Vol 4 Issue 2 October 2016-March 2017

Abstract: This review was aiming to overview the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) in children from different perspectives, and to discuss in details the diagnosis procedures that could be used for detecting IBS, then to review the treatment approaches for these combined complicated conditions. This review was aiming to overview the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) in children from different perspectives, and to discuss in details the diagnosis procedures that could be used for detecting IBS, then to review the treatment approaches for these combined complicated conditions.IBS is not considered a medical diagnosis of exemption that can just be made after performing a battery of costly diagnostic tests. Rather, IBS needs to be confidently identified in the center at the time of the very first check out using the Rome III requirements and a mindful history and physical examination. Treatment choices for IBS have actually increased in number in the past years and clinicians should not be restricted to utilizing only fiber supplements and smooth muscle relaxants. Abdominal pain, bloating, irregularity and diarrhea are the 4 main signs that can be resolved using a mix of dietary interventions and medications. Treatment options consist of probiotics, antibiotics, tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and representatives that modulate chloride channels and serotonin. Keywords: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP), Treatment. Title: Diagnosis and Treatment Approaches of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Recurrent Abdominal Pain (RAP) & in Children: An Overview Author: Trke Mohammed A. Alhazmi, Abdulaziz Ramdan H. Almatrafi, Maali Jalal Alali, Khalid Mohammed D. Alshammari, Wejdan Ahmed Albarqi, hussain Ali S Alhazmi, Alanoud Musead Alhalwan, Alanazi, Nasser Salem M International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is an acknowledged complication of malignancies of the upper intestinal (UGI) system. The most common causes are gastric and pancreatic malignancies, with lymphomas, ampullary carcinomas, biliary tract cancers and metastases likewise contributing. A comprehensive review aiming to evaluate the different surgical procedures that can be performed in the treatment of Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), we used the literature to evaluate and compare these surgical procedures, through evidence based trails. A comprehensive search for relevant literature clinical trials was undertaken by searching electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, LILACS, BVS and CINAHL) up to January 2017. Decisions concerning the use of surgical verses endoscopic procedures for GOO need the highest level of surgical judgment. Physicians needs to think about the private patient’s quality and expectancy of life, the prognosis of the disease, the availability and the success of each treatment option. GOO can be successfully dealt with by both gastrojejunostomy and stenting. Gastrojejunostomy seems associated with better long term outcomes while stenting seems related to better short term outcomes. New laparoscopic procedures and new technologies in endoscopic stents will likely continue to change the treatment recommendations for GOO. Keywords: Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), gastric and pancreatic malignancies, with lymphomas, ampullary carcinomas, biliary tract cancers and metastases likewise contributing. Title: Overview of Gastric Outlet Obstruction Surgical Treatment Author: Fahad Talal Alsulami, Abdulrahman Jamal Mumin Khan, Alwaleed Fahad Altemani, Yazeed Fahad Altemani, Hani Saeed Alzahrani, Sara Fahad Altemani, Mohamed Sayed, Abdullah Abdulaziz Abdullah Alshehri, Abduldaim Fahad Alkhraiji International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: We aimed in this study to observe and evaluate the role of family physicians in management of pain especially chronic pain in primary care setting, also to review the literature of this topic from different perspectives, such awareness and attitude of physicians in primary care about prescribing medications that for pain management. We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and CINAHL from inception through December 2016, using the following terms: “pain” “chronic pain” and “primary care” OR “family practice”. We limited the electronic searches to human subjects and to English language. We attempted to identify additional studies through hand searches of reference lists. Medical care physicians are frequently the first to see a patient with pain, and this group represents the largest population of physicians dealing with these pain patients. PCPs are in a unique position to improve pain management. Without appropriate training, unwillingness to recommend pain medications in the medical care setting is reasonable. These clinicians routinely address complicated and incurable chronic conditions, such as heart disease or diabetes in senior patients. Pain management is intricate and needs knowledge, PCPs can establish the abilities to successfully manage pain. Keywords: chronic pain, physicians dealing, PCPs. Title: Overview of Chronic Pain Management in Family Practice Author: Sarah Mohammed Albassam, Doaa Hussain Alzaher International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by chronic relapses of dermatitis in patients with an individual or family history of atopic disease. The onset of AD typically takes place in early childhood, although symptoms can begin or persist in the adult years. This research paper was aiming to overview the impact of smoking and its relation to atopic dermatitis (AD), we intended to overview the evidence reporting results about our concerned topic. We conducted a comprehensive review by searched the following databases through December, 2016: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. The search strategy was using some Mesh terms especially in searching the PubMed; “Atopic dermatitis” OR “Eczema” Combined with terms such; ‘‘smoking,’’ ‘‘cigarette,’’ ‘‘nicotine,’’ and ‘‘tobacco’’. Active smoking and passive smoke direct exposure are connected with increased frequency of AD, in grownups and children. More research studies revealed the temporal relationship in between smoking and AD, and research studies to check out the systems of association, therefore the proof proved the effect of cigarette smoking or direct exposure to cigarette smoking in increasing the occurrence of atopic dermatitis. Future studies are required to determine the contribution of cigarette smoking toward cardiovascular risk in patients with AD. The risk of AD associated with cigarette smoking was especially high in the cigarette smoker mother children. Keywords: Atopic dermatitis (AD), Individual or Family History. Title: Relationship between Atopic Dermatitis and Smoking: An Overview Author: Razan Ahmed Alhussain, Shatha Yahya Alothaimeen, Afnan Khaled Alburaik, Jamilah Faisal Alnathir, Fatima Ali Alnas, Yusra Saad Alruwaili, Abdulrahman Saleh Alhumaid International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Deep inferior Epigastric perforated (DIEP) flaps is reconstructing the breast for female who have previous operation which was diagnosed from any serious diseased. Its usually autologous breast reconstructions to minimize the scar of the breast at the site of operation. Method: We used the significant technique to evaluate the flaps to been successfully done with radiological multidetector Doppler ultra sound, CT Angiography (MDCTA). All of them used to evaluate and demarcate the flaps tissue to reduce the risk of rejecting the falp. Our goal was to let the patients feel normal as anyone can enjoy in this life. Conclusion: The efficiency of DIEP flap in breast reconstruction are to a great extend technology-driven and attributed to integrated imaging technologies and it helps in improving the treatment. Keywords: Doppler ultrasound, MDCTA, MRI, flap implant. Title: Integrating Imaging Techniques in Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Breast Reconstruction Author: Asif Bahhati, Andreas Gravvanis, Dimitrios Karakitsos, Bader Alsaeed, Waleed Mardini, Anas Alhasson, Abdulmalik Alghamdi, Salman Mardini, Saleh Alshammari International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The prevalence use of multivitamins supplements give us indication the interest the peoples with their health life and precise details in their life that help us in form healthy environment for the public. It use under certain circumstance depend on life styles and another factor like age, gender, socioeconomic state, physical activity and health state. We expect that more than 50%of medical student at taif university Saudi Arabia use multivitamins supplement for give them concentration and give them power for study. Our objectives are determine the prevalence of multivitamins supplement use among medical student at taif university Saudi Arabia. Determine factor that lead to use it. Our methods will be a cross-sectional survey was carried out among medical school at Taif University, taif, Saudi Arabia from November to January 2016. The survey included 100 students aged 19-28 years. Simple sampling technique will use to recruit the participants from medical student at Taif University. A self-administered questionnaire containing questions on use of vitamin mineral supplement during the last year, demographic, and lifestyle characteristics. Research methodology: A cross-sectional survey on the use of multi-vitamins supplements was conducted on 100 students attending Taif university between 1st of December until the 1st of January. Taif university is a large sized and a public university. It consists of 12 faculties, located in Taif city which is located in Mecca province of Saudi Arabia and has a population of 500,000. A quantitative research technique was used, which was approved by the deanship of student’s affairs. At the first stage, a stratified sampling technique was used, the faculty of medicine was selected. At the second stage, classes were visited by the research team to clarify the study, the students showed their willingness to participate in the study. Then a schedule for the next visit was given to complete the questionnaire. At the second visit, a self-administered questionnaire was completed by the students in the presence of a member of the research team. (numbers and percentages taken from the questionnaire must be mentioned). A pre-tested questionnaire consisted of 2 sections. The first section of the questionnaire included general demographic information such as age, gender, family monthly income, as well as information on selected lifestyle characteristics such as smoking status, physical activity, vegetarian status, and body height, and weight. (Here we clarify the details about the questionnaire), the second section of the questionnaire included a series of questions on students’ use of multi-vitamins supplements during the last year. If the participants reported taking a supplement, they were asked to indicate the number, name, frequency of use, dosage, reason for use, and source of information of the supplement. Each supplement was classi ed into one of 3 product type classes based on their general nutrient/ingredient composition. the 3 classes were: vitamins, minerals, and vitamin-mineral combinations. Data entry and statistical analysis were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) program. Frequency and range checks were performed initially to detect errors in the data entry. Detected errors were corrected by rechecking the original data forms. Main result: Our findings suggest that 41% of students consume multivitamins supplements and that rate is close to the values found by studies conducted worldwide such as among university students in USA (47-74%), students in South Africa (42%) and in Korea (58%) (1). For healthy individuals, supplements could be a temporary alternative to compensate a lack of nutrients but personal and society efforts should be conducted to provide healthy eat and way of life to promote mental and physical health. Keywords: Prevalence Use, Multivitamins Supplements, At Taif University. Title: Prevalence of Multivitamins Supplement Use and Associated Factors to Use It among Medical Student at Taif University Saudi Arabia Author: Abdullah Alghamdi, Muhanad Mohammed Alghamdi, Rami Ayidh Almalki, Mohammed Humayyed Alotaibi, Abdullah Abdulaziz Alshehri International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: We previously reported that pretreatment with Garcinia kola (GK) crude extract alleviated hyperthermia in colitis and improved intestinal antioxidant enzymes in both healthy and colitis male rats. The present study investigated the therapeutical effect of the extract on acute acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in male wistar rats. 20 male wistar rats weighing 120g-150g were randomly divided into vehicle- treated, Garcinia kola, colitis and colitis treated groups. Acute colitis was induced with 1ml/200g of acetic acid and 150mg/kg (P.O) was administered once per day as previously reported. The result showed that treatment with GK did not prevent weight loss 5 days posttreatment. Significant increase (P<0.05) was noticed 14 days and 21 days posttreatment. When compared with colitis group, colitis treated group showed a significantly low (P<0.05) diarrhea and ulcer scores. Also, tissue thickness of colitis treated group was significantly reduced (P<0.05). Histological studies of the colon tissues of colitis treated rats revealed regenerating mucosal layer with numerous regenerating colonic crypts and a distinguishable colonic layers. The findings of this study suggest that GK exerted a therapeutical effect on acute acetic acid induced colitis in male wistar rats. Keywords: Garcinia kola, colitis, acetic acid, colon, therapeutical, colon. Title: Therapeutical Effect of Crude Extract of Garcinia Kola on Acetic Acid -Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Male Rats Author: M.J. Adeniyi, S.F. Ige International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Hyperlipidemia has been recognized as a crucial cardiovascular risk factor for both females and males, and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLB1) now has lipid standards for men and women. Present study main goal was to evaluate and discuss the management approaches of hyperlipidemia in family practice (primary care), this review also intended to review the evidence on the screening methods for hyperlipidemia through family physicians. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and the Cochrane Database were searched until December 2016. Reference lists were also searched manually. Family doctors have the prospective to make a major influence on decreasing the burden of heart disease through the optimum evaluation and management of hyperlipidemia. The emergence of statins as a safe and effective, although expensive, treatment for hyperlipidemia and the advancement of scientific standards advocating their increased use will place family physicians under included pressure to screen for and deal with hyperlipidemia Keywords: Hyperlipidemia, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register. Title: Management of Hyperlipidemia in Family Medicine Practice: Review Author: Ahmed Nasser G Alghamdi, Abdullah Aeydh Dakhil Alghamdi, Mohammed Dhaifallah Mohammed Alghamdi, Hussam Saleh Ahmed Mayis, Abdullah Saeed Mansi Al Ghamdi, Faisal Baalqasim Hasan Alamri, Amro Ali Safar Alghamdi, Turki Mesfer Saeed Alzahrani International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This review was aim to focus on the treatment option strategies for pediatric migraine, including prevention methods and acute treatment of migraine. The current evidence for these treatments will be reviewed. We conducted a literature search through Scopus, Medline, and PubMed databases independently for all English language publish studies up to December 2016, search was performed using the terms “(headache OR migraine) AND (child OR pediatric OR teen OR adolescent) AND (pediatric headache treatment). Cited references within selected articles were also searched to identified more relevant studies, only human subject articles were included in this review. Migraine headache is the most common repeating pain syndrome in youth and teenage years. Stereotyped attacks of bitemporal or frontal pounding, nauseating headache lasting 1 to 48 hours represent the frustrating proportion of migraines. The treatment philosophy now embraces a well balanced approach with both bio-behavioral interventions and pharmacological steps. Essential to treatment choices is the degree of impairment produced by the headaches. In general, the effect of prophylactic therapy is not instant, frequently taking as long as 6-8 weeks before enhancement happens. Offering this details to the patient and his/her parents results in improved compliance and more sensible goals. Giving a suitable trial before trying a new treatment is very important. Keywords: Pediatric Migraine, Prevention Methods and Acute Treatment of Migraine. Title: Management Approaches of Pediatric Migraine: Review Author: Ashwaq Abdulrahman Almalki, Ayana Abdulrahman Alyousef, Elaf Al Adel Al Haj Abbas, Asma Mohammed Alotaibi, Lien Walid merei, Alaa Salih Sharif, Bashaer Dabsan ALBAQAMI, Sarah Ali Al-Dhahry International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Rapid Sequence Intubation (RSI) is the requirement for definitive airway management in the emergency situation department (ED) as an air passage management in critically ill patient. This review was aiming to describe the experience of physicians the emergency department of a with rapid sequence intubation (RSI) and to identify the factors associated with successful intubation, and to evaluate the importance of this in Emergency room. We searched the electronic medical databases PubMed, Embase, to identified relevant articles, trials, and studies that were published until December, 2016 in English language and only concerning human subject. RSI has actually shown to be a safe technique, with a low incidence of severe complications. The success of tracheal intubation using RSI seems to be directly related to the preparation of the health and the treatment specialist's experience. Failure to intubate following RSI in the emergency situation department is a feared issue. Professionals need to have a fixed strategy to cope with this event. The guidelines provided here are tailored for usage by the emergency physician. Therefore, we conclude that additional training of resident physicians and health experts working in the emergency situation department is needed. Keywords: Rapid Sequence Intubation (RSI), emergency situation department (ED). Title: Overview of General Aspects of Rapid Sequence Intubation (RSI) In an Emergency Department Author: Ahmed Nasser G Alghamdi, Abdullah Aeydh Dakhil Alghamdi, Mohammed Dhaifallah Mohammed Alghamdi, Hussam Saleh Ahmed Mayis, Abdullah Saeed Mansi Al Ghamdi, Faisal Baalqasim Hasan Alamri, Amro Ali Safar Alghamdi, Turki Mesfer Saeed Alzahrani International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Dental abscess is a frequently occurring infectious process known to the health practice. The reaction of the infection relay on the virulence of the bacteria, host resistance factors, and regional anatomy. Serious consequences arising from the spread of a Dental Abscess lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Acute dental abscess is Polymicrobial, comprising of strict anaerobes, such as anaerobic Cocci, Prevotella, Fusobacterium species, and Facultative anaerobes, such as viridans group Streptococci and the Streptococcus anginosus group. In the pathogenesis and evolution of Glomerular Nephropathies, localized infections play an important role. Attention is usually focused on upper respiratory tract infections (pharyngeal, tonsillar and sinusal), less concern being given to dental foci. The incidence of Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis appears to be decreasing. Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis is caused by an infection with Streptococcus Bacteria. The infection causes blood vessels in the kidneys to develop inflammation; this block the renal organs ability to filter urine. Keywords: Dental Abscess, Glumerulonephritis, Streptococcus and Kidney infection. Title: Association between Dental Abscess and the Pathogenesis of Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis: A Case Report Author: Safa Gadi, Lojaen Sendy, Faris Alotaibi, Aboubakri Boucelham International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Skeletal muscle is the significant site for disposal of consumed glucose in lean healthy normal glucose tolerance (NGT) individuals. Following a meal, approximately one third of ingested glucose is used up by the liver and the rest by peripheral tissues, mainly skeletal muscle by means of an insulin dependent system. This review was aim to overview and discuss the role of skeletal muscle fat accumulation, lipotoxicity and in fact muscle insulin resistance and especially the most central role in the pathophysiological events leading to T2DM. We performed an electronic search through medical databases; PubMed/Midline, Embase for all these relevant studies that were published up to December 2016, in English language and containing only human subject. we then searched the references found in identified articles for relevant studies concerning, skeletal muscle lipotoxicity and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle appears by decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and results from impaired insulin signaling and multiple post-receptor intracellular flaws consisting of impaired glucose transportation, glucose phosphorylation, and decreased glucose oxidation and glycogen synthesis. Insulin resistance is a core problem in type 2 diabetes, it is also related to obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Keywords: T2DM, lipotoxicity, PubMed/Midline, Embase, Etiology of Skeletal Muscle. Title: Etiology of Skeletal Muscle Lipotoxicity and Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Author: Essa Ali A Hamadi, Nawaf Mohammed Abdu Akour, Mansour Hajed Musheh Al-Harthi, Ayed Abdullah Al jahrash, Abdulaziz Hussain Al makfor, Khalid Abdulaziz Dealan International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: One of the most common & potentially destructive complications that can occur among oncological patients is venous thromboembolism (VTE), so, prevention of (VTE) is essential for most admitted patients. There are updated recommendations that have been provided by the 9th edition of American collage of Chest Physicians (ACCP) clinical practice guidelines for prevention & treatment for the subgroup of patients in each department that confirm the evaluation of patient risk for VTE. The aim of this study is quality improvement to evaluate the commitment of King Abdulaziz University hospital (KAUH), department of Surgery, division of oncology to the international recommendations of the ACCP using a cross sectional snapshot analysis. Research methodology: In the month of October 2015 the research project was developed by a research group using a cross sectional snapshot analysis. The forms of data collection were derived from the 9th ACCP guidelines and were used to evaluate the division of oncology adherence to ACCP guidelines. . The data was collected by the research group .The ethic approval of the study was obtained from the chairman ethics committee. Main results: In the month of October 2015 a cross sectional snapshot analysis showed that 4 out of 15 (26.6%) patients who were admitted during this period were on VTE prophylaxis. Keywords: (VTE) PROPHYLAXIS AMONG (KAUH) ONCOLOGICAL PATIENTS. Title: VENOUS THROMBO-EMBOLISM (VTE) PROPHYLAXIS AMONG KING ABDULAZIZ UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL (KAUH) ONCOLOGICAL PATIENTS, A CROSS SECTIONAL SNAPSHOT Author: Bassim Albeirouti, Ameerh Meshael ALRobai, Rayan Nasser ALharthi, Hamza Mohammed S. AlQadi, Anas Mohammed S. AlQadi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The aim of this study was to discuss the Elevated ST segment in ECG in myocardial infarction (MI), and especially after thrombolysis treatment with streptokinase, also to overview the mechanisms of streptokinase as anticoagulant in MI. A computerized search was conducted through electronic medical databases (PubMed/Midline, Embase, and science-direct) for relevant trails, and articles that were published in English language up to December 17th 2016, and involving human subject. We used following medical heading in our electronic search through mentioned databases; “ST elevation” And “Myocardial infarction” OR “MI”, “thrombolysis” “streptokinase”. Significant advances in the early detection and reperfusion techniques of acute MI have caused a considerable decrease in morbidity and mortality. To even more optimize the medical outcome in these patients, many efforts have actually been geared towards cardioprotection against myocardial reperfusion injury with mechanical. Cloning of the SK gene in non-pathogenic microorganisms has enabled production of recombinant SK that gets rid of any risk of inadvertent inoculation of patients and production personnel with potentially pathogenic Streptococci. SK can be produced inexpensively in bulk by means of bacterial fermentation espically in MI and therapy of STEMI. Keywords: Streptokinase, myocardial infarction. Title: Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Thrombolysed with Streptokinase Author: Abdullah Osamah Samanudi, Baraa Mohammed Alim, Ahmed Taher Alsulaimani, Ghaida Mohammed Bawazeer, Abdulrahman Mohammed Alshehri, Abdulrahman Ghazi Allahyani International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Primary brain tumors might emerge from various cell types of the brain including glial cells, neurons, neuroglial precursor cells, pinealocytes, the meninges, choroid plexus, pericytes of the vessels, cells of the hypophysis, and lymphocytes. This review aimed to discuss the roles of CT& MRI in neuroimaging for evaluation and diagnosis of primary brain tumors, we intended to demonstrate the features of each of these imaging techniques, and then compare in between the two modalities in different aspects. Computerized and manual searches were performed to identify all relevant data publish through December 2016 looking for only English publications and human subject articles. Search was done through a PubMed search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library medical databases was performed. CT and MRI stay the main techniques utilized for the detection of primary brain tumors of the CNS. CT is very helpful in the setting of brand-new neurological indications or signs, with or without a history of malignancy. MRI is extremely delicate for the detection of brain metastases, but currently both MRI and CT are accepted methods of evaluating for brain metastases. But still MRI is a versatile and effective instrument for evaluating patients with main brain tumors. The integration of the MRI into treatment assessment helps in reducing early termination of reliable therapies because of treatment-associated imaging modifications. Keywords: CT& MRI. Title: Radiological Evaluation of Primary Brain Tumor Using CT & MRI: Systematic Review Author: Talal Duhaim M. Alanazi, Fahad Saad Z. Alanazi, Abdulrazaq Hudhayri A. Alhazeemi, Rawan Mohammed Al Anazi, Sultana Ali AlShammari, Woroud Mohammed Al Harthi, Mashael Abdullah Alshugaihi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals