Vol 4 Issue 2 October 2016-March 2017

Abstract: An antibiotic is a drug that kills or slows the growth of bacteria. Antibiotics have wide variety of uses but still their misuse can lead to resistance towards wide range of pathogens and bacteria. This may lead to face new set of threats to public health so the rational prescription of antibiotics has become a central focus of professional and public health measures to fight the spread of resistant organisms. Objective: The study conductedto assess the awareness of Jazan University students about antibiotics use by evaluation of prevalence of antibiotic use with common colds. Method: A cross sectional study conduct in Jazan University conducted in medical and non-medical, all student males and females are included. The Sample size was 440 and the data collected by the non-structure self-admitted questionnaire and analyzed in SPSS program. Result: The number of students studied was 440 the males was 49. 8% and the females was 50. 2%. thepercent of medical students 50. 2% and the percent of non-medical students 49. 8%. the study showed there is significant difference in antibiotic use with common cold between medical and non-medical students 48. 9%, 59. 4% respectively. The major causes for this use is common cold by 56. 4 % among other causes. Conclusion: This study found antibiotic use with common cold is high among Jazan University student. There is no different in gender, social status and residence in antibiotic missus on other ways the effect of education leading to different between medical and non-medical student. Keywords: Antibiotics, misuse, Resistance; Prescription. Title: Prevalence of Antibiotic Misuse among Jazan University Students Author: Abu Obaida Yassin, Nouf Al-Essa, Rafan Madkor, Amany Mashi, Tahani jubaili, Arwa Abutaleb, Rbuoah Ayashi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Schwannomas are solitary benign and slowly growing tumors arising from nerve sheath. Approximately 25-40% of all schwannomas occur in the head and neck region[1]. The vestibular nerve is the most frequent site involved. According to literature, other locations include the scalp, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, parotid gland, middle ear and sinonasal tract[1,2] . Schwannomas of the sinonasal tract represents less than 4% of the schwannomas of the head and neck[3] . Sinonasal schwannomas affects equally males and females and the age ranges from 12 to 76 years, with most cases occurring between ages 25 and 55 years.[4] Keywords: Schwannoma, Angiofibroma, Nasopharynx , Nasal Obstruction , Epistaxis. Title: Schwannoma of the Sinonasal Tract Clinically Presented As a Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma Author: Khalid A. AlYahya, Ahmed Zekri Abouzid, Fahad A. AlSaab International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: High blood pressure is usually identified and handled in the outpatient setting and is among the most typical needs to check out a family doctor. This review was aimed to evaluate and discuss the challenges facing family practice in management of hypertension, through demonstrating different studies from different countries concerning this topic. Three electronic databases (Medline, Embase and HealthStar) were searched by using the following Mesh headings: Family Practice or General Practice, and Quality of Health Care, Hypertension, high blood pressure, Clinical Competence, Guideline Adherence, Healthcare Peer Review. The search was limited to English language journals and to the period from 1990 to 2016. The titles and abstracts of all papers identified by the electronic search were inspected by Authors. This review indicate that some of family physicians in primary health care lack detailed knowledge about guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension, many problems facing the primary care physicians in the implementation of guidelines. Therefore strategies to improve patient medication compliance and persistence are needed. Whether audit and feedback or more self-reflection on hypertension management by physicians will lead to further improvements warrants investigation. Keywords: family practice, management of hypertension. Title: Current Challenges in Family Practice for the Management of Hypertension: Systematic Review Author: Munira Abdullah AlHashim International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO), or more accurately thyroidassociated ophthalmopathy, is a typical reason for morbidity and pain in patients with Graves' disease. Around 20-25% of patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism have medically evident GO at the time of diagnosis. We conducted our systematic review study by searching electronic database such as PubMed,Cochrane Library for the term: Graves ophthalmopathy or Graves orbitopathy, pathogensis and similar, crossed with specific treatment regimens and Cochrane highly sensitive search strategy for RCTs and reviews. We scanned references of all included trials and reviews identified for additional studies. Study selection We included all RCTs comparing treatment modalities for GO with placebo, no-intervention, or other treatment modalities. Existing proof shows the effectiveness of iv corticosteroids in reducing CAS in patients with moderate to serious GO. Intravenous pulse corticosteroids have a statistically substantial however small benefit compared to oral corticosteroids and triggers substantially less negative occasions. This treatment is restricted by expense and threat for unusual extreme unfavorable occasions. Keywords: Graves Ophthalmopathy, Pathogenesis. Title: Pathogenesis and treatment approaches of Graves Ophthalmopathy: Systematic review Author: Yasir wadi alanazi, Bassam wadi alanazi, Rawan wadi alenazi, Raed Khalid raja alanazi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common continual arrhythmia in human beings, triggering an increasing variety of deaths and problems. Electrocardiogram (ECG)-based studies recommend that ∼ 1% of the overall population is impacted. This systematic review aimed to describes the published evidence for the pathomechanisms, classification and management of atrial fibrillation (AF) and its consequences. A comprehensive structured literature search was performed using MEDLINE for studies published through October, 2016, that reported on Atrial Fibrilation pathomechanisms , conceqences, classification and treatment . The search terms included each of the following terms individually and in combination: atrial fibrillation, ,classification, treatment . AF is a progressively common and typical arrhythmia that is connected with considerable morbidity and death. Since of the restricted effectiveness of catheter based treatments, specifically for patients with relentless AF, and the considerable morbidity and death connected with surgery for the arrhythmia, medicinal treatment stays the pillar of treatment for most of patients. The optimal treatment technique for patients with consistent AF stays questionable, with some clinicians favouring rhythm control and others rate control. Keywords: Atrial Fibrillation, Electrocardiogram, Pathophysiological mechanisms. Title: Pathophysiological mechanisms and Classification of Atrial Fibrillation Author: Abdullah Saad ALAsmari, ALASMARI, MESHAL ALI S, ASIRI SAAD ALI M, ALSHAHRANI MOHAMMED SALEH, Ibrahim Abdulaziz Turki International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease brought on by thyroid-receptor antibodies that trigger the thyrotrophin receptor, causing stimulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate synthesis and production of thyroid hormonal agents in the follicular cells. The aim of this review is to show the current approach to diagnosis and therapy of Graves’ disease, particularly putting the particular emphasis on paying attention to the methods used in nuclear medicine. Systematic review of the literature was performed to examine contemporary literature up to October 2016 evaluating the diagnosis and management approaches of GD. Studies were identified by two methods: 1) PubMed search using (‘‘graves’ disease’’ [MeSH Major Topic] and ‘‘diagnosis and treatment’’[MeSH Terms] OR ‘‘graves’ disease’’[MeSH Major Topic] and ‘‘thyroidectomy managment’’[MeSH Terms]); and 2) a manual review of the bibliographies of each article obtained from the PubMed search. GD is a typical condition whose management typically presents complicated obstacles. A 12-18-month course of thionamide treatment is normally first-line treatment in Australia and the UK, with regression treated with RAI or overall thryoidectomy. Keywords: Graves’ disease, thyroidectomy. Title: Diagnosis and roles of Treatment for Graves’ disease: Systematic review Author: Abdullah hamed algethami, Abdulateef ibrahim alsulaimany, Turki Sulaiman Alghuraybi,Faisal Abdullah Habib, Ibrahim Abdulaziz Turki International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The main objective of conducting this review was to obtain difference in between two important procedures in treatment of AAA and evaluate the procedures EVAR and OSR in different aspect such as mortality rate and suitability of patients and complication that follows each procedure. we conducted a systematic review of all published triales throughdifferent database such MEDLINE (pubmed) and EMBASE. The following search terms strategies were used on each database:‘Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and open procedure and endovascular’. search was sequentially performed using the following keywords and phrases: “open” vs. “endovascular aneurysm repair”. AAA are connected with significant morbidity, death and health-care expenses. Patients with AAA <5.5 cm have a yearly threat of rupture of around 1 percent. For AAA <5.5 cm in size top quality RCT outcomes show that active monitoring with ultrasound and postponed OSR (if AAA obtains a size of ≥ 5.5 cm or the patient establishes aneurysm associated signs) leads to similar long-lasting survival and lifestyle, less OSR, and lower expenses than instant OSR no matter age or gender. Many formerly released research studies of OSRs of AAA done by cosmetic surgeons and healthcare facilities recommend that there is an inverted relationship in between volume and short-term death. Keywords: EVAR and OSR, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Title: Overview of Endovascular and Open Surgical Techniques for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Repair Author: Abdullah Hamed Algethami, Turki Sulaiman Alghuraybi, Hussam Abdulrazaq Alnemari, Abdulateef Ibrahim Alsulaimany, Mohammed Sameer Aljehani, Meshari Abed Algethami International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The original concept of the modern reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RtSA) for eccentric shoulder ostheoarthritis (OA) was very first explained by Grammont et al. in 1993. The literature search was based on the PubMed database from 1985 to June 2012. The authors are not aware of any relevant publication related to RSA before 1985, so the search was limited to this period. The keywords and search strategy employed in this study included the following: (Reverse OR inverse) AND shoulder AND (arthroplasty OR replacement OR prosthesis), limited to human studies published in the above-mentioned period. Complementary databases were used to avoid missing an important article for this study. Most of the studies did not reveal the results depending upon the signs for surgery, so this specification needed to be thought about independently to prevent a considerable reduction in the variety of research studies consisted of in the contrasts of results. Therefore, just the kind of prosthesis and kind of method might be examined completely. Second, as nearly all consisted of research studies were case series, the contrast of results depending upon the kind of prosthesis, method, and an indicator was indirect in nature with a higher possible impact of unchecked variables. Third, the impact of a number of aspects possibly affecting the results might not be evaluated due to the fact that of minimal info, heterogeneity of research studies, and small number of research studies consisted of for some contrasts (which would reduce much more the readily available information if more subgroups were done). Keywords: Reverse OR inverse, arthroplasty OR replacement OR prosthesis, Complementary databases. Title: Systematic Review of Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (RtSA), Indication and Complication Author: Mohammed Sameer Aljohani, Abdulkareem Ghasan Niyazi, Rougaih Abdullah Habib International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is one of the most typical illness in early youth. OME is characterised by a build-up of fluid in the center ear behind an undamaged tympanic membrane, without the signs or indications of intense infection. This systematic review aimed to discuss and summarize the evidence of the different treatment approaches of Otitis media with effusion (OME). We conducted systematic searches for randomised controlled trials. With no language limit, publication year or publication status restrictions from 1980 up to October 2016. The outcomes of our review do not support the regular usage of prescription antibiotics for children as much as 18 years with otitis media with effusion. The biggest impacts of prescription antibiotics were seen in children dealt with constantly for 4 weeks and 3 months. Even when clear and pertinent advantages of prescription antibiotics have actually been shown, these should be stabilized versus the possible unfavorable results when making treatment choices. Immediate negative results of prescription antibiotics prevail and the development of bacterial resistance has actually been causally connected to the extensive usage of prescription antibiotics for typical conditions such as otitis media. though some research studies revealed total resolution of otitis media with effusion (OME) at 2 to 3 monthsTopical intranasal steroids might be much safer than systemic preparations due to the fact that the glucocorticoid is quickly deteriorated in the nasal mucosa to less active metabolites and any the same drug that is taken in is metabolized in the very first travel through the liver. Keywords: Otitis media with effusion (OME), different treatment approaches. Title: Roles of Treatment Approaches of Otitis Media with Effusion: Systematic Review Author: Meshari Abed Algethami, Abdullah Mesfer Abdullah Alotipi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Sickle-cell disease is a multisystem disease, associated with episodes of intense disease and progressive organ damage, and is among the most typical serious monogenic conditions around the world. We searched Medline, Embase, and Google scholar for Literature about SCD through 2016, for English, using key words included individual use or a combination of the following: “Hydroxyurea or HU or hydroxycarbamide”, “Foetal hemoglobin or HbF or gamma globin”, “hemoglobin-induction”, “Sickle Cell disease”, “SCD treatment” primary publications that described treatment in humans. The majority of people with sickle-cell disease reside in Africa, where little is understood about this disease; nevertheless, we do understand that the condition follows a more extreme medical course in Africa than for the remainder of the world which transmittable illness have a function in triggering this increased seriousness of sickle-cell disease. Hydroxyurea (HU) treatment has actually shown success in numerous settings, both in children and grownups with SCD. hydroxyurea is the only easily offered representative that enhances both scientific and hematologic outcomes. It’s understood and possible toxicities must be interpreted in this context, due to the fact that it is suggested for dealing with a disease with incredible morbidity and early death. Keywords: Sickle Cell disease”, “SCD treatment, Hydroxyurea or HU or hydroxycarbamide. Title: Overview of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and the Efficiently of Hydroxyurea for Treating Patients with Sickle Cell Author: FAISAL ABDULLAH HABIB, ALSHAHRANI, MOHAMMED SALEH M, ABDULLAH SAAD ALASMARI, ALASMARI, MESHAL ALI S, ASIRI, SAAD ALI M International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Objectives: To determine the various forms of congenital heart diseases and to study the distribution of age and sex of affected children. Method: A Retrospective descriptive study were the information about the patients obtained from medical records for children up to 15 years referred to Hadhramout Medical Board for treatment abroad in Ibn–Sina Teaching Hospital during the period from January 2011 to December 2011. Results: of studied files, 152 were males (63%) and 90 females (37%). The frequency of various forms of congenital heart diseases were as follow: Ventricular Septal Defect(VSD) with percentage 32.6%, Tetralogy of Fallot(TOF) 24.8%, Patent Ductus Arteriosus(PDA)13.2%, Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)11.2%, Pulmonary Stenosis 6.6%, . Conclusion: Tetralogy of Fallot represented the commonest cyanotic lesions and Ventricular Septal Defect the commonest non-cyanotic lesions. These results were consistent with the previous reported from other parts of the world. Early detection of congenital heart disease is of utmost importance for proper management in order to avoid the serious complications. Keywords: Echocardiogram (ECHO), Patent Ductus Arteriosus(PDA), Ventricular Septal Defect(VSD). Title: Patterns of Congenital Heart Diseases based on Echocardiogram (ECHO) Appearance Author: Mohammed Ahmed Khamis Omar, Saleh Mubarak Bin Al Shaibah, Saleh Menwer Ali, Mohamed Masoud Mansour, Sarah Mazher Banhaidara, Bayan Ali Alsaffar, Khalil Ibrahim Al-Rajjal, Abduljalil khalilullah International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by chronic relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The precise systems associated with the event and advancement of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) stay uncertain, however several elements might be clear. Of these aspects, immunological dysfunction combined with intolerance to the intestinal plants, specifically in genetically prone patients, appears to have crucial impacts in the pathogenesis of CD. we aimed to provide an overview of pathogenesis of CD through literature review of previous studies. Indicate the genes are discussed in the relevant pathways, as well as how these molecular pathways interact with environmental factors to modulate intestinal homeostasis. And finally we discuss the optimal treatment approaches for CD. We searched the PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases using keywords that denote Crohn's disease or inflammatory bowel diseases were searched from the time of their establishment to October 2016 using the following search terms: antibiotics, Crohn’s disease (CD), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Genetic predisposition to Crohn's Disease may be associated with response to therapy or may serve as a factor for design more effective personalized therapy. About 70 loci are associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease development, particularly in pathways of innate immunity, autophagy, and pathogen recognition. A multilocus approach using autophagy-related genes provides insight into CD phenotype–genotype associations and genetic markers for predicting therapeutic responses. Keywords: Crohn's disease (CD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Title: Pathogenesis and Roles of Treatment of Crohn's Disease (CD): Systematic Review Author: AHMED MOHAMMED ALABDULSALAM, ABDULAZIZ ABDULLAH ALHAQBANI, ALI ABDULLAH ALGARNI, MUATH SALMAN ALMUHAINI, SAAD ABDULAZIZ ALHUWAIMEL International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: We aimed with this study was to systematically review all presently available randomized trials on medical diagnosis and management therapies for the infants with bronchiolitis to determine whether approaches to therapies exist for the proper diagnosis. review of the literature included performing a thorough literature recognition and screening procedure, abstracting appropriate info from the qualified studies, by browsing PubMed to October 2016 utilizing the terms bronchiolitis AND diagnosis and treatment for all publications in english language.The reason for a baby's disease can considerably impact the requirement for extra workup; examples consist of babies below 2 months with fever and indications of lower breathing system disease. Total blood cell counts and chest x-rays can be beneficial in patients with uncommon medical courses or serious disease. In the majority of babies with bronchiolitis, the restricted proof readily available does not support regular usage of RSV screening, chest x-ray, or CBC counts. Keywords: Bronchiolitis in infants, systematically review, literature recognition. Title: Diagnosis and Management Approaches of Bronchiolitis in Infants, Systematic Review Author: Saad Mohammed Almaimouni, Rabea Mohammedtaher Qutub International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the primary problems in health systems and a worldwide public health hazard that has actually increased dramatically over the past two decades. we aimed by this review to demonstrate the approaches of surgical management of diabetic foot ulcers, effectiveness, when to decide for surgical procedures efficiency and outcomes, all through reviewing the evidence based on previous studies. we searched for articles published through October 2016 in the following five electronic databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus, for both English and non-English language articles with the following keywords: “diabetic foot ulcer”, “amputations”, “wound management”, “debridement”, “advanced dressings”, “offloading modalities”, “hyperbaric oxygen therapy”, “electrical stimulation”, “negative pressure wound therapy”, “bio-engineered skin“, “growth factors”, and “foot care” as the medical subject heading (MeSH). The risk of injury to the diabetic foot is high, and the consequences of injury can be severe, therefore prevention is undoubtedly the best strategy. Tight glycemic control is essential but many problems can also be avoided by strict attention to foot hygiene and to the use of well-fitting footwear. Injury or infection may be overlooked in the early stages due to the difficulty some patients experience in inspecting their feet, as well as the effects of poor eyesight and reduced perception of pain. The role of the clinician in detecting these problems is of particular importance. Once all nonsurgical therapeutic options have been attended to, preventive surgery should be considered as a means of correcting deformities and minimizing the development of ulcerations, which may lead to much more drastic interventional surgery at a later date. Keywords: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), Diabetes mellitus (DM). Title: Surgical Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU): Systematic Review Author: Nasser Mohammed Abdullah Alshahrani, Abdullah Saad Judaya Alshahrani, Fayez abdulrahman fayez alshahrani, Saeed Faleh Saeed Al Shahrani, Abdullah saad amer alshahrani, Jamaan Rafia Faraj Alshahrani, Abdualla Mohammed A Alshahrani, Yahya Hussain saad Alqahtani International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Newborn infants with seizures are at risk for neonatal death and survivors at risk for neurologic impairment, developmental delay, and later epilepsy. Despite increasingly sophisticated neonatal intensive care, clinicians managing seizures remain challenged by difficult prognostic and therapeutic questions. Our objective was to determine the etiology of neonatal seizure and the proper treatment in which could be most effective for treating neonatal seizures, in order to guide development of an evidence-based treatment algorithm. We searched MEDLINE via PubMed from inception to Octorber 2016. A librarian trained in literature search strategies assisted us in the design of our search terms, which were subsequently reviewed by a second librarian. The search was limited to humans and English language articles and included the specific search terms: National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Heading [MeSH] term "Seizures/therapy" AND ("Infant, Newborn"[Mesh] OR neonat*) AND (Humans [Mesh] AND English [lang]). Phenobarbital is the preferred first drug of choice for acute treatment of neonatal seizures, both among neonatologists and paediatric neurologists. When this treatment fails, neonatologists seem to initially favour higher doses of phenobarbital while paediatric neurologists generally prefer to use other anti-epileptic medications and also more frequently off-label drugs such as levetiracetam and topiramate. Keywords: Newborn infants, Etiology, Onset and treatment strategy. Title: Etiology, Onset and Treatment Strategy of Neonatal Seizures, Systemic Review Author: Jawaher Musnad Alanazi, Jawaher Musnad S Alanazi, Fatimah Hamad S Alfeheid, Amal Dhabyan Z Aldhilan, Entsar Owaid M Alanazi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals