Vol 4 Issue 2 October 2016-March 2017

Abstract: Atopic dermatitis (AD) also known as atopic eczema and it is a common persistent skin disease identified by serious pruritus. It generally appears in infancy or youth and might persist into adulthood. We aimed by this systematic review study to highlight the most effective management for atopic dermatitis through evaluating the literature in this topic, and also to emphasize the proper treatment in different populations. All data sources were identified through computer-assisted searches of electronic databases of medical references, accompanied by complementary manual searches of the literature. In collaboration with a research librarian, the MEDLINE database and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched with the following key words: ‘atopic dermatitis’ and ‘eczema’ combined via the AND operator to the keyword ‘treatment options’ after all search terms had been exploded by the Medical Subjects Heading (MeSH) thesaurus. Returned results were restricted to clinical trials. Phototherapy with UVA1 is probably the most effective method for treating severe AD. An upkeep regimen of topical corticosteroids might lower regression rates in patients who have reoccurring moderate to extreme atopic dermatitis. Pimecrolimus and tacrolimus are calcineurin inhibitors that are advised as second-line treatment for individuals with moderate to serious atopic dermatitis and who are at risk of atrophy from topical corticosteroids. Keywords: Atopic dermatitis (AD), Medical Subjects Heading (MeSH). Title: Systematic Review of Management Approaches of Atopic Dermatitis Author: Mohammad siraj ahmad alghamdi, Sarah Fahad Altemani, Naif saeed alzahrani, Afnan dheifallah Alotaibi, Abdullah AEDH AlOtaibi, Ibrahim Ghazy Kiran Alreshidi, Eyman Omar Halabi, Rahmah Rubayyi AlJadani, Waad Ahmed shalabi, Abdulaziz Aati alharbi, Zena Maasarji, Ghadah Abdulrahman Bukhari International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is the most common organism. Approximately 30% of those having bacteremia with staphylococcus will develop endocarditis. This review was aimed to discuss the complications following infective endocarditis, and also overview the proper antibiotics treatment, and how effective could be this option of treatment over other options, we also indented to overview the risk factors and epidemiology of infective endocarditis in most evidence based review. We searched, with English language restrictions, and only human subject articles following electronic databases; PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE for any relevant article, whether was it reviews or randomized controlled studies or systematic reviews discussing infective endocarditis from the time of databases inception to December 2016. We used the term ‘infective endocarditis’ for the Mesh keyword. Date last search performed was December, 2016. Optimal antibiotic recommending for enterococcal IE requires that MICs of penicillin, amoxicillin, aminoglycosides, and glycopeptides be determined. When the strain shows only low‐level resistance to aminoglycoside, advised therapy is a combination of high‐dose β‐lactam (30-- 40 million units/day penicillin or 200 mg/kg/day amoxicillin) plus gentamicin for 4-6 weeks. The aminoglycoside element ought to be administered in two or three equally divided doses; this suggestion is based on outcomes of speculative studies. When it comes to high‐level resistance to gentamicin, cross‐resistance may be expected with all other aminoglycosides, other than often streptomycin Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, infective endocarditis, MICs of penicillin, amoxicillin, aminoglycosides. Title: Consequences of Infective Endocarditis, And the Effective of Antibiotics Treatments: Review Author: Nasser Mohammed Abdullah Alshahrani, Abdullah Saad Judaya Alshahrani, Fayez abdulrahman fayez alshahrani, Saeed Faleh Saeed Al Shahrani, Abdullah saad amer alshahrani, Abdulrahman Mubarak Abdulrahman Albishi, Abdualla Mohammed A Alshahrani, Abdulraheem Ali Alzahrani International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a relatively common acute cardiovascular disorder with high early mortality rates. the incidence of PE is estimated to be approximately 60 to 70 per 100,000, and that of venous thrombosis approximately 124 per 100,000 of the general population. This Systematic review study aimed to overview the pulmonary embolisms from different perspectives in family practice (primary care), we intended to discuss the role of early diagnosis and approaches to do so, also to evaluate the management available options in primary care for pulmonary embolisms. We conducted a systematic review study, through search in literature among Medline and the Database of Abstracts and Reviews (DARE) to identify identified clinical studies and systematic reviews. We searched Medline for English language publications and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to December 2016. Several studies compared the predictive worth of the gestalt and medical choice rule when utilized in combination with D-dimer testing for leaving out lung