Vol 4 Issue 2 October 2016-March 2017

Abstract: Oligodendroglial tumors are the least typical of the gliomas, accounting for 3% to 20% of all glial growths [Class III] Of these, roughly 70% are low-grade OD and 30% are AOD. This systematic review study aimed to evaluate the diagnosis approaches and differential diagnosis of oligodendroglioma and specifically anaplastic type AOD. We also aimed to discuss the treatment options of this type of brain tumors through reviewing the evidence based trails. A literature search was conducted through December 2016. The following databases were searched: PubMed (MIDLINE), Embase, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect. For each database mesh of terms were used in searching included: “glioma” or “primary brain tumor” or “brain cancer” or “malignant brain tumor” or “anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AOD)” or “AOD;” Combined with Diagnosis AND Treatment. We also search the references of every included articles to find more relevant studies discussing the same topic as our study aimed to discuss. Oligodendrogliomas are amongst the most checked out tumors of the nerve system. Despite the considerable deadly potential of these tumors, a significant number has actually been revealed to react well to treatment. The positive effect of combined early radiotherapy and PCV chemotherapy for AO and blended kinds, anaplastic oligoastrocytomas with 1p/19q co-deletion, has just recently been clearly demonstrated. An equally considerable or more positive effect of often utilized temozolomide has actually not yet been proven. Keywords: Oligodendroglial tumors, PubMed (MIDLINE), Embase, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect. Title: Diagnosis and Treatment Options of Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma Author: Afraa Salama Alenezy, Woroud Mohammed Alharthi, Eida Mohammed Alharthi, Asmaa Fawzi Hijji, Rowa Fahad Arqasous International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease with a frequency of 2-3% in Europeans, and approximately 8% in specific Nordic countries. Plaque psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris) is the most common type of psoriasis accounting for 90% of all cases, and roughly 70-80% of all patients are considered to have mild psoriasis that can be managed with topical treatment alone. This systematic review study aimed to discuss the clinical features, incidents, and treatment approaches for psoriasis worldwide, through review the literature and including most important studies that concerning psoriasis from the aspects which are mentioned previously. Comprehensive searches of Medline, Embase, Cinahl and The Cochrane Library were conducted and last updated on December 2016, restricted to articles published in English. systematic literature search was conducted according to a predefined protocol for randomized, placebo-controlled or reviews studies and Prior guidelines on psoriasis were also evaluated that were discussing the 3 aspects of our study which are, Clinical features, Epidemiology, and Treatment of psoriasis. Topical treatments are appropriate for patients who are candidates for localized therapy however might not be useful as monotherapy for many patients who are prospects for systemic and/or phototherapy, where standard systemic treatments, including methotrexate, CyA, narrowband (NB) and broadband UVB, PUVA, oral retinoids, and the newer biologic agents are recommended. Keywords: Psoriasis, patients, systematic review, Topical treatments, UVB, PUVA, oral retinoids, Title: Clinical Features, Epidemiology and Treatment Approaches of Psoriasis; Systematic Review Author: Naifah khalaf zitoon alanazi, Ruba abdulqader alrehaili, Rawan ahmed salem alnufaiee, Asrar abdullah albasi, Sarah Naif Alsayil, Atheer Thamer Alsaedi, Faris Thamer Alsaedi, Masoumah Redha Alawami, Shayan Mohammed ALraddadi, Samar ali sager alamri, Aminah Abdulghany Sabbagh International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: SCD is a quadrumvirate of pain syndromes, anemia and its sequelae, organ failure, including infection, and comorbid conditions. Pain, however, is the insignia of SCD and controls its medical image throughout the life of the patients. The purpose of our study is to examine the complications of pain in SCD and the management of pain throughout this disease, also we aimed to evaluate the different approaches of pain management through different guidelines. We have performed overview study through review the literature in pain assessment among patients with SCD, and that’s through electronic search within different databases; MIDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE, for all articles discussing this topic up to November 2016, we limited our search to those studies written in the English language, describe treatment of humans, and contain original data. Management of SCD continues to be mainly palliative in nature, including encouraging, symptomatic, and preventive methods to therapy. There are 3 significant of sickle cell pain: severe, persistent, and neuropathic pain. The severe painful episode is the insignia of the disease and the most common reason for hospitalization. Its management requires making use of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic techniques. Pain management need to follow particular concepts that include an assessment stage, treatment stage, reassessment phase, and modification phase. Keywords: MIDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE, SCD. Title: Pain Management for Patients Suffering from Sickle Cell Disease (SCD); Overview Author: Eman Ahmed Alshikh, Duaa Abdulrazaq Alshikh, Zahra Ali Alribh, Zainab Ali Ghallab, Fatimah Mohammed Alnemer International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) stays a major cause of mortality and morbidity in incredibly low birth weight (ELBW) babies and is associated with an increased danger for neurodevelopmental disability in later years. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate roles of prevention and determine the therapeutic approaches for Bronchopulmonary dysplasia among premature infants, we attended to overview the evidence based of most important studies about this topic. We conducted a search of the Cochrane database to evaluate the preventions medications and treatment for Bronchopulmonary dysplasia in newborn infants that were studied up to 2016. We used this list as MeSH terms or equivalent to compose searches of MEDLINE and EMBASE for all studies evaluating these medications and strategies for prevention bronchopulmonary dysplasia OR respiratory distress syndrome, newborn. We concluded The requirement for prolonged mechanical ventilation (more than 2 hours) may be an early marker for the advancement of BPD in preterm infants of more than 26 weeks GA. This association may assist to identify a target population with a high danger of BPD. Keywords: MEDLINE and EMBASE, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Title: Prevention and Treatment of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) in Infants; Systematic Review Author: Eman Ahmed Alshikh, Duaa Abdulrazaq Alshikh, Zahra Ali Alribh, Zainab Ali Ghallab, Fatimah Mohammed Alnemer International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Calcium is a crucial nutrient that is associated with many metabolic processes and also the phosphate salts which give mechanical rigidity to the teeth and bones. Calcium deficiency is an international trouble, especially in the aging population. Among numerous nutrients, calcium is one of minority that is still lacking in developed nations such as Japan and also lots of Western nations. Propose of current systematic review that we performed was to evaluate the impact of mainly Calcium deficiency on Oral (teeth) health and on bones growth, and since calcium always connected to vitamin D, we also discuss the impact of Vitamin D, in both manners. we conducted a systematic review study through online databases; PubMed/Medline, Lilacs, Scielo and Cochrane were used crossing the headings; "bone", "teeth, "calcium" Vitamin D"AND" "absorption, deficiency". Previous evidence that correction of Calcium and Vitamin D benefits the growth of the developing fetus bones, although further trials isolating the effects of calcium on fetal growth still need to be conducted. In aged population with calcium deficiency, sufficient calcium intake is necessary to maintain bone and teeth mass. It showed that Calcium and Vitamin D deficiency are statically significant associated with teeth loss and periodontal diseases. Evidence suggested that calcium supplement intake and sun exposure to activate vitamin D are very beneficial for the health of oral bones and to avoid any bone disease. Keywords: Calcium deficiency, Oral (teeth) health, "calcium", Vitamin D, systematic review. Title: Impacts of Vitamin D and Calcium Deficiency on Teeth Health and On Bones Growth: Systematic Review Author: Feras jamal H alwaznah, Salem ahmed alghamdi, Nabil abdallah alqarni, Ra'ad omar alhelfawi, Moatasem Mohammed Modhish, Fares jamal H alwaznah International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The development of drug-resistant pathogens is a significant obstacle for 21st century medication. Substance abuse practices strongly promoted as resistance management tools by expert bodies, public health firms. The aim of this overview was to highlight the most important aspects about antibiotics resistance and the impact of this crisis on healthcare system from general practice to dental care. also we attempted to discuss the control and management approaches of antibiotics crisis. We conducted a comprehensive review of literature concerning antibiotics resistance through electronic search in several databases; MIDLINE, EMBASE, GOOGLE Scholar, up to December 2016. We identified most important studies that discussing the impact of antibiotic resistance on healthcare and approaches to control this crisis, we limited our search to English language, we also involve animal trails in this review. Antibiotic resistance genes occurred long ago in action to naturally happening prescription antibiotics. Modern medication has actually owned even more advancement of a few of these genes. Resistance can likewise develop spontaneously by anomaly. In germs, genes can be acquired or they can be gotten from non-relatives on mobile hereditary aspects like plasmids. This horizontal gene transfer can happen in between extremely various germs. Keywords: Healthcare System, Modern Medication Antibiotics Resistance, Antibiotics Crisis. Title: Overview of Antibiotics Resistance Crisis and Its Management Author: Feras jamal H alwaznah, Ra'ad omar alhelfawi, Moatasem Mohammed Modhish, Salem ahmed alghamdi, Musaab khalil albalawi, Fares jamal H alwaznah International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The ethical issues faced by dentists in today’s dental practice have become more complex and seem to arise more often than those faced by dentists in the past. Given the current direction of health and dental care, it is essential that dental professionals understand and practice to make an ethical treatment decision. The aim of this study is to investigate the dental ethical behavior and awareness of dental interns in Saudi Arabia. Questionnaires of 13 questions were distributed to dental interns from different dental colleges in Riyadh city. Each question was in a form of a scenario explaining a daily faced problem in restorative dental practice that requires an ethical decision. The questions are including treatment alternatives, procedural mishaps, over treatments, patient education, and aesthetic procedures. Majority of dental interns' ethical decisions are satisfying the relevant ethical rules and guideline cited by national and international dental regulatory councils and organizations. Keywords: Ethical Issues, Restorative Dentistry, dental ethical behavior, Dental Treatment. Title: Ethical Issues in Restorative Dental Practice Author: Lojaen Sendy, Maram Merdad, Najd Al-Eeed, Basil Saeed, Abdulrahman Al-Shaalan, Aljowhara Al-Saadoun, Asma Al-Qarni, Dhuha Al-Muhaya International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Graves’ Disease is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid and is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism may include exophthalmos irritability, muscle weakness, palpitations, diarrhea, and weight loss The diagnosis may be suspected based on symptoms and confirmed with blood tests and radioiodin euptake. Typically blood tests show a raised T3 and T4, and serum thyroglobulin, low TSH, increased radioiodine uptake in all areas of the thyroid, and TSI antibodies. There are three treatment options: anti-thyroid medications such as methimazole, radioiodine therapy and thyroid surgery (Thyroidectomy). This review will focus on the approach to RAI therapy; discussing dose selection, patient preparation, and consideration before and after administering RAI, examining aspects of pre-treatment. Follow-up is lifelong with the aim of ensuring the patient remains euthyroid or on replacement therapy if there is evidence of hypothyroidism. Keywords: Radioactive Iodine, Graves’ disease, Thyroid, Treatment, Medical Sciences. Title: Radioiodine I-131 Therapy for Graves’ Disease Author: Moosa Jeded Alenazi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with comorbid depression is relatively common, often chronic and disabling disorder with high rates of partial and/or absent response to standard, recommended treatments. This is a report for a case of treatment-resistant OCD with comorbid depression that was successfully treated with a pharmacological combination of Quetiapine plus Lamotrigine. The patient, a 49-year-old woman, had partial response to antidepressant treatment. She was prescribed lamotrigine (up to 100 mg/day) in combination with Quetiapine ( up to 100mg/day). After three weeks of this treatment, her clinical condition remarkably improved. This case suggests some preliminary evidence that the addition of glutamatergic agent Lamotrigine in combination with Quetiapine may be useful in treatment-resistant OCD with comorbid depression. However, further studies are needed to support this finding. Keywords: OCD, depression, lamotrigine, quetiapine. Title: Combination of Lamotrigine with Quetiapine in a Case with Treatment-Resistant Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder with Comorbid Depression Author: Abdullah N. A. Al-Qifari International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Presently, there is a knowledge gap concerning the human orbitofrontal cortex and its link to the learning process. Through conducting research on the changes in the learning process after physiological increases of orbitofrontal cortex activity by nasal obstruction using odourless Vaseline, the study validates the hypothesis that the sensory properties of the orbitofrontal cortex facilitate the learning process in humans. The experiment conducted involves a control trial experiment with 40 participants. The results indicated that at the first 50 trials, the nasal obstructed participants outperformed the control group. Contrarily, there was a gradual increase in the performance of the control group. The study suggests that increased orbitofrontal cortex does facilitate learning. However, increasing its activity disrupts long-term memory as it affects encoding and consolidation of the declarative knowledge in hippocampus and related structure in the late trials. Keywords: Orbitofrontal Cortex, Gradual Increase, Physiological Increases. Title: The Possible Role of Piriform Cortex in Association with Orbitofrontal Cortex in Human Learning Author: Almaha S. Almutlaq, Nora H. Alkhatam, Amani M. El Amin International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Biological grafts are derived from human, bovine, and porcine tissue that has actually been decellularized to leave a collagen matrix. This structure serves as a regenerative structure that supports renovation and brand-new collagen deposition. Permanent synthetic meshes composed of materials such as polypropylene, polyester or expanded polytetrafluoroethylene are extensively considered as ergonomically sound and long lasting options for stomach wall restoration. The aim of this methodical evaluation was to evaluate the use of various kinds of mesh which are biological mesh and artificial mesh in hernias repair, by reviewing the proof from previous research studies showing the preferable mesh usage in different countries. A literature search of the Medline database was performed using the PubMed search engine. The electronic databases PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar were searched for potentially relevant studies by using various combinations of the search terms ‘‘Biologic mesh’’, ‘‘ventral hernia,’’ ‘‘incisional hernia,’’ ‘‘umbilical hernia,’’ and ‘‘abdominal wall reconstruction.’’ Search limitations included human studies, publication in the English language, and publication up to November 2016. Synthetic and biological meshes are widely used in surgical practice and the number of new products continues to grow. To optimize surgical outcomes, the practicing surgeon must have a thorough understanding of these products to guide proper selection and use. The heterogeneous patient population, variety of techniques employed, and large number of products available make comparisons between existing studies difficult. Keywords: Biologic mesh, bovine, and porcine tissue. Title: Efficiency of Use Biological Mesh over Synthetic Mesh in Hernias Repair; Systematic Review Author: Alhumaid, Tariq Majed A., Turki H. Alturaifi, Abdulrahman F. Alharbi, Alrawaili, Yosef Soltan H, Alruwaili, Yara Shargi K, Albanaqi, Amani Althaya F International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a intestinal disease believed to be causally related to perturbations to the intestinal microbiota. The term microbaiota describes the neighborhood of bacteria that live in a specific area of the body. This overview aimed to discuss and highlight the most recent evidence about intestinal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, through systematically reviewing articles concerning the same topic. We performed an electronic search through Medline, and Embase databases (up to November 2016) for publications, we limited our search to English language Articles, and to every study discussing Fecal bacteriotherapy, which is also called intestinal microbiota transplantation (IMT) as treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. The role of IMT has actually come a long way from its start in transfaunation, and we are simply in the dawn of realizing its full potential to treat a range of gastrointestinal disorders. Most promising is its function in CDI, which has become a life-threatening and financially crippling epidemic in healthcare worldwide. With a much better understanding of the complexities of the colonic microbiome and its role in colonic pathophysiology, IMT has the potential to become the requirement of take care of CDI treatment, and might be the potential answer to other intestinal conditions in years to come. Keywords: CDI treatment, intestinal microbiota transplantation (IMT), Embase databases. Title: Intestinal Microbiota Transplantation (IMT) For Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection (CDI) Author: Sharifah Radhi Alsammak, Fatimah Abdullah Al Zaher, Basmah Baqer Ali Alshammasi, Noor Baqer Ali Alshamase, Zahra Zaki Al Zahir International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Primary care serves as the cornerstone for developing a strong healthcare system that guarantees positive health outcomes and health equity. Therefore, our aim by this review is to highlight the efficiency and primary and secondary prevention methods in family practice, and moreover we tried to evaluate the knowledge of family physicians about these methods of prevention. Literature searches were performed in, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar, Databases for all published articles up to November 2016, we limited our search English studies only, only human trails were included, we also designed an inclusion criterion for our search which determine the studies that have to be included, and most important among those criteria is all studies discussing knowledge and preventive efficiency among family doctors, therefore all studies that evaluate the efficiency of primary and secondary prevention in family practice. We concluded that , medical care is important for building a strong health care system that ensures positive health outcomes, efficiency and performance, and health equity. It is the very first contact in a healthcare system for individuals and is identified by comprehensiveness, coordination, and longitudinality. It supplies family-focused and private and community-oriented look after avoiding, treating or easing typical health problems and impairments, and promoting health. Keywords: MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar, Databases, Family Practice. Title: Execution and Efficiency of Primary and Secondary Prevention in Family Practice: Overview Author: Alruwaili, Yara Shargi K, Alrawaili, Yosef Soltan H, Nahed Falah Alharthi, Nadia Saleh Alhassan, Alenazi, Muteb Lafi, Nawaf Farhan Alrawili, Albanaqi, Amani Althaya F, Abdullah Juayf Abdullah Alanazi, Lina Ahmed Hasan Alabyadh International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Between 49% and 90% of individuals in industrialized countries will experience a minimum of one episode of low pain in the back (LBP) throughout their lifetime. We aimed by this overview to evaluate the diagnosis and management of Low back pain in Primary care through family practice. This descriptive review summarizes current efficiency on primary care setting and about knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of Low Back Pain, treatment outcome, several studies of LBP in primary care were identified through electronic searches of Medline, Cinhahl, Embase, Psychlit, until November 2016. The search also included checking the reference lists of retrieved papers. Low back pain is very typical. When possible, the most proper diagnostic technique is to look for specific biomechanical causes and identify potential structural pain generator(s). Most signs deal with fairly immediately with little intervention, but recurrence prevails. Patient history and physical examination are very important in differentiating potential etiologies and immediately recognizing red flags representing more severe conditions, along with yellow flags that may puzzle both medical diagnosis and diagnosis. Findings need to follow known pathologic procedures. Pain that is irregular with known patterns of disease represents an important yellow flag and requires careful re-evaluation. Because of the high incidence of radiologic irregularities in asymptomatic persons, diagnostic imaging must be purchased only when really necessary. Founded gaps plainly exists amongst primary care professionals with respect to the diagnosis and treatment of LBP, particularly in the evaluation of red flag conditions, use of diagnostic imaging and recommendations given to patients concerning active treatments. Keywords: Medline, Cinhahl, Embase, Psychlit, Low back pain. Title: Overview of Optimal Diagnosis and Management of Low Back Pain in Family Practice Author: Seham saed saad alrubaie, Loaiee Faisal Ibrahim Halawani, Sami Meshal M Althobaiti, Saleh mousa saleh althagafi, Turki Muteb Saaed Alotaibi, Hassan M Almalki, Huda Daifalkareem M Alsaadi, Manal Saeed Al Bogami International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy for gastric cancer has rapidly become popular in the past decades due to its minimally invasive advantages over open gastrectomy (OG). This study was aimed to evaluate the laparoscopic procedure for gastrectomy in case of gastric cancer and compare between laparoscopic and open techniques, outcomes and efficiency and safety. A systematic search using the following keywords, “laparoscopy”, “laparoscopic”, “gastric cancer”, “gastric carcinoma” and “gastrectomy”, was performed through the following bibliographic databases, PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library, for literature comparing Laparoscopy gastrectomy (LG), published up to 2016, and we broadened the search range by browsing the related summary, methods and references of retrieved articles. LG is a safe, feasible method for patients with gastric cancer. The results of LG were favorable in regards to much better cosmetics, less blood loss and faster recovery. Keywords: Laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LG), “gastric cancer”, “gastric carcinoma” and “gastrectomy”. Title: Laparoscopic Intervention for Gastrectomy in Case of Gastric Cancer: Systematic Review Author: Mohammed Jalawi M karkaman, Awdah Abdulrahman Alkhathami, AbdulRahman Omar Hakami, Abdulrahman Jalwi M. Korkoman International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals