Vol 4 Issue 2 October 2016-March 2017

Abstract: Maternal alloimmunization, likewise referred to as isoimmunization, happens when a lady's body immune system is sensitized to foreign erythrocyte surface area antigens, stimulating the production of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. We aimed by this review to emphasize the important and procedures which are done to prevent and to manage the Rh alloimmunization in pregnancy, we also aimed to discuss the complications that can occur in relation to this condition. The Embase and MEDLINE databases were searched for English-language articles to November 2016, relating to the prevention of Rh alloimmunization. Searching done using following terms: “Rho(D) immune globulin”, “Rh iso- or allo-immunization”, “anti-D, anti-Rh” together with other secondary terms which are: “pregnancy” and “prevention” and “Treatment”. Many scientific scenarios showed that the several factors can cause a Rh D-negative female to become alloimmunized. Of Rh D-negative women who do not receive RhoGAM during pregnancy, 17% will become alloimmunized; 90% of these cases can result from fetomaternal hemorrhage at delivery; 10% can arise from antenatal fetomaternal hemorrhage. Other evidence from our review stated that the quantity of blood had to become alloimmunized is tiny; a fetomaternal hemorrhage of less than 0.1 mL is all that is needed. Decreased incidence of Rh alloimmunization and decreased practice variation with regards to immunoprophylaxis strategies. Keywords: alloimmunization, immunoprophylaxis, “Rho (D) immune globulin”, RhoGAM. Title: Overview of Prevention and Management of Rh Alloimmunization in Pregnancy Author: Enas elsayed sharaf Khalil, Ahmed reyad elrify, Emad mohammed ghafori, tariq faruk kurdi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The aim of this review was to evaluate the Association between thyroid hormones changes and development of diabetes mellitus, through review the literatures concerning this matter. We intended to investigate whether diabetic complications were more prevalent in thyroid disease or dysfunction. We conducted comprehensive review among PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, databases for literature search. We obtained studies published between up to December, 2016. The studies were selected to evaluate relation and impact of thyroid disease or hormonal changes on development of Diabetes, only studies with human subjects, and published in English language were included to our review other than that were excluded immediately. Evidence recommend that low and low-normal thyroid function belong to an increased risk of diabetes. In individuals with prediabetes and low-normal and low thyroid function, the risk of development to diabetes seems more popular. Our review included routes that insights into the magnitude of the risk of diabetes and prediabetes associated with variations of thyroid function within the regular range. Subsequent research studies might deal with possible screening and treatment methods for both diabetes and thyroid dysfunction. Keywords: Diabetes, prediabetes, treatment methods. Title: Association between Thyroid Hormones Changes and Development of Type 2 Diabetes: (Systematic Review) Author: Abdullah Zeid Badbayyan, Yaman Mazen Almerstani, Mohamed Osama Allulu, Awni Mazen Al-lolo, Ghaliah Abdullah Al-haqas, Abdulrahman Ahmad Alnaser International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The main goal of this systematic review study was to discuss the Partial meniscectomy for meniscus tear from different perspectives, benefits over other methods, and outcomes. A review of the literature with use of the Medline database was carried out including look for the keywords "meniscus," "meniscal," "menisci," and "meniscectomy." The research studies were limited to human research study and to publications released approximately December 2016.Partial meniscectomy, stitches and meniscal allograft transplant strategies, as well as the most recent approaches developed, are really utilized. Meniscectomy leads to increase in peak tensions on the tibial plateau and this is straight correlated with the amount of tissue got rid of. Rehabilitation protocols for the resumption of sporting activities after surgery depend carefully on type of meniscal tear and surgery, specifically in the preliminary post-operative stage. Keywords: Partial Meniscectomy, Meniscus, Meniscal, Menisci. Title: Partial Meniscectomy for Meniscus Tear: Systematic Review Author: Faisal Jameel Filfilan, Hussam Salem Aljehani, Amro Mohammad Rambo, Ahmed Abdulhamid Aljahdali, Abdulaziz Dhaifallah Alzahrani, Abdullah Naif Alsulaimani, Abdulrahman Ahmad Alnaser International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Upper-gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) secondary to peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a severe medical condition that is related to considerable morbidity, high health care costs, and reduced lifestyle, patients believed to have UGIB secondary to PUD need immediate medical attention.. Main goal of this current study was to focus on the complications and management of Upper-gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) which is secondary to peptic ulcer disease (PUD), through reviewing the literature concerning this condition. In MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science databases search was performed for all studies published throughout the past 3 decades up to December 2016. This search was without language restriction, and involving articles with human subject discussion. We search for relevant articles which were discussing the upper-gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) which caused by peptic ulcer disease, and mainly those studies which review and evaluate the management of UGIB. Management of the patient providing with obvious bleeding earnings in a step-wise manner. The first step is assessment of hemodynamic status and initiation of resuscitative steps as required. Patients are risk stratified based upon scientific functions such as hemodynamic status, comorbidities, age, and preliminary laboratory tests. The majority of patients need to receive an upper endoscopy within 24 h or less, and endoscopic functions of the ulcer help in directing further management. Keywords: Upper-gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), MEDLINE/PubMed, peptic ulcer disease. Title: Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Due To Peptic Ulcer, Management and Complication: Overview Author: Abdulilah hamdan aljehani, Adel abdullah alshehri, Faisal hamdan aljuhine, Abdulrahman ali walibi, Musaab abdullah badawood, Faris Mohammed joukhab International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Acute cholecystitis is one of the most substantial diseases among population, takes place most frequently due to blockage of the cystic duct with gallstones (cholelithiasis) and is among the most common severe abdomen diseases in emergency clinic. This systematic review was aimed to compare early cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis versus delayed cholecystectomy, we also intended to overview the benefits and the disadvantages in between two procedures. The MIDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were searched from inception to December 2016. The electronic searches were performed using exploded medical Mesh terms including ‘cholecystitis’, ‘cholecystectomy’ and” acute cholecystitis” “early” and “delayed”. The searches were limited to human subjects and English language restriction was applied. The references of relevant reviews and included studies were also searched for more potentially eligible studies to our concerned topic.Our findings reveled no risk distinction between early and delayed surgical treatment on the basis of results in mortality, morbidity, and rates of conversion. The mean total health center stay was much shorter in the early group than in the postponed group, and there was no difference in operation time in between the two groups. cholecystectomy within 24 hours of healthcare facility admission was revealed to be superior to the conservative method worrying morbidity. Keywords: Gallstones (cholelithiasis), Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MIDLINE, Embase. Title: Systematic Review Comparing Early Versus Delayed Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis Author: Ahmad Adnan Hariri, Hatoon Mohammed Alkholi, Rasha Saeed Taher, Tahr Abdullah Alqurashi, Abdullah Ahmed Altwayrqi, Ahmed Maroof Ba Dheeb, Mohammad Abduh Algozi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Myopia is a global public health problem leading to visual impairment and blinding complications. It is the most common type of refractive error and is a complex trait including both genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of myopia among senior high school students in Sekyere East District of Ghana. The study was a cross-sectional study of students attending senior high schools in the Sekyere East District of Ghana. Out of the six senior high schools in the district, three were randomly selected and students were selected from these schools by systematic sampling method. Questionnaires were administered to all students and non-cycloplegic refraction was carried out for all students who failed the plus one blur test or with improvement of vision with a pin hole on the Snellen chat. Myopia for purposes of this study was defined by the investigators as spherical error of at least –0.50 diopters in one eye. The prevalence of myopia among the student was 27%. There was also a significant association between myopia and gender, age and socio economic status of students. This study concludes that myopia is a significant cause of visual impairment among senior high school students in the Sekyere East District of Ghana, and is therefore an issue of public health concern among senior high school students in the district. Cost effective strategies for vision screening of school children will be very beneficial to the school health program of the Ministry of Health. Keywords: Myopia, Prevalence, Sekyere East, Ashanti, Ghana. Title: Prevalence of Myopia in Sekyere East District of Ashanti Region, Ghana Author: Dr. Osei Boaitey, Dr. Cyril Nii Amankwah International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Pancytopenia is a rare complication of hyperthyroidism. Several cases had been reported before in the literature, the pathogenesis is still unclear. Immunological mechanisms have been suggested to be involved in the reduction of the life-span of blood cells and platelets. Hyperthyroidism can be associated with various hematological disorders, Especially single lineage abnormalities such as anemia (34%), leukopenia (5.8%), thrombocytopenia (3.3%) are reported, but pancytopenia is a rare presentation of hyperthyroidism. The suspected etiologic mechanisms include ineffective hematopoiesis, reduction in blood cell life span, autoimmune process, toxicity of thyroid hormone. We report a case describes a 47 yr old, female with pancytopenia. On further investigations the patient was found to have hyperthyroidism. Keywords: Pancytopenia, Hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, hematopoiesis. Title: Pancytopenia with Hyperthyroidism Author: Dr. Moosa Jeded S Alenazi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Current study is aiming to evaluate the success of surgical approaches to correct excess skin and fat from different body parts after excessive weight loss whether this loss was Bariatric surgery intervention or diet. Also to determine the benefits and side effects of such surgical procedures. The literature search was then carried out on Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane databases from inception till December 2016 for studies on the topic of surgical procedures in correction of extra skin and fat of different part of the body following body contouring surgery in massive weight loss patients. Massive weight loss (MWL) patients present a difficult difficulty to the plastic surgeon for body-contouring treatments. These patients harbor numerous issues. They often battle mental instability, may have intertrigo and other skin problem, and are prone to substantially higher problem rate than the remainder of the population. They usually require excisional procedures. Body contouring of MWL patients is a process and not just a single treatment. With care of a devoted and committed group that keeps management safe yet aggressive sufficient to sculpt a normal contour, these patients achieve their goal of getting rid of their "weight problems preconception. Keywords: Correct Excess Skin, Plastic Surgeon for Body-Contouring. Title: Overview of Surgical Approaches to Correct Excess Skin and Fat from Different Body Parts Author: Nasser Abdulaziz Almohaya, Abdullah Mohammed Alrubaie, Hameed Mohammed A Alshehri, Khalid Turki Altasan, Maan Khaled Salem Alraddadi, Hassan Mayudh Almalki, Saud Mohammed Altowerqi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Melanoma is a serious form of skin cancer it is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form melanocytes (cells that color the skin). This review was aimed to overview the malignant melanoma from different perspectives, we intended to discuss the bases and etiology behind melanoma forming, but the main aim was to evaluate the treatment options of malignant melanoma. An electronic database (PubMed/Midline, and Embase) were comprehensively searched for relevant articles there were published in English language and containing human subjects only up to December 2016. we used a following term as Mesh term to find related trails to our study; “malignant melanoma” Or ‘skin cancer” Or” metastatic melanoma” combined with “management” Or “treatment approaches”, Moreover we searched the references of each identified study for more related articles to support our evidence on treatment approaches of malignant melanoma. Treatment of melanoma malignancy remains an obstacle. Identifying the mutations in the various paths that cancer malignancy patients have obtained would enable the ongoing advancement of more efficacious treatments that aim to prevent drug resistance and cancer recurrence. The convergence of immunology with other disciplines of biomedical research would lead to additional improvement in the advancement of more recent and more efficacious restorative approaches to manage this debilitating and fatal disease While surgical treatment and radiation therapy might play a role in the palliation of signs from local tumor growth, systemic treatment is the essential of treatment for metastatic cancer malignancy. Keywords: malignant (cancer) cells, Treatment Approaches. Title: Overview of Malignant Melanoma and Treatment Approaches Author: Mohammed Talal Abdulhameed Alghamdi, Mohamed Sayed Yousef, Alwaleed Fahad Altemani, Doaa Khalid Bajabir, Mohammed Ali Mohammed Alasmari, Abdulhamid Talal Abdulhamid Alghamdi, Alruwhithi Ziad Abdulmoti, Yazeed Fahad Altemani, Abdullah Abdulaziz Alshehri, Emran Abbas A Khojah, Meshari Saleem M Alwagdani, Mohammad Siraj Ahmad, Hannin Mohammed Al reqei International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Gastric volvulus was Explained by Berti in 1866 based on the autopsy of a 61-year-old woman. Laparoscopy not only verifies the medical diagnosis and determines underlying inclining conditions. this systematic review was aim to collect the evidence from the few published trails and mostly case reports studies evaluating this surgical intervention procedure, we aimed also to show the efficiency of it and compare it with the traditional surgical procedures A laparoscopic technique to treatment can be utilized in the majority of cases, consisting of severe circumstances. MIDLINE (PubMed), and EMBASE databases were searched for relevant articles matching our concerned topic which is: Laparoscopic Gastropexy for Gastric Volvulus; only Six studies were identified discussing the effectiveness and efficiency of laparoscopic intervention in gastric volvulus up to date December, 2016. A number of recent reports have explained a laparoscopic technique to both persistent and intense gastric volvulus with great results. Gastric volvulus associated with large paraesophageal hernias can also be handled laparoscopically. It can be concluded that laparoscopic surgical treatment now represents a safe and acceptable method to treating gastric volvulus, with minimal morbidity and a shorter medical facility stay. Keywords: Gastric volvulus, Gastropexy, medical diagnosis and determines underlying. Title: Laparoscopic Gastropexy for Gastric Volvulus; Systematic Review Author: Abdulsalm Rashed Alshehri, Mesfer Farag Aldwasri, Ahmad Saud Alrahili, Hamdan Ahmed ALFaer, Abdullah Mohammed Alrubaie, Salman Assal Hanif Melhem, Abdullah Ali Mobarki International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The goal of this review is to highlight the most effective treatment for follicular lymphoma, however discussing different approaches of treatments but mostly to emphasize the efficient one. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) were methodically looked for research studies evaluating the treatments for follicular lymphoma, released in English from approximately date 2016. Additional sources were recognized through searches of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the European Hematology Association (EHA), and the bibliographies of included trials and current reviews. WW method is generally recommended for asymptomatic low tumor problem FL patients with advanced-stage disease, given that early systemic treatment has actually not shown benefits in OS compared to WW, and the progression-free survival and time to next treatment benefits of such techniques remain arguable. First-line rituximab monotherapy has shown really high action rates of 70 - 80%, and can produce long progression-free survival. The addition of rituximab to a number of chemotherapy routines enhanced the reaction rates, in a number of randomized controlled trials, combined rituximab plus chemotherapy (R-chemotherapy) demonstrated enhancements in total action rate, reaction duration and progression-free survival for untreated advanced-stage FL patients, and has actually shown total survival) benefits in some of these trials when compared with chemotherapy alone. Keywords: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), European Hematology Association (EHA). Title: Proper Diagnosis and Treatment Options of Follicular Lymphoma Author: Alghanmi Mousa Wasal, Alfifi Abdulaziz Hassan Y, Hussain Hasan Jammal, Dheifullah Mastoor AlZaidy, Mohammed Ali K Muqri, Ahmed Mayudh Almalki, Ahmed Edah Alzhrani International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Aim of this review was to evaluate the updated evidence on the treatment of acute liver failure (ALF), and moreover to discuss the diagnosis approaches which will determine the optimal treatment for ALF. We review the most updated studies in the management approaches of acute liver failure, but we also included some studies which are published earlier than 1995 December, up to December 2016 the Midline (PubMed) and Embase databases were searched for relevant articles to our concern subject, and then evidence was extracted carful from each study, to be able to performed this review as an updated study for all treatment approaches of ALF. Severe liver failure can be associated with rapidly progressive multiorgan failure and devastating issues; however, outcomes have actually been improved by use of emergency situation liver transplantation. A proof base for practice is emerging for supportive care, and a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the condition, specifically in relation to hepatic encephalopathy, will probably soon cause further enhancements in survival rates. Other evidence stated that Liver transplant remains the only intervention with survival benefit. Liver assist gadgets and hepatocyte transplant stay experimental and more advances are required. Public health measures to control hepatitis A, B, E, and drug-induced liver injury will lower the occurrence and death of ALF. Keywords: Acute Liver Failure (ALF), Public health measures. Title: Optimal Treatment of Acute Liver Failure in Adults (ALF): Overview Author: Abdulsalm rashed alshehri, Layth Khalid Alsulaiman, Abdullah Juayf Alanazi, Abdullah Saleh Alghanmi, Yasir Hameed Albeladi, Mugbil saad saeed Aljaman, Waheed Ali Ahmad Alshehri International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is underdiagnosed, undertreated, poorly comprehended, and a lot more typical than previously thought. Approximately 12% of the adult population has PAD, and the frequency is equal in men and women. This comprehensive review was aiming to discuss the peripheral artery disease (PAD), and especially the diagnosis procedures and treatment approaches to this disease. A comprehensive search was carried out through electronic databases; MEDLINE up to November 2016, and EMBASE and of reference lists to identify possible additional studies concerning the peripheral artery disease diagnosis and treatment. Possible studies for inclusion were independently assessed for suitability by authors and any lack of clarity or disagreement was resolved by discussion. PAD is a significant health issue and is related to increased cardiovascular morbidity and death. The ABI is an effective and simple test for identifying PAD. Management of PAD includes therapies to enhance measures and signs to reduce cardiovascular events. All patients with PAD need to receive an antiplatelet representative, statins to lower LDL below 100 mg/dL, and optimal therapy for hypertension and diabetes. Keywords: Peripheral artery disease (PAD), diagnosis, treatment, MEDLINE, diabetes. Title: Diagnosis and Roles of Therapeutic Management of Peripheral Artery Disease: Review Author: Yasir Hameed Albeladi, Tariq Ahmed Alghamdi, Mohammad Siraj Alghamdi, Majed abdulhakim alamoudi, Mesfer farag aldwasri, Nasser Faris Alahmari, Abdullah mosfer Alelyani International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The Achilles tendon (AT) is the strongest and thickest tendon in the body. It serves a fundamental function of linking the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles to the calcaneus bone to enable plantar flexion about the ankle joint. We aimed by this recent study to overview the Achilles tendon injuries in different aspects, we intended to examine the causes and risk factors and diagnosis of this condition, However the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment repair approaches to Achilles tendon injuries. Computerized search of the literature in the MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases was conducted December, 2016. The MESH search terms for MEDLINE are: “Achilles tendon” AND “tendon injuries OR tendinopathy” Combined with “treatment OR repair”, with limits for English language and humans. Safe tendon repair work fixation is necessary to avoid gapping and permit a sped up rehab. Selection of the stitch material and knotting method is likewise important to prevent tendon repair separation. Keywords: Achilles tendon injuries, treatment, MEDLINE. Title: Achilles Tendon Injuries And Repair: An Overview Author: Mohammed Ali Alorayyidh, Wail Akel Alkhaldi, Naif Ahmed Almutairi, Emad mobarak allehyani, Abdullah Mohammed Alrubaie, Hameed Mohammed A Alshehri International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked l ysosomal storage condition. The disease is defined by shortage of the lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase A. This study aims to improve our understanding of the clinical manifestation of patients with Fabry disease and to discuss the complications that can affect patient’s life from several aspects. The following electronic databases have been searched via OvidSP: Medline Embase and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, has been searched as well for all published studies until the December 2016.The search terms used were: Fabry disease, complications, clinical features, pain measurement, and their synonyms, Mesh terms (Medline) and headings (Embase). Fabry disease is uncommon and provides with varied symptoms in childhood and medical diagnosis is frequently delayed. Physicians needs to be familiar with early signs and symptoms of Fabry disease, which should be thought about in the differential diagnosis when a young patient presents with several non-specific or unusual but reoccurring or episodic signs, particularly inexplicable neuropathic pain, gastrointestinal signs, workout tiredness, intolerance and hypohidrosis. Keywords: Fabry disease (FD), pain measurement, clinical features, synonyms, (Medline), hypohidrosis. Title: Clinical Features and Complications of Fabry Disease; Systematic Review Author: Ali Mohammed Alghamdi, Sultan said mohammed alghamdi, Faisal Sultan Alharthi, Sultan musaed aiad Albalawi, Maan khaled salem alraddadi, Nasser Faris Alahmari, Saeed Abdulrahman Alshehri International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals