Vol 6 Issue 2 October 2018-March 2019

Abstract: Geohelminthiasis are common in sub Saharan Africa. It is associated with morbidity and mortality in pregnancy. The study aimed at analyzing risk factors, prevalence and infection intensity among pregnant women in Bungoma County, Kenya. A cross sectional hospital based survey that was carried out from March 2016 to January 2017. Consecutive sampling was used to enrol 750 expectant mothers aged 18 to 45 years, seeking antenatal services at the hospital. Kato-katz technique was used to process stool for identification of eggs. Pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-economic risk factors. Data was analysed using STATA Version 12. Discrete values were analysed using frequencies and percentages. Continuous variables were analysed using central tendency such as mean. Chi-square (X²) test was used to determine association between geohelminths and different variables. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse the association between geohelminthiases and significant variables at bivariable analysis. Level of significance was set at < 0.05 and 95% CI.  Overall prevalence of geohelminthiasis was 185 (24.7%).  Ascaris lumbricoides, was the most prevalent 76(41.1%), Necator americanus 73(39.5.%), Trichuris trichiura, 11(5.9%), Enterobius vermicularis, 4(2.2%), Schistosoma mansoni 4(2.2%) and, mixed infection of A. lumbricoides and Necator americanus 17(9.2%). Women without geohelminths 565(75.3%). Risk factors included lack of hand washing, (AOR=3.386, 95% CI 1.664-6.079), use of borehole water for drinking (AOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.144-2.508), lack of shoes (AOR=0.412, 95% CI 210-808) and unemployed (AOR=2.295, 95% CI 1.389-3.990). The study showed a moderate prevalence of geohelminthisis in expectant mothers. Routine stool examination, provision of treated water and health education particularly on personal hygiene are important.

Keywords:  Geohelminths, Prevalence, Intensity, Risk factors, pregnant women.

Title: GEOHELMINTHIASIS: RISK FACTOR ANALYSIS, PREVALENCE AND INFECTION INTENSITY AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN BUNGOMA COUNTY, KENYA

Author: Wekesa Antony Wannyonyi., Elizabeth Omukunda, Chrispinus Siteti Mulambalah, David Mulama

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Ghrelin is well known endogenous peptide. Its role in managing obesity and/or diabetes was not well defined.

Objective: To define the relationship of ghrelin with diabetes mellitus and/or obesity.

Methods: A comparison of four group of subjects had taken place. A control group composed of normal healthy subjects. The second, third and fourth group are diabetic non-obese subjects, obese non-diabetic subjects, and diabetic obese subjects.

All the patients are recruited from King Abdulaziz University Hospital. Blood samples had been taken from fasting patients measuring serum ghrelin, fasting blood glucose, insulin level, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride and haemoglobin A1C.

Results: The diabetes obese group was the most abundant with statistically significant correlations and most of the varibles were negatively correlated with serum ghrelin The values are successively -0.640, -0.322, 0.201, 0.068, 0.151, -0.694, -0.555, -0.529 for BMI, LDL-Cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol, Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, Fasting Blood Glucose, Hb A1C, andum Insulin

Conclusion: A negative relationship is concluded between serum ghrelin and BMI, FBG and serum insulin levels. This suggests suggest a suppressive controlling mechanism of ghrelin secretion in obese and diabetics.

No relationship can be established between ghrelin level and serum lipids

Keywords: Ghrelin, diabetes, patients, BMI, LDL-Cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol, Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, Fasting Blood Glucose, Hb A1C, andum Insulin.

Title: The Relationship of Ghrelin with Diabetes Mellitus and/or Obesity

Author: Khaled Saad Alzahrani, Wahbi Khalid Albishi, Hesham Abdulmalik Alshaikh, Abdullah Waheed Calacattawi, Samar Saud Alsifiri

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Bacterial infections associated with metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) production are often difficult to manage with existing antibiotics. This is as a result of the broad antibiotics hydrolytic spectrum of metallo-beta-lactamases which are known to hydrolyze all beta lactams except the monobactam antibiotics. this investigation was carried out to assess the antibiogram of metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producing bacteria from selected sachet water samples sold in Calabar Metropolis. Isolates from a previous study confirmed to harbour the blaIMP and blaNDM genes were subjected to antibiotics susceptibility testing following Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines. The antibiotics resistant spectrum of the MBL producing isolates were: Plesiomonas shigelloides strain 187 (OFX-CN-AU-CH-CAZ), Enterobacter cloacae strain S20504 (OFX-CN-AU-CH-S-CAZ), Photobacterium ganghwense strain ZR07 (CAZ), Bacillus licheniformis strain 60 (OFX-CN-AU-CH-S-AZT-CAZ), Klebsiella pneumoniae strain DSM 30104 (OFX-CN-AU-CH-S-SXT-CAZ), Plesiomonas spp strain TIL_TAL_1 (OFX-PEF-CN-AU-S-SXT-AZT-CAZ), Comamonas testosterone strain 1 (OFX-CN-AU-S-SXT-AZT-CAZ), Enterobacter sacchari SP1 (OFX-PEF-CN-AU-AM-CH-S-AZT), Acinetobacter soli strain MBR7 ( CAZ), Photobacterium ganghwense strain ZR07 (AZT-CAZ). The multiple antibiotics resistance indices (MARI) of the MBL producing isolates was in the range of 0.2-0.8. The multidrug resistance nature of these MBL producing isolates showed that they are a potential threat to health. Hence, measures to reduce the spread of these bacteria from the environment to human should be developed and implemented.

Title: Antibiotics susceptibility profile of Metallo-beta-lactamase producing bacterial isolates harboring blaIMP and blaNDM genes from selected sachet water samples sold in Calabar Metropolis, Nigeria

Author: Andy, I. E., Archibong, C.P.

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Trauma is a major health problem which has a substantial number of injures. It is the first because that leads to death for Americans. Our study is conducted to estimate the incidence, types and outcomes of trauma in our center also to compare these outcomes between different years taking in consideration the most common trauma predictors. retrospective study aiming to identify the outcome of trauma cases in king Abdul-Aziz university hospital 40%of patients were Saudi, 60% non-saudi.28.5% below 12y of age, while 66.9% age between 12-60y, and 4.6% above 60y. 79.4% male. And 20.6% female 88% of all injured patients required hospital admission, while 7.6% discharged from ER and 3.9% die in ER. For the admitted patient 18.3% stayed less than 3 days, while37.3% styed for 3-7 days,36.5% had been admitted for less than month, and lastly 7.9% stayed more than month. 58% of all admitted patient didn't not require ICU admission while 35.5% admitted to ICU. Trauma outcome could not be assessed properly due to deficiency of documentation, lack of trauma system and no organization between the different facilities. Furthermore, trauma research is limited in our countries despite the huge number of trauma that we face each day. We recommend establishing a new trauma system and trauma registry

Keywords: Trauma, road traffic injuries, burn. Stop injuries, fall down.

Title: Trauma review in Saudi Arabia, single trauma center experience

Author: Ghader Jamjoum, Yahya marhabi, Mohammed Abdullah Alkatheri, Bhaa Maher Simbawa, Eman kamal, Amienah Alsubaie, Sultan Hudaib AlJaid

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: We present a, 1 day 2.3kg neonate, with critical neonatal valvular pulmonary stenosis. Although most cardiologists would have done BPV in neonatal critical Pulmonary stenosis, yet we had great difficulty in crossing the catheter over the pulmonary valve as expected. We took a BMW 0.04 coronary wire to cross the pulmonary valve. After crossing the wire, the 4 French multipurpose was not crossing the pulmonary valve. Then we took another 0.04 BMW coronary wire which streched the valve and we could negotiate the 4 F MPA1 through the previously crossed wire. Thus serially dilated the valve with 4mmx2cm coronary balloon followed by mini Tyshaq II 5mmx2cm baloon.

Aim: The aim of the research paper is to introduce another efficient technique of Balloon Pulmonary Valvotomy in a neonate with critical Pulmonary valve stenosis by using double coronary wire technique to cross and dilate the tight pulmonary valve.

Keywords: Balloon Pulmonary Valvotomy, critical Pulmonary valve stenosis, technique.

Title: Balloon Pulmonary Valvotomy in a neonate with critical Pulmonary valve stenosis- double coronary wire technique

Author: Bisht Dinesh, Mahajan Viresh,Tyagi Himanshu

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: To determine whether there is a direct relation between postprandial sleeping and the incidence of DM type2. In addition to that, the study explored the relation between the time, length of sleep and the incidence of DM. Also to determine if there is any gender relationship with sleeping habits and to establish the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and sleeping habits.

Methods: A multi-centric case-control convenience sampling was conducted in several health care centers including primary health care centers, secondary and tertiary as well, among the patients visiting the outpatient clinic

Conclusion: There is a significant relation between blood glucose level and postprandial sleeping. Also there is statistical significance between DM and initiating sleep. Gender has a role in the diabetics sleeping pattern.

Keywords: postprandial sleeping, sleeping habits, primary health care centers.

Title: Postprandial Sleeping in Relation to Type 2 diabetes and Obesity

Author: Mohammed Abdulrahman Alshaikh, Maged Mazen Fakeeh, Rayan Ali Lafi Alghamdi, Mansour Abdulmalik Alsheekh

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: This study assessed the level of domestic workload and physical activity among working middle age women in relation to meeting the recommended guidelines for physical activity.

Methods: The cross-sectional survey recruited seventy middle aged women from Federal Medical Centre, Ondo-state, South-western Nigeria. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Health Research Ethic Committee of Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Ondo-state, Nigeria. Informed consent of all participants were sought and obtained after the rationale behind the study has been explained to them. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the domestic workload and the level of physical activity of the participants. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics statistics of percentages and frequency tables.

Results: The result of this study showed that 73.86% of the respondents were daily engaged in heavy domestic workload while 26.14% were daily engaged in light domestic workload. 51.4% of the respondents engaged in vigorous physical activities of not less than 3 days in a week, 55.6% in moderate physical activities while 83.9% participated in brisk walking of not less than 3 days in a week. The result also showed that greater proportion of the respondents that engaged in vigorous physical activities (91.42%), moderate physical activities (95.71%) and brisk walking (82.86%) spent more than 30 minutes during each exercise session.

Conclusion:  Majority of Nigerian women in paid employment lead a very active life by engaging in leisure time physical activity in spite of their heavy domestic workload thereby meeting the minimum criteria for adequate physical activity.

Keywords: Physical activity, Domestic workload, Middle-aged, Women.

Title: LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND DOMESTIC WORKLOAD OF MIDDLE AGED NIGERIAN WOMEN

Author: Samuel O Bolarinde; Oluwatoyin, A Ewemooje; Olayemi, G Omotola; Oluwatobi L, Salami

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Aim of this study is to recognize the efficacy and safety of liraglutide on our patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes.

Method: it is uncontrolled prospective study where patients with type 2 diabetes despite high dose of insulin their glycosylated hemoglobin more than 8%. Total insulin doses, weight of the patients, fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were noted in the beginning and repeated after 3 and 6 months.

Results: liraglutide started on 150 patients and only 128 complete the study. The mean weight reduced from 107.3 to 99 and where the mean glycosylated hemoglobin reduced from 11.2 to 8.9 after 3 months and to 8.1 after 6 months.

Conclusion:  liraglutide is safe and has good effects on weight reduction and diabetic controlled on our patients. It is similar to what have been published internationally.

Title: EFFICACY OF LIRAGLUTIDE ON TREATMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Author: Mohammed Abdulrahman Alshaikh, Khalid Mohammed Bahamdein, Ali Abdulelah Fadel, Waleed Khalid Eiban, Naif Saud Alsifri

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The carbapenems are used as drugs of last resort for treatment of severe infections associated with the Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL). The emergence of Metallo-beta lactamase (MBL) producing bacteria is a threat to the efficacy of these drugs due to the broad spectrum of activity of the MBLs on carbapenems and other beta lactams. This study was undertaken to detect MBL among imipenem resistant isolates from the Great Kwa River and the antibiogram. A total of 30 surface water samples were randomly and aseptically collected from three sites of Great Kwa River and transported to the laboratory within 18h for analysis. The surface plating technique was used to isolate bacteria from these samples after a 5-step ten fold serial dilution. Following standard guidelines for antibiotics susceptibility testing, the imipenem resistant isolates were subjected to double disk synergy test (DDST) and combined disk test (CDT) for detection of MBL. From a total of 42 imipenem resistant bacterial isolates, 18(42%) showed MBL production using the DDST and CDT phenotypic methods. With the DDST, 51% of the isolates were positive for MBL production while 71% showed MBL production with the CDT. There was no significant difference between these phenotypic tests (p>0.05). The species frequency of MBL production among the isolates were E.coli (5%), Citrobacter sp (5%), Aeromonas sp (11%), Salmonella sp (5%), Plesiomonas sp (16%) and Proteus sp (16%). All the MBL producing isolates were resistant to at least three antibiotics; the number of antibiotics all the isolates showed resistance include: Salmonella sp (7), Aeromonas sp (0), E.coli (8), Serratia sp (0), Plesiomonas sp (2), Proteus sp (0). The widespread emergence and spread of MBL producing bacteria is a threat to human health because of the multiple antibiotics resistance nature. Early detection of these isolates and regulation of carbapenem usage should be implemented.

Keywords: imipenem resistant isolates, Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL), drugs, treatment.

Title: DETECTION OF METALLO-BETA-LACTAMASE AMONG IMIPENEM RESISTANT BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM GREAT KWA RIVER, NIGERIA

Author: Andy, I. E, Archibong, C. P.

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

Research Publish Journals