Vol 4 Issue 2 October 2016-March 2017

Abstract: More than 30% of preterm children born before 30 weeks' gestational age establish neonatal Chronic lung disease (CLD), also called bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a disease with significant morbidity and mortality. In this review paper the main aim was to discuss and overview the recent advances in treatment approaches for the prevention and management of chronic lung disease (CLD) in infant, by other words bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and discuss approaches with future potential. This review is based on published meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, individual clinical studies, but only studies which were related to Chronic lung disease (CLD), and mostly the management therapy of this condition in infancy, this was done by performing an electronic search among the databases; PubMed, and Embase, through the period until December 2016, we Included all relevant articles and restricted our search to English published articles with human, and animal subjects. Numerous therapy techniques for CLD have been assessed in well-conducted medical trials and meta-analyses. Although for a few of these therapies conclusive proof of efficacy is doing not have there are numerous continuous areas of research study that show potential. Keywords: Chronic lung disease (CLD), Broncho Pulmonary Dysplasia (BPD), Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs). Title: Pulmonary Disease (Chronic Lung Disease) in Infants; Overview of Proper Management Author: Abrar Saeed Baraweih, Asma fawzi Hassan hijji, Raniah Mohsen Abdullah Bin Mahfooz, Ragaa awad keyaty Ali, Sara saeed ahmed Alzahrani International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The oral contraceptive pill, was presented in the beginning of the 1960s and the significance of this invention may not be overstated. For the very first time in history, the woman herself had the possibility to control her own fertility. We aimed by this systematic review study to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of most used contraceptives, moreover we attend to discuss the side effects of each type of contraceptives by reviewing the literature and including studies concerning the same topic. We performed electronic search through, MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCO, for all published articles up to November 2016, we limited our search English studies only, only human trails were included. Constant OCPs are a safe and reputable form of birth control. The metabolic, hormonal, and endometrial results are comparable in constant and cyclic OCP users. The most frequently reported side effect of continuous OCP dosing is irregular vaginal bleeding, however the incidence of this reduces gradually and most patients will get amenorrhea after 1 year of treatment. Constant OCP dosing has proven effective in females with menstrual signs and dysmenorrhea, although larger randomized studies are suggested. Patient fulfillment with both cyclic and constant OCP use is high. Keywords: cyclic OCP, PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCO, Contraceptive and its side effects. Title: Efficiency and Safety of Different Types of Contraceptive and Its Side Effects: Systematic Review Author: Mohammed abdulrahman hussain, Nada dheya alothmany, Tyseer Md Ashraf Hossain Talukdar, Aziza sameer nazmi, Ahmad saleh mufti, Rinad hisham shilli, Kamal Alaa Hanbazazah, Rashid Ali Barnawi, Mohammed Fareed Bukhari, Abdulaziz Mohammed Ghurab, Hassan Khalid Balubaid International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Improving the quality-of-care for patients with chronic conditions like diabetes mellitus ended up being an essential focus of the primary health-care system and policy. The aim of this review was to determine through evidence the effective treatment of diabetes in primary care setting and the reflect of that on the health of those patients, we intended to also discuss different programs and guidelines from different countries that participate in improving the treatment of diabetes. We conducted a comprehensive search of literature among PubMed (MIDLINE), and EMBASE databases, up to December 2016, this search was performed to find a relevant articles concerning the effective treatment of diabetes in primary care, and its related to improve the health of patients suffering from diabetes mellitus. To guarantee that practices have the requisite know-how to manage diabetes, formal standards work as the foundation for our approach. However, we need to compare patient complete satisfaction with care and medical benefits occurring from adherence to standards. In order for a patient to get medical gain from adherence to standards, the guidelines must be clear and medically proper to the doctor, who must consent to their content and want to incorporate them into his day-to-day practice. Keywords: PubMed (MIDLINE), and EMBASE Databases, Diabetes Patient’s Health and Affective Treatment. Title: Association between Diabetes Patient’s Health and Affective Treatment in the Primary Care Setting Author: Naif Mohammed Alhazmi, Hatim Mohsen AlKhudaydi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Penetrating heart injuries is considered a challenging problem. Patients who reach the hospital alive require immediate resuscitation and excellent surgery. Aim of this study to determine the patient’s outcome of penetrating cardiac injuries in our center. Material and methods: During the 7-year period from January 2008 to 2015, retrospectively we collected and recorded data of managed thirty-one patients with penetrating stab wound of the heart who presented at our trauma center in King Khalid hospital and Prince Sultan for medical services, Al Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Only patients discharged from the hospital considered survivors. Results: Twenty-six patients (83.9%) were males and five (16.1%) were females. The mean age of the patients was 26.48±11.20 years. The overall mortality was eight patients (25.8%). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≤90 mmHg was found in 23 patients (74.2%) whereas eight (25.8%) had SBP≤50 mmHg. Nine patients (29%) were unconscious. The percentage of patients with SBP≤50 mmHg and unconscious was significantly higher among non-survivors. The right ventricle was the most frequently injured cardiac chamber (48.4%), followed by the left ventricle (19.4%), but right atrium was injured in four patients (12.9%), whereas the left atrium was in three patients (9.7%) like the pulmonary artery. Concerning wounded chambers, there is no significant differences between survivors and non-survivors. Conclusion: The key to successful management is early diagnosis with aggressive and accurate resuscitation measurement and surgical repair to improve the patient’s outcome. Keywords: Penetrating, Cardiac, Injury, Outcome. Title: Outcome of Penetrating Cardiac Injuries in Our Center Author: Mohamed Abdelaal, Ihab Moursi, Abdulaziz Mubarak Aljuhayim, Abdurhaman Furaih Alharbi, Humoud Owaidh Almutairi, Abdulrahman Rsheed Bin Swilim International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is a common infectious granulomatous disease in Malaysia, especially Sabah. Anal TB is extremely rare, approximately less than 1% of the cases. It can present as fistula-in-ano, ulcer, stricture, and even mass. The diagnosis can be established via bacteriological, histopathological and molecular methods; even Mantoux test, chest radiography and ESR occasionally are not helpful. Anti-TB medication is the primary line of treatment as surgery alone is inadequate. We present a case of anal TB presented with nodular mass with ulcerated surface mimicking malignancy, our management strategies and review of the literature. Keywords: Extra-pulmonary, anal tuberculosis, anal mass, ulcerated mass. Title: Tuberculosis: A Rare Entity of Anal Disease Author: Ho Hui Lian, Hud Zin, Firdaus Hayati, Nornazirah Azizan, Khasnizal Abd Karim International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital malformation of gastrointestinal tract. It can cause complications in the form of ulceration, haemorrhage, intussusception, intestinal obstruction, perforation and, very rarely, vesicodiverticular fistulae and tumours. These complications, especially bleeding, are more common in the paediatric age group than in adults Gastric mucosal secretions can cause peptic ulceration resulting in pain, bleeding and perforation. Technetium-99m (99mTc) pertechnetate scintigraphy is helpful in diagnosing ectopic gastric mucosa This paper presents and describes a case of Meckel’s diverticulum and reviewed the literature regarding General considerations for diagnostic difficulties . Keywords: Meckel's diverticulum, SPECT, Technetium-99m (99mTc) Pertechnetate Scintigraphy. Title: Meckel's Diverticulum: Demonstration of Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa with Tc-99m Pertechnetate SPECT Author: Dr. Moosa Jeded S Alenazi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: sickle cell anemia is the most common genetic disease; it is an inherited disorder that the red blood cells become crescent-shaped because of a genetic defect. It is affecting the quality of life and associated with a high level of mortality. Objective: the aim of this study was to assess the mother knowledge of sickle cell anemia. Method: cross-sectional study involving 50 mothers’ of children with sickle cell anemia who living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data was collected via a questionnaire filled in by trained Arabic speaking research assistants who interviewed mothers about the sickle cell anemia aspects of their Children, assessed their knowledge and behavior concerning sickle cell anemia in their children as well as collecting the necessary sociodemographic characteristics of the mothers, and children themselves. Result: it was found that 40%, and 34% of the mothers were in their thirties and illiterate, respectively. 52% of the their children were female, and 42% current age between 8-13years , 66% were under 2 years when they first diagnosed with Sickle cell anemia. The results showed that 34 out of 50 of mothers were unaware about etiology and symptoms of disease and the crisis. 70% of their children were admitted to emergency department yearly. The least known information among mothers was the complications of sickle cell anima (20%). Conclusion: the results showed that mothers were significant inferior knowledge about etiology and symptoms of disease and the crisis. More education is needed to help the mothers of Sickle cell anemia to attain the necessary knowledge and practices to care for their children. Keywords: Sickle cell disease, sickle cell anaemia, crisis. Title: Assess Mother’s Knowledge Regarding Their Children with Sickle Cell Disease Author: Fahad F. Almutairi, Naif F. Almutairi, Albandari F. Almutairi, Manal F. Almutairi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Facial transplantation has emerged in recent years as a promising treatment option for patients with severe facial burns especially to those who are suffering crushing injuries and result in various physical and psychosocial effects. Structures affected, for example, the nose and teeth might get twisted because of irregular outside strengths brought about by contractures. Genuine inconveniences, for example, impediment amblyopia and microstomia must be expected and desperately tended to deflect lasting results, though other reconstructive techniques can be postponed until scar development happens. Reconstruct complex facial injuries is still a challenge regardless of the development of microsurgical techniques. The reconstructive options for conditions such as facial burns are very limited. But it’s very important since it might be a surgical intercession with the possibility to lessen the psychiatric suffering connected with individuals suffering burns injuries. This study comes to evaluate and discuss the success and safety of face reconstruction transplantation after burn accidents. To do this we have conducted systemic review search for similar previous studies mainly in Medline (PubMed), the studies were included which are concerning Facial transplantation after burn injuries. Keywords: Burn, Transplant, Reconstruction, Microsurgery, Face. Title: Reconstructive Face Transplant after Burn Injuries Author: Ahmad Nahhas International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are considered to be the most common type of childhood abnormality, with a worldwide occurrence of 9.1 per 1000 live births, and are associated in 12% of cases with a chromosomal abnormality, such as Down syndrome. The main aim of this systematic review is to review the literature and including findings concerning quality of life in children with CHD. and to identify the main determinants of quality of life in children with CHD. We conducted a comprehensive review in PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE which was carried out using the following key-terms: quality of life, congenital, heart defects, children. We included articles published through 2016. The search limited to Only English language articles, and systematic search and control for duplicates led to the initial selected articles was performed. we included all studies were relevant to the topic of this paper. CHD is connected with a high frequency of neuro-developmental delay and psychosocial specials needs with significant influence on all dimensions of QOL of the afflicted child and his member of the family. As a repercussion, the investigation of QOL becomes an essential element in the management of children with CHD and their families. The number of studies on lifestyle in children and teenagers with congenital heart disease has actually increased in the last few years due to increased survival in this population. Keywords: Congenital heart diseases, heart defects. Title: Life Quality of Children with Congenital Heart Disease: Systematic Review Author: Elaf mohammed albasheri, Jawaher Ibrahim Alqurashi, Sahar Abdulrahman alyamani, Samaa Majed, Fawziah Ali halawani, Abdulrahman Alamodi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Childhood vaccination continues to be the most efficient public health method to prevent and control contagious diseases. Vaccination has been described as among the greatest public health accomplishments of the 20th century. This review was aimed to overview the childhood vaccination from different perspectives, and to discuss the complications (adverse effects) and benefits these vaccinations on children health and on this life. was developed an electronic search in MEDLINE, & Embase, PsychInfo, Cochrane, CINAHL databases, through the time up to December 2016, our search strategy used several terms including; vaccine, immunis, immunize AND combined with; attitude, side effects, benefits, complications distrust mistrust, awareness dropout, misinformation barrier, belief, fear, Rejection opposition choice. Articles search was limited to English published, and Human subject related articles, we included only those trails which discussing vaccination for infants and children aged under 12 years old.The majority of the infections targeted by youth vaccines have the possible to cause neurologic problems and subsequent special needs. Taken together, the burden for moms and dads and society in taking care of affected kids is substantial. Of higher importance is our finding that kids are at risk of having lower vaccination coverage if their moms and dads have a bad working relationship with their child's vaccination service provider or mistrust the medical profession in general. Keywords: Childhood vaccination, MEDLINE, & Embase, PsychInfo, Cochrane, CINAHL databases. Title: An Overview of Childhood Vaccination, Benefits and Complications Author: Hussain Nasser Kariri, Ayman Mohammad Aboalam, Hassan saeed al azlal alshahrani, Amjad turki Ahmed fakieh, Saad Husain Saad Shabeeb, Bader ali asiri, Saeed Mubarak Mohammed Alahmari, Yahya Hadi Mohammed Zakri International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is among the leading root causes of death and morbidity globally. We aimed by this overview to evaluate the cardiovascular risk management programmed in primary care worldwide, we also attempted to discuss the prevention programs that could in family practice which increase the life quality for patients with CVD. We conducted this overview study through electronic search of several databases; PubMed (MIDLINE), EMBASE, and Google Scholar, up to November 2016, we restricted our search to English language articles, and we included all types of studies such Randomized control trials, reviews, that discussing the management of CVD in primary care. Despite the advantages showed for handling cardiovascular risks, gaps stay in primary care specialists' management of dangers according to guideline suggestions. Ingenious academic methods are needed to resolve barriers, and target particular groups of physicians to help with the implementation of guideline-based recommendations in CVD management. Keywords: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), MIDLINE), EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Title: Cardiovascular Patients’ Risk Status and the Management of Their Prevention Programme in Family Practice; Overview Author: Abdullah Sulaiman ALdhuwyan, Tameem Abdulaziz Alhomaid, Suliman Ali Almerdasy, Nasser Saleh Alwashmi, Abdullah Ahmad Al-Hudaib, Abdulhameed Ali H Aloraini International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE), defined as the inflammation of the mucus membranes of the gastrointestinal tract and is characterized by diarrhea or vomiting. It is a common childhood disease. The purpose of this review is to discuss the management options for those children with acute gastroenteritis. We search major databases; PubMed (MIDLINE) and Embase for the identification most important and recent reviews and clinical trials on the following treatments of AGE in children were potentially eligible for inclusion. We excluded reviews of other topics including the prevention of gastroenteritis. Thus, we searched the mentioned databases through December 2016.Rehydrate children with AGE are required, the rapid rehydration plans might be filled with electrolyte imbalances and have no clear advantages compared to standard rehydration. Probiotics have actually been shown to reduce hospitalization duration by over 24 hours. The financial and scientific implications that this benefit incurs could be substantial at both a patient- and hospital-level. Although the existing proof for probiotics utilize in AGE appears to favor its usage, the size of the effect differs throughout research studies. Keywords: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE), PubMed (MIDLINE) and Embase. Title: Overview of Optimal Management for Pediatric Acute Gastroenteritis Author: Mohammad Abdalilah Mahmood Fadhil, Malak Fahad Marzooq almogthali, Reem Hamoud A Altowairqi, Waad Mohammed Alsofyani, Razan Abdulsamad Abdulsalam International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Significant effort has been extended over the past few years to evaluate the potential for adoptive T cell transfer to treat cancer. We aimed with this Systematic review study to evaluate the effectiveness of T cell transfer for cancer immunotherapy, also aimed to discuss the different approaches using this immunomodulation of T cell, and to overview those successful trails that have performed this method of treatment. Databases, PubMed, EMBASE, were searched to identified relevant trails discussing the effectiveness of T cell transfer for cancer immunotherapy; we searched for eligible studies that were published in English languages up to December 2016. Adoptive T cell transfer for cancer and chronic infection is an emerging field that shows promise in recent trials. Artificial biology-based engineering of T lymphocytes to reveal high affinity antigen-receptors can conquer immune tolerance, which has been a major restriction of immunotherapy-based techniques. Keywords: T cell transfer, Databases, PubMed, EMBASE. Title: T- Cell Transfer as an Effective Cancer Immunotherapy: Systematic Review Author: Sami Marei Ali Alqahtani, Mohammed Awn Dhafer Alqahtani, Jaber Ibrahim Jaber Assiri, Albara Abdullah mohammad Al mushham, Saleh Saeed Ali Alqarni, Hatim Abdullah Hossain Ramza, Khalid Hussain Mohammed Alhassani, Assaf Abdullah Assaf Alkatheri International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Stroke is the number one cause of adult life impairment in the United States and Europe and is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Around 15% of strokes are hemorrhagic and 85% are ischemic. This study aimed to overview and demonstrate the etiology and risk factors of Acute Ischemic Stroke, and we also aimed to review the most common complication associated with AIS, or following it. A comprehensive search was conducted through major databases; Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, through December, 2016,). The search strategy used Mesh terms; stroke, ischemic stroke, transient ischemic stroke, combined with Etiology, AND Complications. Conference proceedings of major neurology, neurosurgery, and stroke organizations were searched manually to identify relevant abstracts and potential articles. Markers of inflammation have been revealed to be risk markers of stroke. In epidemiological studies, the leukocyte count was connected with the risk of first-time myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, a result that was independent of smoking cigarettes and other vascular risk factors shown in several studies. stroke risk factors may influence the interaction between inflammatory cells and the surrounding resident cerebrovascular cells, causing increased susceptibility to inflammatory stimulation and to the development of atheromatous plaques in big arteries and intimal thickening with local apoplexy in smaller arterioles. Keywords: Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid Cochrane, Acute ischemic stroke, Etiology and complications. Title: Acute Ischemic Stroke, Etiology and Complications; Overview Author: Elaf Mohammed Albasheri, Jawaher Ibrahim Alqurashi, Sahar Abdulrahman alyamani, Samaa Majed, Fawziah Ali halawani, Abdulrahman alamodi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Hypothyroidism is more typical in preterm infants than in term infants, particularly in sick preterm infants. Preterm infants have lower levels of tri-iodothyronine (T3) and free thyroxine (T4) than term infants during the very first several weeks, which is more extreme in the tiniest and least fully grown preterm infants. Therefore, this systematic review study aimed to evaluate the delayed thyroid function in newborns especially in low birth weight (LBW), from different aspects, also we aimed to discuss the complications that occur in consequence to this condition. We conducted our electronic search for relevant articles through several databases such; PubMed (MIDLINE), EMBASE, and GOOGLE scholar, up to December 2016, this searching for articles was done by combining the search terms premature*, preterm, low birth weight, thyroid function. Then lists of published articles were hand-searched to identify additional relevant studies. Thyroid dysfunction is frequently observed among the comorbidities related to prematurity. An immature hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, postnatal exhaustion of thyroid stores, non-thyroidal health problem, and administration of drugs (such as dopamine and steroids) can all lead to derangement in thyroid function in preterm newborns. Many aspects, taken together, might represent high danger conditions for thyroid problems that can impact these children in the neonatal duration as well as later on in life. Keywords: Hypothyroidism, tri-iodothyronine. Title: Delayed thyroid function in preterm infants especially in low weight birth Infants Author: Manal Salem Alsaiari, Najood Rahim Alenezi, Mariam Gryan Alenezi, Anfal Ma'di Alsha'lan, Wafa Owied al shammri, Mashael Abdulateef Mustafa, Sarah Jamal Alkhannani, Wasan lafi alanazi, Fahad Ali AlZahrani, Abdulkarem Dhahawi Alruwaili, Amjed Naeem Alrwaili, Ahmad foad ahmad basehi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals