledocholithotomy. Mean hospital stay was 6.75 days.

Conclusions: Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration has definitely shown decreased post-operative discomfort, decreased requirement of post-operative analgesia, better cosmesis and early return to work and less morbidity.

Keywords: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), common bile duct (CBD), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP),  magnatic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP).

Title: Laparoscopic Management of Common Bile Duct Stones: An Initial Experience in Our Institution

Author: Sandeep Rajta, R.S.Jhobta, D.K.Verma

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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