embolism. The level of sensitivity of gestalt was similar to medical rules (Wells, Geneva, Revised Geneva) however its uniqueness was lower. Using a point of care D-dimer test integrated with the Wells rule worked in reducing false positives. other evidence stated that the Family Physicians appear with apparently gave concern to sensitivity rather than uniqueness in role of diagnosis of PE. Keywords: Pulmonary embolism (PE), Database of Abstracts and Reviews (DARE). Title: Pulmonary Embolism in Family Practice Care; Systematic Review Author: Saadiah Adnan Balkhy, Faisal Jameel Filfilan, Yara Mohammed Akbar, Ayah Jihad Istanbouli, Aisha Muhammad Iqbal, Abdulaziz Dhaifallah Alzahrani, Abdullah Naif Alsulaimani International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a physiologic procedure. Regurgitation occurs in over 70% of babies multiple times a day, However it tends to disappear by the age of 12-14 months. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is defined and identified. Troublesome symptoms in babies might consist of excessive weeping, back arching, regurgitation, and irritation around feeding. Six studies were included in which all conducted in tertiary centers from Europe (Italy, Spain, and Belgium). Data from 408 individuals (age 1 month-13.6 years) and 145 controls (age 1 month-13.6 years) were considered in this research. The main aim of the systematic review is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of commonly used diagnostic tests over conventional history taking and physical examination in children ≤18 months and >18 months suspected of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Keywords: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER), apparent harmful events (ALTE). Title: Systematic Review of Surgical Management of Esophageal Atresia Pediatrics Author: Majed Mutlaq Al_thobaiti, Abdullah Mohammed Faisal Alshehri, Abdulaziz Mutlaq Al-Thobaiti, Ali Saad Al Muqbil, Faisal Thiab Odah Alenazi, Malek Hassan I alaaullah International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a typical chronic gastrointestinal disorder, specified by stomach pain, bowel dysfunction and bloating in the lack of structural abnormality. A number of recommendations were figured out by the search strategy. Sixteen studies pleased the main choice requirements for this examination. Probiotics may have a role in relieving some of the signs of IBS, a condition for which presently proof of efficiency of drug treatments is weak. Longer term trials are suggested as IBS is a condition that is chronic and usually periodic. The aim of this systematic review of randomized trials study was to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics in alleviating symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Keywords: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), chronic and usually periodic. Title: Role of Probiotics on Bowel Syndrome Treatments: Systematic Review Author: Yasser Yahya Ali AL_Habtar Asiri, Abdullah Khallufah Abdullah Asiri, Naif Dahman Abdullah Algosadi Alshehri, Abdulmajeed Abdullah Abdulrahman Abuhabshah International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This systematic review focuses on evaluating the reconstruction plastic surgical techniques of perineum, and abdominal wall defects, we intended to discuss the impact of surgical reconstruction on patients from different perspectives, and also to show different defects causes and their proper management. An organized search of PubMed was conducted up to December 2016 using the search terms: "perineum flaw" "abdominoperineal excision" or "abdominoperineal resection" in order to recognize research studies assessing the various techniques for reconstruction of the premium region and abdominal wall floor. Numerous factors like size and character of the flaw have to receive attention, but typically a pedicled flap like ALT flap or VRAM flap could be utilized. proof revealed patient who presents with an intricate stomach wall hernia, based upon the criteria used in this study, must consist of an assessment of the elements and place of the defect. Adequate tissue for direct closure is usually not available. When steady skin protection is present, intraperitoneal mesh positioning is recommended. When cutaneous protection is absent or compromised, abdominal wall reconstruction typically requires use of a flap. Keywords: ALT flap or VRAM flap, Perineum and Abdominal Wall. Title: Surgical Reconstruction of Perineum and Abdominal Wall: systematic review Author: Farraj Abdullah AL-zahrani, Alaa Ahmed Saif, Rakan Nizar Wizza, Ahmad Nezar Joharji, Salman Abdulrhman Alolait, Ahmad Shueai Salahi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Post Cholecystectomy Biliary Leakage (PCBL) is uncommon but can happen in 0.3-2.7% of patients. We aimed by this review to highlight the most etiological factors contributing in bile leakage after Cholecystectomy, but the main objective of this paper was to evaluate the treatment approaches for Post Cholecystectomy Biliary Leakage (PCBL), mostly surgical procedures in management of PCBL. We performed an electronic search through several databases; MIDLINE, and EMBASE to the date November 2016. A Medline search of the literature was done using keywords such as bile leakage and bile duct injury, surgical management of PCBL. When bile leak is identified after LC, it is very important to consider how the leak has actually emerged. Offered the variety of readily available treatments, ranging from a few days of observation to sophisticated biliary enteric coronary bypass, the etiology of the leak-age ought to be definitely figured out before any intervention happens, consequently reducing unnecessary exploration. When deciding upon the most suitable management of Bile Leakage After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy exploration, numerous factors need to be evaluated. Many factors have to be assessed when deciding upon the most ideal management of bile leak, consisting of the surgeon's experience, availability of an endoscopist, cost-effectiveness, equipment requirements, and length of admission and follow-up. Keywords: Post Cholecystectomy Biliary Leakage (PCBL), endoscopist. Title: Post Cholecystectomy Biliary Leakage and its Management; Overview Author: Amnah Ahmed Alhuwayji, Amal Almass Alblushi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Angioleiomyoma is a benign tumor arising from the vascular smooth muscle (tunica media) and presents commonly between third and fifth decades of life. Although there are sporadic reports about this tumor in the literature, none describes all the information in detail. It is an extremely rare benign tumor. Since the first case reported by Maesaka et al in1966, only 30 cases of angioleiomyoma of the nasal cavity have been published in English literature. Angioleiomyoma presents as a painful mass in approximately 60% of the cases. Pre- operative diagnosis is difficult, but with a high index of suspicion and awareness, it is possible. The use of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging should be considered. It causes minimal morbidity and excision is usually curative. Histological examination using smooth muscle Actin stain portraits the smooth muscle bundles clearly. We report here a case of angioleiomyoma of nasal cavity in a 33 years old female presented with a mass in Rt. Nasal cavity, manifested mainly with nasal obstruction. Keywords: Nasal Cavity, Angioleiomyoma. Title: Angioleiomyoma of the Nasal Cavity An Unusual Tumor Author: Mustafa Jamal Al Khanani, Abdullah Alrasheedi, Jameel Nasser Alswaheb, Haitham Nasser International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), previously called acetabular rim syndrome or cervicoacatebular impingement; is the main reason for early damage to the acetabular labrum and articular cartilage of the hip, especially in young, active patients and high-level professional athletes. The main objective of surgical treatment for this condition is to improve the clearance for motion at the hip joint and reduce the femoral thrust against the acetabular rim. Surgical treatments for dealing with FAI include arthroscopic or open surgery and hip replacement. Arthroscopic surgery includes the insertion of an arthroscope and little surgical instruments through several little skin incisions into the joint for evaluation, shaving of bone stimulates or removal of damaged cartilage as needed. Open surgery is carried out when big problems are present. Hip replacement is essential when no articular cartilage exists. Our main objective was to provide a systematic review of the treatment outcome studies investigating the open, mini-open, and arthroscopic methods and to provide some comparisons between these current surgical options for managing FAI. Keywords: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), Arthroscopic Methods. Title: Management Approach of Femoralacetabular Impingement: Systematic Review Author: Alajmi Refan Naji D, Mahroos Mohammed Essam A, Faqih Eman Abdulaziz H, Abdulrahman Mohammed Mubti Al Shehri, Ali Ahmed Al-moadi Assiri, Sayyaf Abdullah Mohammed Najmi, Khalid Haji Mohammad Amin, Zahra Ebrahim Merza Jahromi, Rawan Hameed Ahmed Alrashed, Fatema Abdulameer Ali Ahmed International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Pneumothorax is specified as the presence of air in the pleural cavity; the space between the chest wall and the lung itself. We aimed to overview the pneumothorax as it’s an emergency condition that need urgent diagnosis and treatment in emergency medicine, we intended to evaluate the procedures that are available in ER to early diagnosis of Pneumothorax, and demonstrate some studies that are concerned with this topic. We conducted a comprehensive literature search of related studies to emergency management and diagnosis of pneumothorax, through database, PubMed (Midline) to the period of December 2016, using Mesh terms as following; Pneumothorax, spontaneous pneumothorax, emergency department, urgent treatment, early diagnosis. We tried to extract more studies from the references list of identified studies, to provide more supportive evidence for our study. Traditional techniques to the diagnosis and management of pneumothorax are being challenged, and physicians need to keep an open mind regarding brand-new approaches to this condition. As CT scans have actually become more affordable and more extensively utilized their role in detecting pneumothorax is likewise evolving and being more clearly defined. More cases of little pneumothorax are being identified, but management decisions are not always being changed. Less costly and less painful options (besides standard tube thoracostomy and admission) exist for lots of etiologies, and more patients are being discharged home than in the past. Comprehending these patterns is critical to supplying ideal take care of patients with pneumothorax. Keywords: PNEUMOTHORAX, PubMed. Title: Urgent Diagnosis and Management of PNEUMOTHORAX in Emergency Department: Overview Author: Ahmed Shawki Ibrahim Almallah, Yousif Abdullah Ahmed Alsaggaf, Aisha Abdulwadod Abdulmughi Algaradi, Hussain Mohammad Alqurashi, Waleed Khalid A Nawwab, Abdulrahman Naif A Qutub, Saad Mustafa Saad Alharbi, Aiman Mohammed Alshomrani International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a major frequently dangerous, iatrogenic complication of assisted reproduction. Moderate & severe OHSS has actually been reported to happen in 0.2 - 2% of all ovarian stimulation cycles. This review aimed to discuss the Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) from different clinical aspects, we intended to overview the diagnostic approaches and proper treatment of OHSS. A detailed search was conducted through electronic; PubMed/MIDLINE, and Embase databases, to find a relevant article to the aim of this study, this was conducted to search studies that were published in English language up to December 2016, with human subjects only. Prevention of OHSS begins with tailoring an individual's ovarian stimulation protocol based on their risk profile, through managed ovarian stimulation. Selecting one standardized preventative method for all patients or a big cohort of patients undergoing regulated ovarian stimulation is difficult, since the risks and advantages related to each technique vary between individuals. Recognition of hormonal, practical and hereditary markers of ovarian action will help with regulated ovarian stimulation. Keywords: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), patients, Diagnosis, treatment, PubMed/MIDLINE. Title: Overview of Diagnosis and Management of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome Author: Yusra Mohammed Abdullah Alahmari, Mona Bishi Majrashi, Jaber Ibrahim Assiri, Hana Menwer Ali, Ashwaq Mushabab Assiry, Alhanoof Ali Alshaghrood, Ayman Mohammad Aboalam International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Systemic mastocytosis (SM) constitutes a stem cell-derived clonal myeloproliferation with obvious mast cell expansion. Medical symptoms include urticaria pigmentosa and mast cell arbitrator release signs (MCMRS) such as anaphylaxis, diarrhea, and presyncope. This review aimed to discuss and evaluate the diagnosis approaches of Systemic mastocytosis also to be able to clear the concepts of diagnosis of this stem cell disorder, we therefore reviewed the clinical manifestations of mastocytosis. PubMed, and Embase databases searches were performed for articles published regarding diagnosis procedures of systemic mastocytosis and the diagnostic criteria and treatment options for this condition using the keywords: systemic mastocytosis, mastocytosis prognosis, World Health Organization diagnostic criteria, management, diagnosis, retrieved articles were surveyed for additional citations. The method to adult patients with presumed mastocytosis is a diagnostic obstacle in daily practice, particularly when the doctor is unaware of the biology and etiology of the disease, no skin lesions exist, blood counts are normal and the serum tryptase level is slightly elevated or within typical range. The KIT anomaly analysis (KIT D816V) in the peripheral blood is a necessary pre-invasive test in these patients. A favorable test outcome is suggestive of the existence of SM, with all clinical consequences, including a bone marrow biopsy. Keywords: Systemic mastocytosis (SM), mast cell arbitrator release signs (MCMRS), KIT anomaly analysis. Title: Overview of Diagnostic Procedure of Systemic Mastocytosis Author: Ali Abdulrahman Saad Alghamdi, Yousif Abdullah Ahmed Alsaggaf, Aisha Abdulwadod Abdulmughi Algaradi, Hussain Mohammad Alqurashi, Waleed Khalid A Nawwab, Abdulrahman Naif A Qutub, Saad Mustafa Saad Alharbi, Aiman Mohammed Alshomrani International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and death regardless of targeting of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by statin treatment. The requirement for recognition of extra causal factors. We aimed by this comprehensive review to discuss the role of lipoprotein (A) as a risk factor of the most devastating ischemic heart disease which is myocardial infarction. We Conducted a database; PubMed and Embase comprehensive search up to December 2016, we search a relevant trail to our concern topic (Role of Lipoprotein (a) as risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, myocardial infarction). The occurrence of elevated serum Lp(a) level was not significantly different in between patients with myocardial infarction and control subjects, recommending that this lipoprotein might not play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart diseases. Numerous studie showed a significantly greater level of serum Lp(a) was noted in patients with, than in those without, prior MI, recommending that Lp(a) is a risk factor for the occurrence of AMI. Raised Lp(a) levels might promote atherosclerosis via Lp(a)-obtained cholesterol entrapment in the intima, through inflammatory cell recruitment, and/or by means of the binding of pro-inflammatory-oxidized phospholipids. Keywords: Myocardial infarction (MI), low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Title: Lipoprotein (A) As a Risk Factor in Myocardial Infarction Author: Torki Mosaad Ahmed, Shaker Hassan S Aljabri, Baraa Emad Abuzinadah, Abdullah Abbas Mohamed International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Ischemic colitis (IC) is the most typical type of intestinal (GI) ischemia, representing 50 to 60% of all cases1 and occurring with an incidence of 4.5 to 44 cases per 100,000 individual years. The aim of this Overview paper was to demonstrate brief review of Ischemic colitis from different aspects, However the main aim was to discuss the diagnostic approaches and proper management therapies for Ischemic colitis, through reviewing the evidence based trails. We have conducted literature searching through electronic databases; MEDLINE and EMBASE with language restriction to English, and only human subject articles were included in this review up to December 2016, Our search was performed using the search terms; ischemic colitis, ischaemic colitis, colon ischemia, colonic ischemia, colon ischaemia, colonic ischaemia, colon gangrene, colonic gangrene, colon infarction, colonic infarction, rectal ischemia, rectal ischaemia, ischemic proctitis, ischaemic proctitis, cecal ischemia, cecal ischaemia, ischemic colon stricture, ischaemic colon stricture, ischemic colonic stricture, ischaemic colonic stricture Combined with treatment, therapies, and diagnosis. Ischemic colitis occurs as the result of a compromise in intestinal blood flow that can produce a spectrum of injury from short-term self-limited ischemia to fulminant ischemia or transmural infarction. Its medical diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, and the clinician needs to think about the diagnosis in patients with acute stomach pain and bloody stools. The majority of patients improve within a number of days with supportive care, others will require laparotomy with bowel resection. Keywords: Ischemic colitis (IC), Diagnosis and Management. Title: Overview of Diagnosis and Management of Ischemic Colitis Author: Khalid Ibrahim Bahni Alshaikhi, Zayed mohammad Zaied, Mohammed Ali Yahya Al-Asiri, Ibrahim ali yahia al_asiri, Dhafer Saeed Dhafer Alamri, Abdullah Mania Abdullah Aseeri, Abdullah Mohammed Ahmad Alzahrani International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Streptococcus pneumoniae is among the major bacterial pathogens responsible for a wide spectrum of invasive disease and severe breathing system infections such as community-acquired pneumonia, intense otitis media, bacteremia, and meningitis, specifically in children younger than 2 years in both developing and industrialized countries. Therefore, the goal of this systematic review study was to evaluate the Pneumococcal Vaccination of Preterm Infant from different perspectives, including benefits, mortality, efficiency side effects, and international programme for this type of vaccinations. Articles were identified from systematic searches of the PubMed (MIDLINE), Embase and Cochrane Collaboration databases, through the period up to December 2016, Our search included reviews of bibliographic reference lists of identified studies. The literature search covered all years and there was language restriction to English, and only articles with Human subjects, thus animal’s models were excluded in this review. PCV13 was well endured in early infants. Different priming schedules resulted in higher IgG concentrations at various times throughout the very first 13 months of life. We believe that such information will be beneficial to those planning or providing pneumococcal vaccines to preterm infants and will allow them to think about this finding in the context of their own immunization programs and epidemiologic circumstance, in other studies PCV-7 immunogenicity among VLBW infants, even the tiniest and least mature infants normally accomplished antibody concentrations much like those explained in full-term infants. The favorable immunogenicity of PCV-7 amongst. Keywords: Pneumococcal Vaccination, Preterm Infant, VLBW. Title: Systematic Review of Pneumococcal Vaccination of Preterm Infant Author: Fayez Sulobi Alenezi, Mohana Jabban Alenezi, Fahad Ali AlZahrani, Osama Saleh Alnefisah, Abdullah Sulaiman Alturaif, Abdulmajeed Mousa Saud Al Harbi, Abdulaziz Abdullah Aldalbahi, Suhail Mohammed Alzahrani International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals