Vol 4 Issue 2 October 2016-March 2017

Abstract: The occurrence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) has actually increased over the previous years and it is presumed to be among the leading reasons for idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in adult patients. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the progress related to treatment techniques in adult FSGS over the past twenty years and evaluate the updated treatments stratgyies which are offered. as well as to disucss the updates on pathogenesis of FSGS. We performed a systematic review of English-language short articles through MEDLINE and PreMedline, and to evaluate literature-based publications over the last two decades, the MEDLINE database search was limited to a period ranging from January 1980 to November 2016. The search was conducted utilizing the keywords "focal segmental glomerulosclerosis" AND "treatment", Pathogenesis. Restricting the time frame to the last 20 years would enable access to a majority of recognized manuscripts. Recent studies recommend that primary FSGS might be brought on by plasma-borne aspects that increase glomerular permeability to albumin. Treatment with plasma exchange ended up being a rational action when a number of subtypes of FSGS were discovered to repeat in allograft-transplanted kidneys, and with the discovery of prospective pathological distributing aspects. Plasma exchange changes the patient's blood plasma with a donor plasma item, eliminating prospective pathological aspects from the patient's blood circulation, and has actually shown reliable for dealing with intense autoimmune conditions such as Guillain-Barre syndrome and persistent conditions such as myasthenia gravis. Keywords: MEDLINE and PreMedline, “focal segmental glomerulosclerosis" AND "treatment", Pathogenesis. Title: Updated Overview on Pathogenesis and Treatment Approaches of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Author: Raad Yousef Abdulaziz Altalhi, Mohammed Hassan Saeed Baali, Abdullah Ahmed Hassan Almalki, Abdulrahman Helal Safer Alzaidi, Saif Khalid D Altalhi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Glaucoma is a disease where the pressure of eye ends up being high damaging the nerve fibers of the optic nerve. In some patients even regular or low eye pressure can cause damage to the nerve. This study aimed to solve the clinical problem of diagnosing and following up glaucoma patients when they have opacities in ocular media obscuring visualization of optic disc and preventing the visual fields analysis. we conducted this overview to summarized the evidence based on this sonography uses in case of Glaucoma to evaluate the optic cupping disc, we performed an electronic search through specific databases such, PubMed (MEDLINE) and Ovid EMBASE, up to November 2016, we limited our search on English language published studies, and all studies discussing any kind of sonography assessment in optic disc cupping in case of Glaucoma. Optic disc cupping (ODC) is a consequence of glocoma. Cupping can be seen with neurological processes, including benign growths, which are treatable. Patient histories, and sonographic assessment, are the key to diagnosis of glaucomatous versus nonglaucomatous ODC. Ultrasonography revealed a considerable discrepancy in between the results of the approaches of ODC evaluation in Glaucoma condition. Keywords: Glaucoma, glaucomatous versus nonglaucomatous ODC, MEDLINE. Title: Sonographic Assessment of Optic Disc Cupping in Glaucoma, Overview Author: Mashael Abdulateef Mustafa, Alajmi Refan Naji D, Mohammed Foad Ahmed Basehi, Mahroos Mohammed Essam A, Otaif Wael Ali Mohammed, Ebtihal Hadi Ahmad Tairan, Muath Hassan Ibrahim Najmi, Ahmed Abdullah Ahmed Hakami, Khalid Haji Mohammad Amin, Maryam Mohammed Alkhaldi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The association between gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GORD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation has so far remained unclear. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: To Study the prevalence of GERD in COPD patients (in western part of UP). To analyze the association of GERD and stage of COPD. Methods: A total of 100 patients of diagnosed COPD as defined by GOLD guidelines were taken. Symptoms of GERD was evaluated by taking a proper history and the patients who were having the symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation were underwent for UGI endoscopy and graded accordingly. Inclusion criteria was -Age >30 year, Stable COPD patients and Exclusion criteria was Respiratory disorder other than COPD, Known esophageal disease such as cancer, achalasia, stricture, Patient with ALD, CKD and ASCITES, Recent history of MI or STROKE, Acute cardio-respiratory failure. Statistical analysis was performed for categorical data and the independent t test for interval data. RESULT: There are (54)% patients who have symptoms of GERD present and they underwent UGI endoscopy to look for presence of inflammation, erosions or ulcerations. Stage 1 COPD have 15 patients in which symptoms of GERD were absent and 1 had symptoms, which is of Grade A, and in Stage 2 COPD have 10 patients in which symptoms of GERD were present, out of which 9 were from Grade B and 1 from Grade A and in Stage 3 COPD have 9 patients in which symptoms of GERD were absent and 43 had symptoms, out of which 5 were from Grade-A 24 were from Grade B and 14 were from Grade C. Conclusion: Reveals much high association between the COPD and GERD, and more the stage of COPD higher the chance of GERD. Keywords: COPD Patients, gastro-esophageal reflux disease GERD. Title: Study of Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease in COPD Patients Author: Dr. P. K. Gupta, Dr. Vinod Kumar Tyagi, Dr. Mohit, Dr. S.K. Virmani, Dr. Abhishek Gupta International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is among the serious health problems specifically in less than 5 years of age needing hospitalisation and attributes to 30 % of deaths yearly worldwide especially due to pneumonia as the leading cause. LRTI is infection listed below the level of the throat and might be taken to include: Bronchiolitis, Bronchitis, Pneumonia and empyema. This review aims to evaluate the incident and effect of Hyponatremia among children with LRTI, and to highlight the more important aspect in this subject. We conducted a comprehensive review through electronic search among two databases which are; PubMed (MIDLINE), and EMBASE, for all studies evaluating hyponatremia in children with lower respiratory tract infection, we limited our search to English language articles, we use following terms in our identified search; lower respiratory tract infection, OR pneumonia, OR bronchiolitis OR acute respiratory syndrome, combined with Children, AND Neonatal. we excluded all studies that involving patients older than 17 years old. We concluded that hyponatremia is common amongst children hospitalized with lower breathing tract infections. Every year Acute respiratory infections in young kids is responsible for a quote 3.9 million deaths worldwide. Hyponatremia was typically due to Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti Diuretic Hormone secretion (SIADH). Presence of hyponatremia substantially increases the morbidity and mortality amongst kids with lower respiratory system infections. Keywords: (MIDLINE), and EMBASE, Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti Diuretic Hormone secretion (SIADH). Title: Hyponatremia in Children with Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: Overview Author: Alkahtani Hassan Nasser, Alshehri Abdulaziz Abdullah, Alshahrani Abdullah Saad, Alshahrani Mohammed Shari, Alqahtani Abdullah Saif International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: With the advent of spectrophotometry, the chore of selecting the shade of a tooth became extremely easy. However, every new advent in technology comes with a high price. The question then arises as to whether the conventional method was inaccurate and definitely needed replacement. This study was carried out with the aim of assessing the reliability of the conventional shade selection techniques and to see whether spectrophotometers are a must in dental practice. The study was conducted in two main steps. The objective method of shade selection using a spectrophotometer and the subject method using two commercially available shade guides. For the subjective method 150 participants were selected with no bias towards gender or level of experience. Participants were subjected to a color training program to check for their visual acuity. They were then asked to choose the shades of four preselected shade tabs using both the VITA Classical® and VITA 3D Master® shade guides. Data was statistically analyzed using IBM-SPSS (Version 22) The objective method showed the best accuracy with a 100% accuracy rate. Chromatic perception disability played a role in the accuracy of subjective methods of shade selection. Participants proved to be more accurate with VITA Classical® shade guide over the VITA 3D Master® shade guide. Experience proved to be a factor in accuracy of shade matching while using VITA 3D Master® shade guide. Subjective methods of shade selection is influenced by the chromatic perception disability and especially showed significance (p=0.000) for the VITA Classical® shade guide. Accuracy levels with VITA Classical® varied with experience seen as Students 82.4%, General Practitioners 50% and Specialists 90%. VITA 3D Master® was seen to be accurate more with General Practitioners (66.7%) and Specialists (40%) than with Students (17.6%). Keywords: Subjective and Objective Methods, Shade Selection. Title: Subjective and Objective Methods of Shade Selection - A Comparative Study Author: Majdi Abu Ramadan, Ahmed Magdy kandil, Omar Al Qurashi, Abdulmohsen Al Ahmed, Dr. Rohit Fernandez, Dr. Elfatih Eisa International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Obesity was defined as a stat of abnormal and excessive lipid accumulation in adipose tissue with adversely affected on the health. Overabundance bodyweight is the sixth most critical hazard calculate adding to the general weight of diseases around the world. Because of metabolic complications that associated with obesity the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus type 2 increased. Obesity is a multifactorial condition affected by numerous factors, including hereditary, and lifestyle factors including stationary practices, physical dormancy and unfortunate dietary decisions. Undergrads are exceptionally presented to unfortunate dietary patterns prompting to increase the body weight. Objective:To study the prevelenve of obesity and overweight among students in king faisal uneversiy and its relation with lifestyle and diet habits. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 samples of students in King Faisal University in Ahsa, eastern Saudi Arabia in 2016. Self-administrated questionnaire containing many questions about diet habit and lifestyle in addition to demographic data was made and completed by each participant. BMI (body mass index) has been calculated. Results: out of 290 participants who participated in the study. 18.6 % and 23.4% are overweight and obese respectively. 53.8% have irregular weight. 59% spend more than 3 three hours daily in sedentary lifestyle. 70.7% didn’t underwent any exercise in last three months consistently. 49% rarely Getting around on foot or bicycle. 67.9% have irregular meal. Only 31% eat breakfast daily. 50.7%, 53.4%, 42.4% eat and drink fast food, soft drinks and sweet diet once weekly respectively. 57.9% eat late at night. 17.9% and 19% eat vegetables and fruit daily respectively.77.9% never smock. Conclusion: In general, sedentary life style is widely prevalent among students in king Feisal university. There is an obvious relation between increasing BMI and life style and eating habit. Increasing the awareness among students about appropriate lifestyle and diet habit is highly recommended to decrease the incidence of obesity. Keywords: Obesity; Overweight; Lifestyle; dietry habits. Title: Lifestyle Factors and Eating Habits Associated With Overweight and Obesity Among Male and Female Students At KFU Author: Sayed Ibrahim Ali, Abdulmohsen A. AlJaziri, Zainab A. Aljassim, Salman J.AlShehab, Ali A.AlAmer, Mahdi H.AlSowilem, Mohammed M.AlMohanna International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) consists of the constellation of numerous metabolic abnormalities that have actually been associated with cardiovascular disease, stroke, and all-cause death in the general population. The aim of this review was to address the different approaches to diagnosis of metabolic syndrome and the treatment of MetS its complications and through summarizing the most evidence based that were discussed in previous studies. A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar to search for diagnosis and management of metabolic syndrome. searched included ‘metabolic syndrome’, ‘impaired glucose tolerance’, ‘type 2 diabetes’, ‘obesity’, ‘blood pressure’ and ‘lipids’. The reference lists from original and review articles were also reviewed to identify other relevant studies. Metabolic syndrome is a condition with hereditary and obtained etiologies that leads to CVD problems in populations throughout the world, however specifically in the West Virginian population offered the rates of diabetes, high blood pressure, and weight problems. Developing a panel of biomarkers with a foreseeable and recognized association with metabolic syndrome can offer a method to spot those at risk and step in as required. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Title: Overview of Diagnosis and Management Strategies of Metabolic Syndrome Author: Sultan Suliman Alshen, Sindi, Sultan Ali A, Saleh S Al-Senani, Sultan Mohammed A. Saleh, Abduirhman Abdullah O Alharbi, Ahmed Labib M Almanzalawi, Faisal Awad S Rafie International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Low back pain (LBP) is a typical issue including the spinal vertebrae and back muscles. LBP might be categorized into severe (0-6 weeks), subacute (6-12 weeks), and persistent (> 12 weeks) based upon the period of disease. The aim of this study was to answer if MRI modality technique able to detect the different pathological causes of Lower Back Pain (LBP). Furthermore, we wanted to evaluate the efficiency of MRI as a diagnostic procedure that could solve many unknown causes behind persistent LBP. We performed a comprehensive search for articles describing relevant imaging findings by using MEDLINE and EMBASE. To identify studies on MRI modality imaging of diagnosis of lower back pain disorders, we searched 3 databases through October 2016: Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, and the Web of Science. Ovid MEDLINE and Ovid EMBASE use controlled vocabulary. EMBASE was searched from 1988 to 2016; and MEDLINE was searched from 1946 to 2016. MRI is the basic imaging method for spotting disc pathology due to its benefit of absence of radiation, multiplanar imaging ability, exceptional back soft-tissue contrast and exact localization of intervertebral discs changes.Lumbar disc degeneration is the most typical reason for low neck and back pain. Males are more regularly impacted to the disc degeneration than ladies. Numerous levels of the disc participation are seen per individual. Annular disc tear, disc herniation, disc extrusion, constricting of back canal, constricting of lateral recess, compression of neural foramen, facetal arthropathy and ligamentum flavum thickening prevails, disc participation and spondylolisthesis are less typical. Keywords: Ovid MEDLINE, Low back pain (LBP), EMBASE. Title: MRI as an Imaging Modality in Detection of Pathologies Causing Low Back Pain Author: Abdulrahman Mazki J Alanazi, Abdulrhaman Furaih Alharbi, Humoud Owaidh Almutairi, Yasser Saleh A Alduribi, Rami M. Sharahili, Faisal Mohammed Gasmi, Khalid Mohammed Qamous International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis and other allergic diseases has increased globally, and the geographical prevalence rates vary. Objective: This study was designed to identify the prevalence of allergic rhinitis symptoms among school age children in Jazan Region Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among children from elementary and intermediate schools in Jazan region. The study used the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC) questionnaire. Result: The number of students studied was 1152 the boys were 591 (57.3%) and the girls were 441 (42.7%). The symptoms suggestive of ever-having had AR were common, affecting 25.7% of children overall, with an estimated 19.3% experiencing symptoms of sneezing in the last 12 months. The prevalence of children with parental reports of ever having a clinician diagnosis of allergic rhinitis was 13.1% overall. The prevalence and frequency of symptoms according to the seasons (winter, summer, spring and autumn) was 140 (13.6%), 224 (21.7%), 99 (9.6%) and 37 (3.6%) respectively. The frequency symptoms may involved the nose only, eye only or both was 130 (12.6%), 107 (10.4%) and 108 (10.5%) respectively. According to the severity of symptoms 131 (12.7%) students had nose problem interfere with their daily activities in the last 12 months. Conclusion: This study found the prevalence of AR among school age children in Jazan was 25.7%, although it is within range of reported prevalence rates from various parts of the world. Only 24.5% of those with AR-related symptoms were confirmed by doctors, they do not consider AR as a disease. Keywords: prevalence, allergic rhinitis, ISAAC, Jazan region. Title: Epidemiology of Allergic Rhinitis among Children in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia Author: Abu Obaida Yassin International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an auto-immune inflammatory illness credited to environmental and genetic factors causing the dysfunction of T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells and the production of antinuclear autoantibodies that affects multiple systems of the body. This study was aimed to overview the prevalence and characteristics and therapeutic management of the Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched on 29 November 2016, using search terms (Medical Subject Heading [MeSH], EMTREE, and/or free text) from three categories: 1) systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus erythematosus, systemic, systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus, SLE); 2) prevalence, disease characteristics, management, and outcomes (characteristic*, disease attributes, flare*, guideline*, health care need, health planning guidelines, health services needs and demand, management, mortality, needs assessment, patient care, practice guideline, prevalence, population characteristics, quality of life, recommendation*, remission, remission induction, therap*, and treatment. The pathogenesis of SLE is Numerous genes provide vulnerability to disease development. Interaction of sex, hormonal milieu, the HPA axis, and malfunctioning immune guideline, such as clearance of immune complexes and apoptotic cells, modify this vulnerability. The loss of immune tolerance, increased antigenic load, excess T cell aid, defective B cell suppression, and moving of Th1 to Th2 immune responses cause cytokine imbalance, B cell hyperactivity, and the production of pathogenic autoantibodies. Lupus continues to present many unanswered questions. Keywords: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Title: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), prevalence, disease characteristics and treatment options: Systematic review Author: Ammar Mohammed Afif Alhaqli, Mahmood Abdullrahman Najmi, Ammar yasser shanou , Mohammed Salem A Alqurashi, Abdulrahman Ali J Walibi, Arwa meshal alshaikh, Jumana ahmed jabber, Abdolmalek mohammad alghamdi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Acute leukemia is the most common malignant disease in childhood accounting for one third of the cancers among children. Intussusception has been described as a complication of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We report here a one year and 11 months old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed double jejuno-jejunal intussusception during induction chemotherapy. Intussusception should be considered in any pediatric patient with ALL and acute abdomen. Keywords: intussusception, ALL, chemotherapy, jejuno-jejunal, vincristine. Title: Two Positions of Jejuno-jejunal Intussusception in Child with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia – A Case Report Author: Housam Almadani, Atrab Bayazeed, Ebtehal Matar, Ashwag Algethami International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: GERD is the most typical disease come across by the gastroenterologist with a 20% occurrence in the adult population. It has actually been categorized as the presence of reflux symptoms without erosions on endoscopic assessment, i.e., nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) or reflux signs with mucosal breaks at endoscopic assessment, i.e., erosive reflux disease (ERD).The aims of this study is evaluating the efficacy, safety and outcome of laparoscopic surgery for GERD in comparison with open surgery, and also determine the risk factors which influence the outcome to identify those patients that are not good candidates for laparoscopic approach. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library database for articles published up to year of 2016 which compared Laparoscopic Nissen with open surgical procedure for GERD. For the first search, text key words were “laparoscopy” or “laparoscopic Nissen” and “Open anti-reflux surgery” or “fundoplication.” The results of this search were combined with the results of a subsequent search using terms “gastroesophageal reflux” or “GERD.” The laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is the basic operation for the surgical treatment of GERD. Partial fundoplications can likewise be performed, especially in cases of underlying esophageal motility conditions, however it has actually been displayed in some research studies to have a greater recurrence rate than the Nissen fundoplication. Other strategies consist of gastrojejunal feeding, gastrostomy, and overall esophagogastric dissociation and have appealing early results in kids. Straightforward postoperative look after fundoplications include early development of diet plan to liquids then pureed and outpatient documents of resolution of signs. Keywords: Laparoscopic Nissen, gastroesophageal. Title: Laparoscopic Nissen or open technique in gastroesophageal reflux disease management; Systematic Review Author: Salem Hisham S , Jobah, Ahmad Mohammad alghamd, Asa abdullah saleh alghamdi, Mohammad omar alammari, Anas Ahmed Sulieman Ali, Dana Abdulrahman Nadif, Wafaa abdalkareem metwly abdalghafar, Wejdan Abdullah AlGarni International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The use of temporary distraction rod technique for correction of severe thoracolumbar scoliosis is gaining popularity. It is a good alternative to Halo traction as it is directly applied to the spine, giving more correction force when compared to Halo traction. It also obviates the need for anterior release. Temporary distraction rod technique is indicated in severe thoracolumbar deformities, including severe pelvic obliquity. Once the patient gets to the operating room, assembly of the neuromonitoring pads and hooks for Somato-Sensory Evoked Potential (SSEP) and Motor Evoked Potential (MEP) is done. Cefuroxime and Vancomycin are used as antibiotic prophylaxis to cover staph-aurous, staph-epidermedis as well as gram-negative bacteria. Tranexemic acid is used for bleeding prophylaxis. Infusion starts with anesthesia induction with 100 mg/kg as a loading dose, followed by 10 mg/kg/hour for maintenance during surgery (3). Case: 1 18 years female with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) Lenke type 4 (4). Cobb’s angle of the main thoracic curve measures 120 degrees. MRI was negative. Case: 2 17 years female with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), Lenke type 4. Cobb’s angle of the main thoracic curve measures 140 degrees. MRI was negative. Keywords: Staged Posterior Correction, Somato-Sensory Evoked Potential (SSEP), Motor Evoked Potential (MEP). Title: Case series: Staged Posterior Correction for Severe Thoracolumbar Scoliosis Using Temporary Distraction Rod Technique Author: Fahad Al Mulhim International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The aim: Describing hospital epidemiological finding, clinical, laboratory results and outcome focus on renal complications of the patients diagnosed with leptospirosis.. Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by spirochete genus Leptospira. Its clinical symptoms range from mild, self-limited disease to life threatening complications such as acute kidney injury, liver failure and bleeding. Materials and methods: 119 consecutive patients enrolled in the study from 2010-2015. They were admitted at Infection Diseases Department and Nephrology Department of U.H.C: Mother Teresa” in Tirana. Data are collected retrospectively from patient charts. Statistical analysis was performed using Medcalc 14.8.1 and IBM SPSS 20. Leptospirosis infection was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: There was a total of 119 patients diagnosed with the condition from 2010-2015. 8% were female, 92% male. Age ranged from 15 to 78, mean 48.2 ± 15.4. 51 % developed AKIN III, 48 % F stage according to RIFLE. Mean length of stay was 14.1±7.4 days. Mortality was 8.4 % (10 patients) in our cohort. The number of cases peaked in June through the study years. Conclusion: Leptospirosis is a zoonosis with a clinical picture ranging from mild to severe. Severe cases are associated with high mortality in the Albanian population. AKI is a frequent complication of leptospirosis in our study cohort. Multidisciplinary approach and timely intervention may help prevent complications and reduce mortality. Keywords: leptospirosis, AKI, Albania. Title: Leptospirosis, Focus on Related Acute Kidney Injury among Albania Patients Author: Rista Elvana, Pilaca Arben, Akshija Ilir, Harxhi Arian, Harja Endri, Kraja Dhimiter, Puca Edmond, Dyrmishi Blertina, Cadri Vilma, Duraku Ahmet, Thereska Nestor International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the disabling chronic diseases affecting adults. It is associated with demyelination, inflammation, and neurodegeneration within the central nervous system. Methods: A descriptive case series study was conducted during World MS Day 2015. Information was collected by using self-administered questionnaire among MS patients, in 3 cities of Saudi Arabia. Result: The study comprised a total of 436 MS patients. 70% of total participants were females, with age mean 30 year, diagnosis was varying between 1 years and 7 years, and 32% of participants were diagnosed in third year after initial symptoms of multiple sclerosis. Conclusion: There is Delay in MS diagnosis among MS patients, a further study to explain the reasons for this delay is highly suggested. Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, neurodegeneration. Title: Delay in the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis Author: Osama Al Wutayd International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals