Vol 4 Issue 2 October 2016-March 2017

Abstract: Self-medications, usually with over-the- counter (OTC) pain medications, is reported as a community health problem that affects many people worldwide .many people unaware of proper dosing, adverse drug reactions and side effects and possible drug interactions that may not be clearly labeled. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross sectional prospective consists of a questionnaire of 25-questions. Electronic survey were distributed among 1808 participants through social network sites from the period 11 November to 12 November 2014 , then data analysis had be done. Summary of Results: A total of 1808 questionnaire were collected and analysed. Analgesics were used in 61% without prescription. Sixty seven percent use analgesics only for severe pain. Ninty percent mentioned that analgesics should not be administered with other medications. Thirty eight percent reported that analgesics had antipyretic effect, while 15% reported that it had anti-inflammatory effect. Eighty percent had the habit of reading pamphlets, while 77% take care of the expiary date. Conclusion and Recommendations: More education is needed and Provide health care professionals with information to offer to the patients. Keywords: over-the- counter (OTC), pain medications, Self-medications. Title: Knowledge and Attitude toward the Use of Pain Medications in Saudi Arabia Author: Abidah Hasan Mohsen Al-esawi, Eman Hamzah Alkarimi, Dr. Huda Mohammed Alkreathy International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Dental professionals are susceptible to a number of occupational hazards. . These include exposure to infections (including Human Immunodeficiency Virus and viral hepatitis, hazardous dental materials, radiation, and noise; musculoskeletal disorders; psychological problems and dermatitis; respiratory disorders; and eye insults. Minimizing percutaneous exposure incidents and their consequences should continue to be considered, including sound infection control practices, continuing education, and hepatitis B vaccination. Basically, for any infection control strategies, dentists should be aware of individual protective measures and appropriate sterilization or other high-level disinfection utilities. Strained posture at work disturbs the musculoskeletal alignment and leads to stooped spine. The stooped posture also involved certain groups of muscles and joints. This may lead to diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Continuous educating and appropriate intervention studies are needed to reduce the complication of these hazards. So, it is important for dentists to remain constantly up-to-date about measures on how to deal with newer strategies and dental materials, and implicates the need for special medical care for this professional group. This article discusses selected occupational hazards. Once identified and recognized as a risk, new guidelines, precautions and protocols are rapidly instituted to greatly reduce or even eliminate the occupational hazard. Keywords: Dental staff, Dentist, Occupational disease, hazards. Title: Occupational Hazards of Dentistry Author: Mashael Aldosary, Areej Almubashir International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Lamotrigine is an anticonvulsant that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved for the epilepsy and depression of bipolar disorder. A few cases of lamotrigineinduced pancytopenia have been previously reported on, but the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations are not yet known. The present report describes the clinical history, radiography, hematology, microbiology, bone marrow sample, and histology of a case of Lamotrigine -induced pancytopenia. Keywords: Lamotrigine, anticonvulsant¸ pancytopenia. Title: Lamotrigine Induced Pancytopenia Author: Jamal Waheed Qutub, Mohammed Hassan Ali International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Many students complain of headache and poor concentration, may attributed to myopia, due to the excessive exposure to near vision resulting from some bad studying habits, reading books intensively and improper exposure to electronic devices for a long period or other daily habits that may have an impact directly or indirectly on the vision. The goal is to identify the prevalence of myopia among Jazan university students. Material and result: A cross sectional study from medical & non-medical faculties has done as a cluster samples. Data is collected along four days duration using a semi-structured questionnaire after taking a verbal informed consent, Data processing by SPSS v20. We found that 78% of whole students study in improper position; there is high percentage of genetic factor among the students. The medical students spend most of their time in studying, while the non-medical students spend it on E-devices. 62% of students who are spend more than 3 hours in studying, and 89.3% of students who spend more than 3 hours in E-devices are myopic. Conclusion: Myopia is a problem affecting Jazan university students whether those attending scientific type of studies (medical students) as well as non-medical, there is no difference of statistical significance between them in the point-prevalence of myopia, instead it is more or less the same about (50%). However, the environmental (modifiable) risk factors differ as medical students use electronic in studying, but non-medical students in other activities. The majority of students doesn’t practice eye relaxing exercise and don't follow proper positioning during studying. So, it is recommended to design an education program aiming at controlling the myopia problem. Keywords: Myopia, Medical students, Near work, Jazan University. Title: The Prevalence of Myopia among Sample of Jazan University Students during the Academic Year 1435-1436 Author: Nouf Mohammed Mari, Safiah Mohammed Albishi, Alrumaisaa Ahmad Daafi, Bashaer Abdulaziz Altowairqi, Wejdan Mohammed Hakami, Nourah Ali Homaily, Ruaa Abdullah Falqi, Ibtihal Mohammed Alamoudi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Cholelithiasis, although increasing in frequency in children, is still far less common than in the adult population. This Review was aim to focus in discussion the Laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedure in the pediatric, in addition also to determine the outcomes after LC in children through reviewing the literature. We conducted a computerized comprehensive search through the most known medical databases; MIDLINE/PubMed, science-direct, and Emabse, for relevant articles discussing the Laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedure in the pediatric, that published up to December 2016, in English language, and concerning human subjects with children and adolescent Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is confirmed to be a safe and efficacious treatment modality for pediatric cholelithiasis. Many of these patients reported in the literature do well with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The cause for increased occurrence of pediatric cholelithiasis and their natural history have to be additional assessed. LC is much easier in children compared with adult population, when it is carried out by an experienced pediatric surgeon. Keywords: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), pediatric cholelithiasis. Title: Overview of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Procedure in the Pediatric Author: Malek Hassan Ibrahim Alaaullah, Abadi Abdullah Hakami, Qasem Ali Arishi, Musleh Hussain Musleh Mubarki, Mohammed Ali Zalah, Nuraddin Hussin Mohammad Alhakami, Nasser Mansour Khawaji, Abdulmajeed Ahmed Y Dayili, Abdulrahman Beshi Hakami, Albaraa Ahmed Fathi Juraybi International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: To determine the prevalence of thyroid nodules detected during extra cranial carotid Doppler examination. Method: This is a retrospective review of prospective database including patients undergoing carotid color doppler examination in the time period (November 2016 through February 2017), demographic data, presence of thyroid nodules and presence of chronic medical illness were detected by reviewing electronic medical records. Statistical Analysis was determined using The Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Result: The study included 85 patients with mean age (±standard deviation ) of 64 ±14.99. Fifty one (60%) males and 34 (40%) females were identified. Thyroid nodules were detected in 8 (9.4%) patients out of 85 (90.6%) patients. Five (62.07%) of which were females and 3 (37.93) were males. Conclusion: Thyroid nodules are a common incidental finding in carotid doppler examination occurring in females more than males. Keywords: extra cranial carotid Doppler examination, thyroid nodules. Title: Incidental finding of Thyroid Nodules Detected during Carotid Color Doppler Ultrasound in Asymptomatic Patients Author: Rayyan A. Kinsara, Eman S. Badawod, Maria A. Bagais, Huda A. Saimaldahar, Mohammed A. Alariefy, Adel K. Kotb, Mohammad A. Wazzan, Ahmed H. Abduljabbar International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The goal of this study was to evaluate the relation between Vitamin D deficiency and its impact on osteoporosis, also to discuss the causes, risk factors and treatment of osteoporosis. A literature search through PubMed Medline/PubMed, Science Direct, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) database, was performed searching articles focusing on osteoporosis and the impact of vitamin D deficiency and its relation to each other’s, and for those studies published up to December 2016. We restricted our search to studies with English that were published. and each identified study underwent manual search in its included references lists for more liable studies. The major impact of the energetic vitamin D metabolite 1,25(OH)2D is to promote the absorption of calcium from the intestine. The consequences of vitamin D shortage are secondary hyperparathyroidism and also bone loss, resulting in osteoporosis and cracks, mineralization defects, which might result in osteomalacia in the long term, and muscular tissue weak point, creating fractures and also falls. Vitamin D status is related to bone mineral density and bone turn over. Vitamin D supplements could decrease bone turnover as well as boost bone mineral density. Keywords: Vitamin D supplements, osteomalacia, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO). Title: Vitamin D Deficiency Related to Osteoporosis, Overview of Causes and Management Author: Abdulrahman Ali H Alluqmani, Omar Khaled Ahmed Abdulbaqi, Hani Saleh G Alharbi, Arwa Omar Bin Rabba, Mohammed Hisham, Shahad Ahmed S Bamani International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Women's reproductive health problems cover diseases such as breast cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease and sexual transmuted disease. Studies reported that up to 50 % of women had reproductive problems or diseases sometime in their reproductive life in Saudi Arabia. Objectives: To describe the awareness and practices of women regarding their reproductive health, and to identify women reproductive health problems. Methodology: It was a community based cross sectional study, conducted in Al-Ahsa and Al-Qatif of eastern Saudi Arabia. The data were collected in 2014 from 250 women in the reproductive age. Results: It was found that about 79% were interested in reading topics and articles about their health. About 65% knew how to perform self-examination of the breast. About 60% of women did not perform exercise at all. Seventy five percent of women used to eat fast food at least once a week. About 24% reported family history of breast cancer. Those who had health problems during pregnancy or at delivery amounted to 27.2%. About 12% of women took the contraceptive pills for birth spacing. Conclusion: The majority of women were interested in reading about reproductive health. Most of women knew how to do breast self-examination. A high proportion of them did not follow healthy diet or exercise. Keywords: Women Reproductive Health, Knowledge, Practice and Problems. Title: Knowledge, Practice and Problems Related to Women Reproductive Health among Women in Al-Qatif & Al-Ahsa Author: Mona A Alfadeel, Akeelah A Alhaddad, Hawra Z Rebh, Fatima H Alhariri, Farqad M Smaeel, Rahmah Y Alshaqaqiq, Alaa M Alaithan, Zainab M Abu alsaud, Sara A Bunajmah, Ayat Y Alyousef International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Hip pain is a common medical presentation and it has a wide variety of deferential diagnosis. Here we reported 37 years old female patent presented with bilateral avascular necrosis of femoral head which is rare condition, followed by discussion of staging, diagnosis and management. Keywords: avascular necrosis, femoral head, osteonecrosis, idiopathic. Title: Idiopathic Bilateral Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head: Case Report Author: Ahmad Almaghrabi, Muath Damanhuri, Basel Alsaidi, Basil Sabqul, Ehdaa Anani International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The psoriatic arthritis of the important issues both at the level of scientific research or in the field of medicine and in this paper we tried to ask Tarafaa for this disease, and ask the symptoms and the resulting damage to the injured person and ways of talking to the disease and how to prevent it therapy, and we tried to ask many questions about the disease and respond to them in a scientific manner simplified..onrjawa Adava that we have something on the subject of the researcher. Psoriatic arthritis can cause swelling, stiffness and pain in and around the joints, cause nail changes and overall fatigue. Studies show that delaying treatment for psoriatic arthritis as little as six months can result in permanent joint damage. Early recognition, diagnosis and treatment of psoriatic arthritis are critical to relieve pain and inflammation and help prevent joint damage. Keywords: Psoriatic arthritis, Psoriasis, arthritis, skin disease, Inflammation, Treatment. Title: Psoriatic Arthritis Causes and Treatment Author: Khaled Ahmed Abbas, Abdullah Khaled Basalem, Moatasem Mohammed Modhish, Mohammed Fihan Alnefaie, Nabil Abdullah Algarni, Tariq Ziyad Alsultan, Yazeed Abdullah Alasiri International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Mother is the origin of human life, whether she gives birth to male or a female baby. However only healthy mothers can produce healthy children. The foetus, which grows rapidly depends solely on its mother for the nourishment. Nutrition plays an important and special role in the course of pregnancy for the maintenance of sound maternal health. Keywords: pregnancy, healthy mothers, healthy children, Nutrition, maternal health. Title: Healthy Pregnancy and Lactation Author: Dr. Sandhya Ayaskar International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Noonan syndrome (NS) is a common genetic condition with multiple congenital abnormalities, characterized by high incidence of congenital heart disease, facial anomalies, webbed neck, cryptorchidism, behavioural problem, hearing loss and other comorbidities. The cause of this disorder is believed to be mutations of RSA/mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Diagnosis can be achieved by the basis of clinical features although it has similarities to patients who have Turner syndrome. A number of cases with features of NS reported with multiple or solitary central giant cell granuloma (CGCG). This report aims to present a case of 14-year-old Saudi patient with NS associated with recurrent CGCG. Keywords: Noonan syndrome, Giant cell granuloma, PTPN11. Title: Noonan Syndrome with Recurrent Central Giant Cell Granulouma Author: Majeda Alslimi, Amjad Almalki, Abdulrahman Alissa International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Epilepsy is prevalent neurological disorder in Saudi Arabia and and listed as temporary or permanent driving interdiction. So far, driving is absolute necessity as public transportation system is underdeveloped. In 2015, Saudi Arabia road traffic accidents data published a 526,000-traffic accident a year costing 5,6 billion dollars and costlier 17 fatalities daily. In line with other countries rules and requirements, it will be more safe, for the patient and community, if the seizures are controlled (Seizure free remission) for about 12 months prior to granting unlimited driving license. Objective: to evaluate the eligibility of male epileptic patients aging more than 18 years old to drive cars based on achieving one year seizure free remission in a statistically representative sample for Saudi population. Subjects and methods: a cross sectional study design in which eligible patients attending outpatient clinic at King Fahad General Hospital were requested to take part in a survey about their driving status. Sample size was calculated assuming that one year seizure free remission of 80%, based on literature review, with a precision of ± 5.9%. A sample size of 170 individuals should be sufficient to perform 2-tailed test with 95% confidence level. Results: 170 consenting patients participated in the survey. The mean age was 38.7 (range 18-90 years). Seizure types encountered were generalized tonic-clonic seizure 98 patients (57.6%), Absence 27 patients (15.9%), unclassified 26 patients (15.3%) and clonic 14 patients (8.2%). The dominant underlying etiology was idiopathic in 90.6%. Despite that only 106 patients (62.4%) achieved one year seizure free remission, 161 patients (94.7%) hold a valid driving license and 146 patients (85.9%) are currently driving. 35 patients (20.6%) reported experiencing seizure while driving and 46 patients (27.1%) received advices from healthcare professionals regarding driving. Conclusion: Among our study population, relatively lower control of epilepsy was observed with increased risk of seizures during driving that may lead to serious consequences. Health education regarding driving especially for uncontrolled patients is a key area for improvement till achieving higher seizure remission rate. Keywords: Epilepsy, Driving, Saudi Arabia. Title: Epilepsy Patient in Saudi Arabia, Are They Eligible to Drive? Author: Wasaif I. Aljohani, Bashayer F. Alsohime, Maryam A. Nawwab, Abdullah A. Alshehri, Najd I. Aljuhani, Rahaf T. Dashash, Saggaff A. Alsaggaff, Mounir T.Benismail International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The aim of this review was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic liver resection surgery according to evidence based trails that were obtain to support our study. Conducted electronic search using MEDLINE and Embase database, searching published studies were identified by searching the (up to January, 2017). Restriction was applied during search strategy to English language articles only, search was performed using the keywords: ‘laparoscopy’, ‘liver resection’, and ‘liver surgery’ combined with ‘saefty’ and benefits” to identify all reports that may concerned to laparoscopic liver surgery. Furthermore, References lists of selected studies were searched for more relative articles to our concerned topic. Laparoscopic liver surgical procedure is a complex procedure requiring competence in both the laparoscopic strategy as well as liver surgical treatment. At the here and now time, it is constrained to few professional centers, but its diffusion is raising, as verified by the soaring number of just recently released documents on this topic. Indicators for laparoscopic hepatectomy do not vary from those for open surgery, and also technical expediency has been reported as the only restricting factor. Laparoscopic resections are practical and secure in selected patients with left-sided and also right-peripheral sores needing limited resection. Young patients with benign disease plainly benefit from preventing a major abdominal incision, as well as cirrhotic patients might have a lowered difficulty price. Keywords: Laparoscopic Liver Resection Surgery, Hepatectomy. Title: Safety and Efficiency of Laparoscopic Procedure for Liver Resection (Hepatectomy) Author: Tariq faruq kurdi, Abdulrahman saleh katib, Mohammed Ali Sultan, Abdullah Alawi H Alattas, Mohammed Khalid H Alzidalsharif International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This review study was aimed to evaluate and highlight the different surgical repair for inguinal hernias and discuss the most effective and safe techniques to be used in general surgery ward. We conducted an electronic search using the following databases: MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase, searching relevant articles concerned with surgical management approaches of inguinal hernia published until January 2017. Searching was restricted to published articles in the English language. More studies were found through searching the references lists of identified articles. Numerous repair work approaches have been explained to date. Mesh repairs are superior to "non-mesh" tissue-suture repair works. Lichtenstein repair and endoscopic/laparoscopic strategies have comparable efficacy. Information from numerous studies suggest that the Laparoscopic technique repair work leads to less postoperative pain, a quicker return to regular practical status, and enhanced quality-of-life outcomes with comparable reoccurrence rates when compared with the Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair. Keywords: surgical repair, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase, Laparoscopic technique, general surgery ward. Title: Overview of Surgical Repair Techniques for Inguinal Hernias Author: Najlaa Samran Almutairi, AMANI HAMED HASSAN SUQI International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Research Publish Journals