Vol 5 Issue 2 October 2017-March 2018

Abstract: Myopia is a global public health problem leading to visual impairment and blinding complications. It is the most common type of refractive error and is a complex trait including both genetic and environmental factors. Numerous studies have been conducted to elucidate the aetiology of myopia. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of childhood stress on the occurrence of myopia among senior high school students in Ejisu-Juaben Municipality of Ghana. The study was a cross-sectional study of students attending senior high schools in the Municipality. Students were selected by systematic and simple random sampling methods. Questionnaires were administered to all students and non-cycloplegic refraction was carried out for all students who failed the plus one blur test or with improvement of vision with a pin hole on the Snellen chat. Myopia for purposes of this study was defined by the investigators as spherical error of at least –0.50 diopters in one eye. The prevalence of myopia among the student was 34%. Childhood stress was associated with the occurrence of myopia. The study showed students who experience significant childhood stress are 3 times more likely to develop myopia compared to children who do not experience significant childhood stress. This study concludes that myopia is a significant cause of visual impairment among senior high school students in the Sekyere East District of Ghana, and is therefore an issue of public health concern among senior high school students in the district. Counseling services should be strengthened from basic education   through to senior high school. Children during the teenage years have many challenges and feel the effects of stress. Times of special changes like divorce, a death in the family, or a move can be stressful. Effective counseling in schools is needed to support parents and guardians to adjust students to stress.

Keywords: Myopia, childhood stress, senior high schools, public health, parents and guardians.

Title: ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF CHILDHOOD STRESS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF MYOPIA AMONG SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN GHANA

Author: DR. OSEI BOAITEY

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Tracer Methodology can be used to give valuable insight into the practical applications of an organization's processes. The adoption of a laboratory tracer, whether in a mock audit in preparation for accreditation or in a bid to improve processes, gives a holistic and comprehensive view of a department's protocols as well as the efficacy of its communication and collaboration with other departments in the hospital. The laboratory is the nexus of a multi-specialty tertiary care urban hospital. This paper aims to provide an idea about how the laboratory tracer is to be implemented and to show the advantages to the laboratory and the hospital staff as it will help to showcase lacunae in processes, which can help to improve the quality of care given to patients.

Keywords: Laboratory tracer, audit, medical laboratory, accreditation, hospital.

Title: The Use of Tracer Methodology in a Hospital based Medical Laboratory

Author: Lakshmi Vaswani, Rupali Parikh

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Septoplasty is known to be one of the most common surgeries practiced among otolaryngologist being the third most common surgery. Usually, patients will present with unilateral nasal obstruction or other feature of a deviated nasal septum. In our article, we aim to publish our technique which is a figure-of-eight fashion of suturing the mucosa, by utilizing both sides of the mucosa. Our method is a technically easy procedure, faster to learn and master by the surgeon and there will be no exposed cartilage which will lead to decrease probability of crust formation and by obliterating the dead space created by the resected cartilage will decrease the likelihood of hematoma incidence.

Keywords: otolaryngologist, Septoplasty, Eight Suturing in Endoscopic.

Title: Figure of Eight Suturing in Endoscopic Septoplasty, A convenient Technique in Wound Closure

Author: Ahmad Alroqi, Abdulrahman Alhumaizi, Mohammed Alsukayt, Abdulhakeem Almutairi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences  

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The aim of this article is to review the background, pathophysiology, epidemiology and current level of evidence for secondary stroke prevention from PFO and highlight some pitfalls in management. We conducted a search of the Cochrane database to evaluate the effective of foramen ovale closure to prevent recurrent stroke that were studied up to 2017. In summary, results of these current trials provide new devices to help curtail danger of recurrent strokes in selected patients with a PFO associated stroke. Nonetheless, closure is not a panacea for all stroke patients who likewise take place to have a PFO. It is essential to keep in mind that the advantage obtained from PFO closure is modest and could quickly be offset if the complications from procedure increase even by small measures in clinical practice. Continued surveillance is necessary to make sure that these tools are being placed for appropriate indications in clinical settings and have low rates of complications so as to not endanger the wellbeing of our patients.

Keywords: PFO associated stroke, pathophysiology, epidemiology.

Title: Roles and Effective of Foramen Ovale Closure to Prevent Recurrent Stroke

Author: Saeed Abdulrahman Alghamdi, Abdullah Abdulrahman Alghamdi, Saeed Abdulaziz Alghamdi, Eid Hussein Alshahrani, Alwaleed Abdullah Alshahrani, Abdulmjeed Abdulrhman Alshahrani, Saleh Abdulrahman Alghamdi, Nasser Abdullah Alshahrani

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: In this review we discuss the background of diseases, diagnostic and management approaches. Comprehensive search was conducted through; PubMed, Medline, and EBSCO databases, searching literature for relevant studies discussing the management of autoimmune encephalitis, using following Mesh terms: “autoimmune encephalitis” and “management”. The appropriate medical diagnosis and management of autoimmune encephalitis needs an organized approach. Evaluation should start with a detailed history and physical examination to detect hints to specific reasons. A diverse variety of infections ought to be taken into consideration, and proper testing should be done to exclude relevant pathogens. Ancillary testing with MRI, EEG, and lumbar puncture might additionally support a medical diagnosis of encephalitis and possibly recommend specific causes. A wide group of autoantibody tests may be utilized to detect or exclude specific autoimmune causes, however these tests are complex and not every positive outcome is certain evidence of an autoimmune condition. The risk of neoplasm need to always be considered throughout initial treatment and follow-up visits, both in terms of diagnosing serious cancers cells and because particular tumors could recommend specific autoimmune causes. Therapy should depend on the pathophysiology of the condition (e.g., T-cell-mediated or antibody mediated) and the clinical situation of the patient. Patients could relapse and needs to receive proper follow-up care from a physician familiar with the illness.

Keywords: EBSCO databases, Autoimmune Encephalitis, MRI, EEG, and lumbar puncture.

Title: Overview of Diagnosis and Management of Autoimmune Encephalitis

Author: Dr. Ibrahim Abdulrahman Ibrahim Alrubayan, Dr. Anas Saeed Almoabbdi, Dr. Abdulmajeed Mulla M Alotaibi, Dr. Ahmed Khalid Abuhaimed, Dr. Bader Mohammed Ahmed Althagafi, Dr. Hussam Hussain Awadh Alhumaidi, Dr. Ahmed Hamza Mohammedalhadi, Dr. Abdulaziz Mohammed H Hammudah, Dr. Nawi Jabr Nawi Alshammari, Dr. Zahi Mohammed Alqarni

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: This paper first discusses the burden of disease and diagnosis in primary care and the efficacy of antibiotics, other treatment options. Targeted detailed search was conducted through databases; PubMed/Midline, and Embase, for these articles disusing the sore throat management in primary care. Therapy choices for sore throat is few. Nonetheless, the diseases resolve without treatment and, with a few important exceptions, difficulties are rarely a problem. Family doctor should advise patients/carers how to relieve signs and manage pain and inform patients that if anti-biotics are recommended the program must be finished, that most aching throats could be self-managed and that persistent sore throats can be managed in primary care. Too notify patients that there is no guarantee that tonsillectomy will certainly prevent all sore throats in the future; inform patients of the difference in between bacterial and viral sore throat.

Keywords: Tonsillectomy, Bacterial and Viral Sore Throat.

Title: Management of Sore Throat in Primary Care by Family Physicians

Author: Abdulaziz Mohammed Ahmed Assiri

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Depression is the most typical psychiatric disorder in the basic population and the most typical psychological health condition in patients seen in medical care. Although symptoms of anxiety are prevalent amongst medical care patients, few patients go over these symptoms straight with their medical care clinicians. Instead, two-thirds of medical care patients with depression present with somatic symptoms (eg, headache, back problems, or chronic pain), making detection of depression more difficult.

In the absence of screening, it is estimated that only 50 percent of patients with significant anxiety are identified. Unless straight asked about their state of mind, patients omit information about depressive symptoms for a range of factors, consisting of fear of stigmatization, belief that anxiety falls outside the province of primary care, belief that anxiety isn't a "real" disease however rather a personal flaw, issues about medical record privacy, and issues about being prescribed antidepressant medication or being described a psychiatrist.

Keywords: Adult Depression, psychological health condition, depressive disorder.

Title: Screening For Adult Depression in Primary Care by Family Doctors

Author: Dr. Fatema Hosam Madani, Dr. Ebtehal Mobarak Zawawi, Dr. Abdullah Munif Alrashed, Dr. Mohammed Talal Maghrbi Ftaih

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: This review aims to summarize the existing evidence regarding the diagnostic methods and the management of CVT, including heparin and thromblolysis. Electronic Databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, and Emabse) were used to conduct a comprehensive review on management of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in general and specifically the diagnostic approaches and treatment options. CVT is an uncommon reason for acute stroke, yet a high index of suspicion ought to be preserved in any type of patient with unexplained encephalopathy or headaches, headaches refractory to treatment or high ICP. Anticoagulation should be started even in patients of ICH. It requires precise medical diagnosis because the pathophysiology and treatment vary from arterial stroke. Headache is the initial symptom in more than 70% and the predominant symptom in approximately 90% of patients with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT).

Keywords: cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), headaches refractory to treatment or high ICP.

Title: Updated Review of Diagnosis and Management of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis

Author: Nasser Abdullah N Aldawsari, Bassam Awad M Alzubaidi, Sultan Thayer N Alharbi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The objectives of this review are to identify the clinical features that suggest a diagnosis of CVS and to review the literature on its management. Relevant studies were identified by a search of electronic databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, for all these articles published from time of instance up to December 2017, in English language and discussing cyclic vomiting syndrome management and diagnostic approaches, containing human subjects only. CVS is an idiopathic functional vomiting disorder at first defined in kids that is increasingly recognized in grownups. Although documented pathophysiologic associations with migraine, mitochondrial conditions, and neuroendocrine abnormalities have been described in pediatric CVS, migraines, anxiety, and panic appear to be typical associations in adults that need further study. The natural history of CVS in children suggests that the majority of will outgrow this debilitating disorder with time, though some will transition to migraine headaches and even continue to suffer CVS as adults. Current therapy for CVS can be divided into supportive therapy (during episodes), prophylactic therapy (to avoid episodes), and abortive treatment (to prevent development from prodromal symptoms to the vomiting phase). Strategies for management of CVS during the interepisodic duration consist of avoidance of determined triggers, lifestyle modifications, and psychological interventions.

Keywords: cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS), supportive therapy.

Title: Proper Management of Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome

Author: Bassam Awad M Alzubaidi, Sultan Thayer N Alharbi, Nasser Abdullah N Aldawsari

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: To estimate the screening and diagnostic methods of fatty liver in patients in a primary care setting. Detailed computerized search of literature was performed through several medical databases; Midline/PubMed, Science direct, and Emabse, search was conducted to find relevant studies discussing the screening for fatty liver disease in primary careBy primary physicians there should be a high index of suspicion for NAFLD and NASH in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clinical decision help such as NAFLD Fibrosis Score or FIB4 or vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE) could be used to identify those at low or high risk for advanced fibrosis (connecting fibrosis or cirrhosis). Education and understanding are very essential. They need to target primary care doctors because they have a better connection with patients than our team showing up and offering the FibroScan.However Routine Screening for NAFLD in high-risk groups participating in primary care, diabetes, or obesity clinics is not advised at this time as a result of unpredictabilities surrounding diagnostic tests and treatment options, together with absence of knowledge pertaining to long-term advantages and costeffectiveness of screening.

Keywords: vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE), fatty liver.

Title: Roles of Family Doctors in Screening for Fatty Liver Disease

Author: Sultan Thayer N Alharbi, Nasser Abdullah N Aldawsari, Bassam Awad M Alzubaidi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The incidence of tuberculosis Disease is increasing all over the world mostly in poor, developing Countries. In Saudi Arabia: tuberculosis is a common disease due to the migration of people from the developing countries.

Since the reported patient has a resected abdominal neoplasm, it may be overlooked or confused with recurrence of the malignant disease. We describe two patient with unusual form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis both mimicking recurrence of neoplastic diseases. The first patient was a 51 year-old man who was operated on for Cancer head of pancreas which was confirmed histologically, the second patient was a 85 year-old man was operated for peri-amullary carcinoma, during follow up of both patient they developed cervical lymphadenties which proved to be tuberculous, both patients treated successfully with isomiazid, rifampicin and pyrizinamide, no relapse of either malignancy or tuberculous lymphademitis.

Keywords: tuberculosis Disease, lymphademitis.

Title: An Enlarged LT Supraclavicular LN (Virchow-Troiser's Node) Node in Peri-Ampulary Carcinoma It Is Not Always a Metastatic

Author: Omer S. Alamoudi, Abdulrahman Demerdash, Saleh Y Alhedyan

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a set of symptoms due to raised androgens (male hormonal agents) in women. Signs and symptoms of POCS include irregular or no menstrual durations, heavy durations, excess body and facial hair, acne, pelvic pain, trouble getting pregnant, and spots of thick, darker, silky skin. Associated conditions consist of type 2 diabetes, weight problems, obstructive sleep apnea, heart disease, mood disorders, and endometrial cancer. Ovarian disorders that are a specific effect of the hormone milieu of pregnancy such as pregnancy luteoma (PL) and Hyperreactio Luteinalis (HL) are uncommon. Nevertheless, they have essential ramifications for both the mother and the fetus considering that they can be puzzled with ovarian malignancy leading to unneeded surgery. This evaluation concentrates on the significant aspects of management of these ovarian conditions during pregnancy.

Keywords: pregnancy luteoma (PL), Hyperreactio Luteinalis (HL).

Title: Overview of Ovarian Disease in Pregnancy

Author: Saad Abdullah S Shaiban, Saleh Y Alhedyan, Abdullah Mohammed H Kafy

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Baby crying can be a cause of many illnesses one of the most common causes can be abdominal coli. Colic is commonly described as a behavioral syndrome in neonates and infants that is characterized by excessive, paroxysmal crying. Colic is most likely to occur in the evenings, and it occurs without any identifiable cause. This review study evaluated the management of colic abdomen in infants pediatric age group, Including diets, drug treatment, and behavioral interventions.

Data sources: Different study types were reviewed, Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, Meta-analysis, from Embase and MEDLINE databases till December 2017, in combination with bibliographies list of included studies.

Conclusions: Counseling and education to the family about abdominal colic can reduce maternal stress recommending the parents to ask for help from other caretakers for a short period. Due to the lack of understanding of the pathogenesis of abdominal colic and unproven treatment. We consider consistent follow-up and encourage parents to discuss their feelings.

Keywords: infant colic, pediatrics, management, prevention and Treatment.

Title: Overview of Management and Different Aspects of Infant Colic

Author: Ghaday Ibrahim Alyamani, Nieveen Abdullah Tunkar, Duha Adnan Fallatah, Arwa Saad Alzahrani

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: In this article, we explain the clinical roles of CCBs in angina, dual calcium channel therapy and contraindications. We performed an electronic search through Medline, and Embase databases (up to November 2017) for publications, we limited our search to English language Articles, and to every study discussing Calcium Channels blockers (CCBs) effectiveness in angina. CCBs inhibit Ca2+ channels in the myocardium or vascular smooth muscular tissue cells, resulting in inhibition of myocardium contraction, inhibition of ICS (anti-arrhythmias) and vasodilation. Moreover, CCBs have a pleiotropic effect on CSA including alternative angina, MI and ST. Furthermore, new systems of action of Ca2+ channels, such as the aldosterone inhibition effect and mineralocorticoid receptor blockade impact, have been illuminated in the field of endocrinology. All the calcium blockers have been utilized for managing angina. Nevertheless, the most commonly utilized calcium blockers are the longer-acting types of diltiazem and verapamil, amlodipine, or felodipine.

Keywords: Calcium Channels blockers (CCBs), effectiveness in angina.

Title: Use of Two Agents Calcium Channels Blockers (CCBs) In Angina

Author: Mamdouh Eidhah Alharthi, Ahmad Othman Almailabi, Ahmed Taher Altayeb

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences  

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: This review discusses staging, etiology, prognostic factor and surgical treatment modalities available for esophageal cancer. We searched for articles published through December, 2017 in the following five electronic databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus, for both English and non-English language articles with the following keywords: “esophageal cancer”, “amputations”, “esophagectomy”, “surgical management”. Esophageal cancer is a severe malignancy with regards to mortality and prognosis. Esophageal cancer is staged according to the widely accepted TNM system. Surgical resection continues to be the major therapy for potentially treatable esophageal cancer. Neoadjuvant treatment can improve longterm end result after esophagectomy. Additionally, MIE could improve temporary end result, and 3-field lymph node dissection could reduce the risk of recurrence. Staging plays an integral part in directing stage specific therapy protocols and has a good influence on total survival. Usual imaging modalities utilized in staging consist of CT, EUS and PET scans. Present treatment choices consist of multimodality treatment mainstays of present therapy include surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. The progress made in surgery lead surgeons to consider minimal techniques to reduce morbidity and mortality of such high-risk procedures. New techniques of MIE and robotic surgery in a close to future will certainly offer chance to push the boundary of the indications in very selected group of patients.

Keywords: MIE, “esophageal cancer”, “amputations”, “esophagectomy”, “surgical management”.

Title: Surgical Esophagectomy Management of Esophageal Cancer: A Review

Author: Abdullah Ayed Al_Nefaie, Manal Ahmad Assiri

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences  

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Research Publish Journals