Vol 8 Issue 2 October 2020-March 2021

Abstract: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among grade one to grade five school children in an educational division in the eastern part of Sri Lanka  to describe the nutritional status of primary school students in the region. The height and weight were measured, and the Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated for each child. The age and sex specific BMI charts developed by the National Center for Health statistics 2000 were used as standards. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Vs.20) and WHO Anthro Plus software. In this study Population, 32% (95%CI;24.3%,39.7%) were stunted having a height- for-age Z score of below -2SD, 32% (95%CI;24.3%,39.7%) were underweighted and 44.4% (95%CI;36.9%,52. 0%) were had a BMI-for-age Z score less than -2SD.The relationship of malnutrition with gender, family type, number of siblings, mother’s occupation, monthly income, worm treatment, food allergy and dental caries were considered as factors influencing nutritional status for analysis of this study. Gender, number of siblings and worm treatment were statistically significant with malnutrition with a p-value of less than 0.05. Nutritional status of students showed higher prevalence of undernutrition in this region. It is evident that a substantial population does not consume a varied and balanced diet and the Sri Lankan dietary guideline have emphasized the importance of a balanced and varied diet. This will lead to improvement in the quality of diet.

Keywords: stunting, wasting, underweight, Body Mass Index, Undernutrition.

Title: Nutritional Status of Primary School Children in Eastern Sri Lanka

Author: Sujendran S, Lokeesan V, Youhasan P, Sathaananthan T, Karunakaran K.E

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: There has been a rise in the problem of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) worldwide. Non-Communicable Diseases NCDs are chronic conditions and as such takes a toll on the family and the community. In Ghana, NCDs are attributed to supernatural causes, hence this study was done to assess people’s knowledge and perception on NCDs, factors that influence their health seeking behaviours and how their religious beliefs affect the treatment of NCDs. The descriptive survey design through the quantitative approach was used in the study. Through stratified and random sampling procedures, a sample of 386 respondents were selected from Ayawaso District of Ghana. A questionnaire designed (in relation to literature) was used to gather data for the study. The gathered data was analysed based on the research questions, using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and pearson product moment correlation. The findings of the study indicated that majority of the respondents have knowledge on NCDs, they first seek for the causes and treatment of the NCDs and there is a weak positive significant correlation between religion and seeking early intervention of NCD. Recommendations were made to contribute to optimizing the management of NCDs in the Ayawaso district of Ghana.

Keywords: Non-Communicable Diseases, Religious beliefs, Health, Ghana. 

Title: Religious Beliefs and its Influence on the Treatment of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in Ayawaso District, Ghana

Author: Francisca Arboh, Elizabeth Yeboah, Emmanuel Kwateng Drokow, Eric Atta Quainoo, Adwoa Asantewaa Acquah Tyse, Akpene Yawa Amaglo, Nana Ama Anokyewaa Darko

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The pathophysiology of asthma and emphysema are quite different. Asthma is an inflammatory process leading to reversible endoluminal obstructive ventilatory deficit due to increased resistance into the airways, the other functional parameters (CO transfer capacity, gasometry, pulmonary compliance) as well as chest x-rays are normal in steady state. While the emphysema corresponds to a destruction of the pulmonary parenchyma beyond the terminal bronchioles, parenchymal destruction is responsible for an increase in lung compliance which results in irreversible extrinsic bronchial obstruction, as a consequence the transfer capacity of the CO is lowered, and the gasometry can be disturbed (hypoxemia initially, then possibly hypercapnia), following bronchial obstruction, a chronic distention appears, defined by a permanent elevation of CRF, VR, and VR / CPT ratio. In this work, we will study the effect of these two pathologies related to the respiratory mechanics by a simple lung simulator. The principle is to vary the respiratory resistance and compliance according to the pathologies stated above, in order to propose the best adjustments which depends on the state of the respiratory system, this adjustment is made on the mechanical parameters of the ventilators so as to provide the adequate ventilation.

Keywords: Electrical model. Asthma. Pulmonary emphysema.

Title: Adjustment of respiratory mechanicals parameters in emphysema and asthma during pressure controlled ventilation

Author: Khalifa Elmansouri

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and accompanied by various metabolic disorders due to abnormal insulin secretion.  Around 90% of DM cases in the world are type 2 of DM and 80% of them are found in developing countries. Indonesia ranks seventh in the country with the most diabetes cases in the world. DM treatment usually expensives and has adverse effects so alternative treatments are needed which are relatively inexpensive, whose properties are not much different from synthetic drugs and are safe for consumption in the long term. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var Italica) is a kind of vegetable that is easy to find and cultivate and contains lots of antioxidants and nutrients. The aim of knowing the potential of broccoli in reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) in patients with type 2 of DM. Methods: The study was derived from various relevant literatures in last 10 years using keywords. Literature from international journals and national journals accessed on PubMed, Garuda, NCBI, and Google Scholar. Results: Antioxidants in extract of broccoli are hepatoprotective and reduce MDA levels in type 2 of DM patients by inhibiting the initiation and propagation of free radical oxidation reactions. Conclusion: Broccoli’s extract has the potential to reduce MDA levels in patients with Type 2 of Diabetes Melitus.

Keywords: Broccoli, Malondialdehid, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2.

Title: POTENTIAL OF BROCCOLI (Brassica Oleracea L. Var italica) EXTRACT AGAINST THE REDUCTION OF MDA LEVELS IN DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE II

Author: Fadilla Ummaiya, Widya Hardianti, Dyta Putri Aryo, Elvina Veronica, I Wayan Sugiritama

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory and allergic response. Until now, asthma is still a global health problem with around 339 million sufferers, mostly found in developing countries, such as Indonesia. The resulting morbidity is related to obstacles in carrying out work activities, which leads to decreased quality of life. This study aims to study the characteristics of hospitalized asthma patients at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar, Bali. The study was conducted with a descriptive method using cross-sectional studies. Samples were selected from participating based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 to get asthma case characteristics based on age, sex, education level, occupation, marital status, smoking history, nutritional status, blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration rate, body temperature, oxygen saturation, leukocyte levels, hemoglobin levels, platelet levels, respiratory complaints, and the degree of asthma. Asthma cases in Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar, Bali from 2018 to 2019 were 35 people, the average age was 47 years, dominated by female sex (60.0%). Characteristics of dominant respondents have a bachelor's degree (28.6%), work as private employees (28.6%), are married (80.0%), have no history of smoking (68.8%) and have normal nutritional status ( 62.9%). Vital signs of respondents include mean systolic / diastolic blood pressure (119.71 / 76.29 mmHg), pulse 95 beats per minute, body temperature 36.860C, and O2 saturation of 94%. Respiration rate vital signs are classified as tachypnea (27 beats per minute). Lab examination of respondents showed that the mean levels of leukocytes were 12.94x103 µ / µL, Hb 13.3 g / L, and platelets of 260.3 x103 / mm3. Types of respiratory complaints that accompanied the most cases of asthma were shortness of breath (94.2%) with mostly a moderate degree of asthma (48.6%). Most cases of asthma occur in women with an average age of 47 years, undergraduate education, private employees, married status, no history of smoking, normal nutritional status, normal blood pressure and pulse, tachypneic breath rate, normal O2 saturation, classified leukocytes. infection, Hb and normal platelets with moderate asthma.

Keywords: Characteristics, Asthma, Hospitalized.

Title: CHARACTERISTICS OF HOSPITALIZED ASTHMA PATIENTS IN SANGLAH HOSPITAL, DENPASAR, BALI

Author: Janice Do Rosario, I Gusti Ngurah Bagus Artana, I Gede Ketut Sajinadiyasa, Ni Luh Putu Eka Arisanti, Ida Bagus Ngurah Rai

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The Internet has, in any case, changed the way we relate to our environment and our planet in common. One of today's huge phenomena is online gaming. One can play any game in online gaming so long as there's internet connection. One gets in contact with friends online and also gets an opportunity to associate with individuals who they haven't known some time recently but met online. With online gaming, they have access to any games and at the cybercafé there's no need to rent games. Online games can be exceptionally addictive and in terms of physical and mental wellbeing the addiction can too have a serious effect on them. But this addiction can lead to Internet Gaming Disorder, if without any supervision over their behaviour. This study is a descriptive study with cross sectional method. Data is obtained by using the Development of Indonesian Online Game Addiction Questionnaire and The Beck Depression Inventory-II questionnaire and it is given out to random medical students which follows the inclusion and exclusion criteria studying in the University of Udayana. The prevalence of students addicted to online games are 50,0%. There no correlation between age, gender, batch, online game addiction, hours spent online gaming and depression. Depression due to game addiction among students in faculty of medicine in University Udayana have a prevelance of 50,0%. There is no significance between hours spent online gaming and depression.

Keywords: game addiction, depression, online gaming, hours spent.

Title: DEPRESSION DUE TO INTERNET OR GAME ADDICTION AMONG STUDENTS IN FACULTY OF MEDICINE IN UNIVERSITY UDAYANA

Author: Vaheni M Shunmugam, Anak Ayu Sri Wahyuni, Ni Ketut Putri Ariani, Luh Nyoman Alit Aryani

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: BACKGOUND AND PURPOSE: Back pain is one most common orthopedic complaint which we see in our daily practise. Impairments of the back and spine are the most frequent cause of limitation of activities in people of all age groups and disabling for young subjects. Symptomatic Intervertebral Disc Prolapse occurs in 1-3 % of the subjects and variety of treatment options are proposed. Recently Microlumbar Discectomy has proven benefits in quality of life, reduction in pain scores and efficacy in International Research.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study is a Observational Follow up study, which included 28 subjects who were selected with MSU Criteria and Microdiscectomy surgery performed at our hosptial.

Various variables from previous literature including Age distribution, Obese and overweight, Height, Occupation, Sex, Level of prolapse ,Smoking influence,Type of Prolapse.

The basic Aim of the study is to find How Efficacious is this surgery in Lumbar IVDP subjects and assessment is done at preoperative and postoperatively with VAS and JAO scores.

RESULTS :   37% patients were severely affected and 64.3% were moderately affected and post surgery, their score pattern improved significantly post surgery 96.4% patients have >90% improvement and  3.6%have only >50 improvement.(P value= < 0.001) 85.7% patients had improvement in neurology immediately and 6 months post surgery (P Value = <0.001)

RESULTS AND CONLCUSION:

The study showed Microdiscectomy is efficacious and it improved quality of life in patients with Lumbar IVDP There has been a lacuna in literature, regarding this procedure in our part of the world which highlights the significance of this study.

Keywords:  IVDP, Lumbar, Microdiscectomy, Back Pain, JOA.

Title: SURGICAL OUTCOMES OF MICRODISCECTOMY IN LUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL DISC PROLAPSE- A FOLLOW UP OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Author: DR.KARTHIK.V, DR.SANDEEP.VP, DR.SABARI GIRISH., Dr.SUNDARARAJ

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Migraine is one kind of chronic neurological disorder in which one experience reversible type of headache with neurological and systemic symptoms. The main symptoms includes fear of noise (phonophobia), sensitivity to light (photophobia), cutaneous allodynia, and some symptoms related to gastrointestinal tract (GIT) which includes emesis and nausea. The pain of migraine is not immediately experienced rather precursory symptoms can be experienced hours and days before the inception of pain. As per aspects of its pathophysiology the migraine attack can be split up into phases: the premonitory phases, the aura phase, headache phase and postdrome phase, respectively. The present studies involves study of pathology behind migraine attack along with role of nitric oxide synthase enzyme and also covers the detailed description of few reported molecules for inhibiting the action of nitric oxide synthase. We believe that this will help the in successfully design of new analogues.

Keywords:  Amino acids; Headache; Nitric oxide synthase; Migraine; Peptides.

Title: A REVIEW ON REPORTED NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITORS FOR TREATMENT OF MIGRAINE

Author: Yaksh Mahajan, Pankaj Wadhwa, Anuradha, Vanktesh Kumar

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Background: Diabetes Mellitus is an important factor in COVID-19 patients, known as a risk factor for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 infection actually causes acute diabetic complications such are DKA and HHS in known diabetic patients, and also some studies and case reports support the idea that COVID-19 could trigger New onset Diabetes. The incidence of DKA is higher than HHS in COVID-19 patients.

Methods: The patient admitted with HHS, was diagnosed with COVID-19 on the bases of basis of Chest Computed Tomography, after a negative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Detailed medical history, physical examination and laboratory investigations were obtained.

Case presentation: Here we present a 70 year-old patient, not known to have DM before, presented in ED with somnolence, reporting a 2 weeks history with fever, urinary tract infection signs, fatigue, polyuria-polydipsia syndrome, home treated with antibiotics, with no improvement. His lab results showed high blood glucose, high effective osmolarity, no ketonuria, diagnostic for HHS. He got hospitalized in Endocrinology and Diabetology Department and treated successfully with intravenous fluids and insulin as per HHS protocol. Besides his metabolic improvement his body temperature persisted and a COVID-19 Disease was suspected. So he underwent a Chest Computed Tomography which confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia, despite the negative RT-PCR test. The patient refused the treatment in a COVID-19 Hospital and he was discharged home in a stable condition.

Conclusion: COVID-19 has a diabetogenic effect that is yet to be fully understood. Based on the reviewed cases, patients with newly onset diabetes and a recently aggravated symptomatology need a careful investigation regarding the presence of SARS-CoV-2 as a potential trigger.

Keywords: HHS, diabetes, COVID-19, ACE2.

Title: Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state and New Onset Diabetes Mellitus precipitated by COVID-19 Infection

Author: Adishah Çerma, Pranvera Spahija, Gerond Husi, Marjeta Kërmaj, Klodiana Poshi, Adela Haxhiraj, Violeta Hoxha, AgronYlli

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Optimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) is the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended way of feeding children. Much has been done on IYCF, but there still remains a dearth of information in areas related to the application of IYCF recommendations in various regions. Therefore, the study was designed to assess the compliance with IYCF recommendations among mothers with infants aged 0-24 months in Nakuru Municipality, Kenya. This paper presents and discusses the findings from one of the objectives of the study. The paper discusses the mothers’ prior plan, sources of information, popular culture, prior teenage exposure to breastfeeding mother and support for IYCF as predictors of their compliance with IYCF recommendations. The study used interview and questionnaires adapted from the WHO questionnaire on the 24-hour recall food diversity. Nine research assistants were trained prior the exercise to help in collecting data from 377 mothers. From the findings, almost half (49.6%) of mothers’ had prior plan for exclusive breastfeeding for six months. However, only 14.2% carried through their plan. The main sources of IYCF information was the media (radio and television) according to 39.3% of the mothers. A large majority (95.5%) of the mothers had prior teenage breastfeeding exposure of witnessing a mother frequently breastfeed. The popular culture of IYCF was early (0-3 months) introduction of solids, semi-solids and soft foods (39%). The main sources of reassurance (support) on mothers’ IYCF practice was by the community health nurse (46.4%). The mothers’ level of compliance with IYCF recommendation was 55%. The study recommends that policy makers should come up with strategies of building capacity to increase the community health nurses’ efforts of supporting IYCF. The policy makers need to come up with IYCF policies that would reach the mothers in the community with practical IYCF intervention. County Health System to ensure the CHEW monitor and evaluate of IYCF compliance at family level.

Keywords: Prior Plan, Information Sources, Popular Culture, Prior Teenage Exposure, Breastfeeding Mother, Support Compliance, Optimal Infant, Young Child Feeding, IYCF Recommendations.

Title: PREDICTORS OF MOTHERS’ COMPLIANCE WITH NATIONAL INFANT AND YOUNG CHILD FEEDING RECOMENDATIONS AMONG CHILDREN AGED 0-24 MONTHS IN NAKURU MUNICIPALITY, KENYA

Author: Kamau Anne Njeri

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Astigmatism is frequently present during childbirth and may happen in blend with myopia or farsightedness. Astigmatism most of the time happens with other vision conditions like nearsightedness which is partial blindness (myopia) and hyperopia which is farsightedness. From the result of this study it can be concluded that the number of female and male who have astigmatism is almost similar. Study found that there are is no significant difference on gender when it comes to astigmatism. Most of the astigmatism students have some first degree relatives the diagnosis of astigmatism. Only a small percentage of students with astigmatism wear contact lenses. Most of the students with astigmatism spend more than 14 hours on phone, 7-14 hours on reading and less than 7 hours for watching TV.

Keywords: Astigmatism, students, (myopia), watching TV.

Title: ASTIGMATISM AMONG STUDENTS IN MEDICAL FACULTY OF UDAYANA UNIVERSITY

Author: SHARLEEANNA MECDONAH

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Newly recruited nurses are perceived to enter the health profession with considerable enthusiasm and optimism. Sometimes, these green nurses wish to quit their jobs for a new or better one. This cross-sectional study investigated the complex relationships among job satisfaction, organizational commitment, transformational leadership, and turnover intention among newly recruited nurses in Chinese hospitals. Responses were gathered from 654 newly recruited nurses using an online survey questionnaire. Two statistical tools, namely structural equation model (SEM) and hierarchical regression analysis, were used to analyze the hypothesized relationships. The SEM analysis results revealed that job satisfaction directly influences organizational commitment and turnover intention. The findings also revealed that organizational commitment has a substantial direct impact on turnover intention. Furthermore, the SEM results showed that organizational commitment acts as a partial mediator in the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention. Besides, the hierarchical regression analysis outcomes revealed that transformational leadership moderated the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover but could not moderate that of organizational commitment and turnover intention. This research’s findings are a signpost for managers to help beginner nurses adapt to their new working milieu and stay in their job. 

Keywords: Job satisfaction; organizational commitment; transformational leadership; turnover intention.

Title: Assessing the effects of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and transformational leadership on turnover intention among newly recruited nurses in Chinese hospitals

Author: Arielle Doris Kachie, Lulin Zhou

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The lack of nutrition education for physicians and medical students is a topic of interest that could potentially help decrease the rates of cardiovascular disease in the United States and around the world. The inadequacy of nutritional information provided to patients by doctors has been closely linked to risks for cardiovascular diseases. This literature review paper will present the current research reflecting the demand for nutritional training among physicians in the United States while highlighting the lack of interest among doctors in countries such as Saudi Arabia. The efforts of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics promoting nutrition advocacy in medical settings has been found to be critical in combining the efforts of nutritionists and doctors to work together in medical settings. The Coaching On Achieving Cardiovascular Health (COACH) is also discussed as an important tool for lifestyle recommendations combined with important medical information to improve patient health. In essence, the research shows that there is a need for doctors to act as storytellers encouraging patients to think holistically about health, which includes diet recommendations to patients. Furthermore, greater efforts to implement nutrition training among medical doctors in countries where nutrition is often overlooked must be considered in order to reduce the rates of cardiovascular disease.

Keywords: Nutrition education deficiency, cardiovascular diseases, nutritionally trained doctors, registered dietitian nutritionist, COACH program, evidence-based health food and supplements, nutrition intervention, community health teams.

Title: Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases: The Need for Nutrition Education among Physicians

Author: Daniel Hwang

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Infertility is being considered as the worldwide health problem however the level of knowledge among them is still poor. It has also been observed that most couples have a basic knowledge of factors affecting fertility, also the options that are available for women with infertility.

Aim : This study aims to assess the level of knowledge of adult women in Mambang village and several factors that might influence their level of knowledge.

Method : This study is an analytical crossectional study, which using a primary source of data from electronic questionnaires. Women from Mambang Village, Tabanan, Bali who aged from 20 to 40 years old are included in this study. Those who are voluntarily refusing to participate in this study are excluded from this study.

Result : The level of knowledge about women infertility in Mambang Village is still low with only 36.2% of participant who are considered as having a high level of knowledge about infertility. We assess the correlation between the women’ age, occupation, education background and family socio-economic status. It is found that there are a low significant correlation between women’ occupation and the level of knowledge about infertility (r=0.330; p=0.020). There are no significant correlation between the rest variables.

Conclusion : The level of knowledge about women infertility is still low in Mambang Village. Women’ occupation might influence their level of knowledge about infertility. Further longitudinal study should be done to assess the risk factor of low level of knowledge among Mambang Village’ adult women.

Keywords: infertility, female reproduction, knowledge of infertility.

Title: THE KNOWLEDGE OF ADULT WOMEN IN MAMBANG VILLAGE ABOUT FEMALE INFERTILITY

Author: Dhaanavendharanpuvanthiran, Bagus Komang Satriyasa, I Made jawi, Suchindradewi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has grown into a pandemic in less than two months. The importance of having a specific and accurate laboratory testing cannot be under stated. Although diagnostic testing by RT-PCR is both accurate and specific and considered to be the gold standard, there is a need of a test that is fast, reliable and readily available. Serological testing of IgG and IgM antibodies in patient’s blood has been proposed to be a rapid diagnostic tool to COVID-19 diagnosis. We evaluated a commercially available COVID-19 Antibody-Rapid Testing Kit (Ab-RTK), Innovita, developed for rapid (within 15 minutes) detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and IgM using 12 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases, 20 PCR-confirmed negative cases,10 healthy controls and 10 non-COVID cases. An overall accuracy of 90.6% with 75.0% sensitivity for true positive cases and 100% sensitivity for true negative cases were achieved. The assay specificities were shown to be 58.3% and 75% respectively for IgM and IgG. The IgG antibodies remain to be detected >14 days after a negative rtPCR testing of a previously rtPCR positive subject. Formation of antibodies appear to be directly correlated with a positive/ significant chest radiologic examination result.

Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Ab-RTK, IgG/IgM Antibody Rapid Testing.

Title: COVID-19 Antibody Rapid Testing Kit (Ab-RTK): An Assessment of its Specificity, Sensitivity, Precision and Accuracy and Diagnostic Correlation to Radiologic Tests Results

Author: Danilo Andro S. Garcia Jr., Gerardo Carmelo B. Salazar

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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