Vol 9 Issue 2 October 2021-March 2022

Abstract: Post Herpetic Neuralgia (PHN) is a neuropathic pain that persist in 3 months after the onset of herpes zoster (HZ). It is commonly found on older age people 60 years old and above. It is generally predisposed to the female gender more than the male gender. Several treatments for PHN are available however, the result remains unsatisfactorily. The use of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been effectively used in reducing pain among PHN patients. This study aims to determine the prevalence of Post Herpetic Neuralgia patients treated with LLLT by age, sex, clinical manifestation, and treatments. Sources of data come from medical records of patients at Dermato-Venereology Outpatient Clinic RSUP Sanglah for a period of 4 years from 2017-2020. A total of 4 research variable were identified for this study: age, sex, clinical manifestation, and treatment. The data was then analysed and interpreted and further presented in forms of description, tables and graphs in this study. A total of 30 patients were identified as having PHN and being treated by LLLT from the period of 2017 – 2020. Of this there was higher prevalence in the female gender (60.0%) compared with male gender (40.0%). The highest prevalence of the disease was found in the age group 60 years old with 60.0%. The majority LLLT session was undergone by one single patient (3.33%) which was 46 times. The least number of LLLT session is undergone by 2 patients (6.67%) which was only 1 time. The highest number of sites treated by LLLT is 2 sites for 16 patients (53.33%). The patients that were undergoing LLLT were almost all treated with oral Gabapentin, Amitriptyline and B Complex.

Keywords: Post herpetic neuralgia (PHN), LLLT, prevalence, age, gender, clinical manifestation, treatment.

Title: PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERISTIC OF POSTHERPETIC NEURALGIA PATIENTS TREATED WITH LOW LEVEL LASER THERAPY AT SANGLAH GENERAL HOSPITAL IN 2017-2020

Author: Ratna Sri Arumugam, Prima Sanjiwani Saraswati Sudarsa, Nyoman Suryawati, I Gusti Ayu Agung Elis Indira

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: In medical treatment, conventional doctors sometimes suggest their patients to receive remedies hand in hand with complementary and alternative treatments ,shortly known as CAMs. Asia is the origin of several complementary and alternative medicines,for example herbal medication and meditation ,so this review focused on how this treatment was used in Asia related with mental health.Certain countries like China,India,Thailand and Japan popularly have adopted this way of remedies and used them up until now to boost their mood, brain performance, reduce depression and so on. However,each country uses different CAMs.

Keywords: alternative medicine, complementary medicine, conventional medicine, mental health, brain performance, depression.

Title: A Literature Review on the Adoption of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Related to Mental Health in Asia

Author: Pacharada Pentrakulchai

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: To investigated whether radiological technician routinely exposed to ionizing relation have a higher prevalence of thyroid disorder, however the correlation between occupational radiation expose in hospital and thyroid disorder is not recognized.

Method: The cases in the study were technician who worked in public hospitals in eastern are (governmental only) the 309 cases were enrolled for the study, all participates were submitted self-answered questionnaire. 

Keywords: thyroid disorder, radiological technician, public hospitals.

Title: Relation between occupational exposure to radiation and thyroid disorder among technicians in radiology departments at some public hospitals, eastern province, KSA

Author: Alkhonaizi Rasha, al-aloy yosra

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Due to the Pandemic of COVID-19 that was an emerging disease causing negative consequences worldwide. Especially, medical personnels and medical students because medical personnel and medical students were mostly risk to contract infection from the COVID-19 because of the study and workplace that lead to the higher chance to intimidate with patients.Therefore, medical student should learn about Infection Prevention and Control in order to prevent and decrease risk of contracting infection.

Purpose: To assess IPC knowledge, Attitude and Practice among dental students

Methodology: This is a cross sectional study, using online form to collect data from first year dental students from a university in Songkhla, Thailand. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation and generalized linear model were used to analyze the results.

Findings: A total of 45 students participated in the study, 33 (73.3%) female and 12 (26.7%). Participants revealed a moderate level of IPC knowledge, correctly answering 9.18 from 15 questions (SD=2.27)  and a moderate level of attitude toward IPC (M=18.67, SD=2.34). A good level of IPC practice was found among participants (M=22.91, SD=2.20). The analysis from the generalized linear model, gender was a predictive factor for IPC practice adoption.

Conclusion: Freshman students had a moderate IPC knowledge and a moderate attitude toward IPC but a good level of IPC practice was found from the study.

Keywords: IPC, dental student, COVID-19.

Title: IPC Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among freshman year Dental students in a university, Songkhla, Thailand

Author: Wanchada Limsawat

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: COVID-19 is an emerging disease Vaccination is a way to control mortality and morbidity from this disease. Thailand is one of the countries that has begun to actively mobilize and encourage vaccination to build community immunity among people. But the vaccine is relatively new, causing people to have a lot of anxiety about getting it.

Purpose: to assess level of satisfaction among people who got vaccinated against COVID-19, to assess level of COVID-19 related knowledge and to study factors affect level of satisfaction of getting COVID-19 vaccine

Methodology: In July  2021, all students from Thai people who got vaccinated against COVID-19 within Sripatum Vaccination Center, Bangkok, Thailand were invited to participate in completing an online questionnaire. A total of 1,000 students participated, level of satisfaction among people who got vaccinated against COVID-19, to assess level of COVID-19 related knowledge and to study factors affecting level of satisfaction of getting COVID-19 vaccine were assessed. Differences between outcomes and sociodemographics were analyzed through independent t-tests and the ANOVA. A generalized linear model was calculated to determine the predictive variables of  level of satisfaction.

Findings: A total of  1,000 participants revealed the level of satisfaction of getting vaccinated against COVID-19 was at a high level (M = 4.54 ,SD = 0.78) . Most participants had a moderate level of COVID-19 related knowledge (M = 6.86 ,SD = 1.21). Age (Beta = .220, p<0.01) and Monthly Income (Beta = .088, p<0.05) were predictive factors for satisfaction of getting COVID-19 vaccination.

Conclusion: Most participants revealed a high level of satisfaction of getting vaccinated against COVID-19. Most participants indicated a moderate level of COVID-19 related knowledge.  Common reasons for satisfaction were protection against COVID-19 and employment reasons.

Keywords: Satisfaction on COVID-19 vaccination, Thai adults, COVID-19 vaccine.

Title: Satisfaction among Thai people who got vaccinated against COVID-19: A study within Sripatum Vaccination Center, Bangkok, Thailand

Author: Kankunlanat Chaiphong

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread around the world resulting in millions of deaths worldwide. There is currently no specific treatment available. This means we need to rely on preventive measures which include vaccination and adopting preventive behaviors. At the time of research, the vaccine rollout in Thailand is still in progress. Even after being vaccinated, one can still catch and spread the virus. This means we have to strictly rely on preventive behaviors to avoid being infected.

Purpose: To assess knowledge about COVID, attitudes towards preventive behaviors and COVID-19 preventive behaviors among grade 10-12 high school students in Bangkok.

Methodology: In September 2021, all students from a Bangkok high school were invited to participate in completing an online questionnaire. A total of 478 students participated. Knowledge about COVID, attitudes towards preventive behaviors and COVID-19 preventive behaviors were assessed. Differences between outcomes and social demographics were analyzed through independent t-tests and the ANOVA. A generalized linear model was made to determine the predictive variables of COVID-19 preventive behaviors.

Findings: A total of 478 students participated in this study. They generally revealed a good level of COVID-19 knowledge, correctly answering 11.03 out of 12 (SD=1.49), a good level of attitudes towards COVID-19 preventive behaviors, with a score of 13.65 out of 15 (SD=1.65) and a high score in terms of COVID-19 preventive behaviors, at 51.74 out of 60 (SD=7.55). There was a positive and statistically significant correlation between COVID-19 Preventive behaviors and Attitude toward Preventive Behaviors (r=.442**, p<0.01) and Knowledge about COVID-19 (r=.249**, p<0.01). The result from the generalized linear model indicated that attitude toward preventive behaviors (β=.407, p<0.01) and knowledge about COVID-19 (β=.159, p<0.01) were predictive factors of COVID-19 preventive behavior adopted.

Originality / Values: From the findings, to keep high school students protected from COVID-19, a level of preventive behaviors should be maintained consistently,therefore knowledge about COVID-19 and all the updates should be communicated to the students persistently. That would influence their attitude and it is best if the level of attitudes stays high. This can be done effectively through the news channel that could penetrate to most participants. The policy maker could also arrange health education among high school students to increase the level of knowledge and understanding and to emphasize COVID-19 preventive behaviors.

Keywords: COVID-19, adolescent, Preventive behaviors.

Title: Knowledge, Attitude and COVID-19 Preventive Behavior among High School Students in Bangkok, Thailand

Author: Tanakrit Tanasansakorn

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Background: Presently, people are all living in a more and more fast-paced and ever-changing world. We are all concerned with citizen’s live and health due to the increasing of disease. Covid-19 is now as seen as a dramatic viral outbreak, more than millions of world’s populations are killed. Student, one of the society’s members, are in at crucial risk under the situation of virus transmission. The attitude, knowledge, and risk perception of student will definitely presume an outcome towards precaution of Covid-19 pandemic.

Objectives: To study knowledge, attitude, risk perception, and preventive behaviors against Coronavirus 2019 amongst a representative sample of high schoolers of Saint’s Gabriel’s College (grade 10-12) who living in Bangkok. Furthermore, to get any ideas on how to promote preventive behavior oppose to the expansion of Covid-19.

Design: Cross-sectional online survey via Google Form during May, 2021. The descriptive statistics and correlation coefficient were applied for data analysis.

Participants: 1,575 volunteered students of grade 10-12 who registered at Saint Gabriel’s College in year 2021.

Results: 319 responses were received. The greatest number of responders were the age group of 17, live in a family with no dependent and no medical conditions while already get vaccinated against flu. Also, most participants considered their health condition to be at moderate level. Correlation coefficient showed that knowledge of COVID-19 and attitude on prevention of COVID-19 had a positive link on preventive behavior against COVID-19. From the analysis of GLM, it was revealed that attitude on prevention of COVID-19 and knowledge of COVID-19 could predict preventive behavior against COVID-19, which was also statistically significant. The statistical result of this research presented that the majority of high school students who are studying in grade 10-12 had a high understanding and knowledge of COVID-19 with a positive attitude towards preventive manners against COVID-19. Furthermore, most of them was at good level of preventive behavior and high level of risk perception to COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion: Even though, the study showed the high knowledge score and the positive attitude, the risk perception is only in moderate level. Thus, to narrow down Covid-19 expansion to the student in their daily life, the attitude and risk perception on prevention of this vial outbreak should be promoted and well communicated in diverse channels to update the student on current situations.

Keywords: COVID-19, COVID-19 Preventive Behavior, Students.

Title: Knowledge, Attitude and COVID-19 Preventive Behaviour among grade 10-12 students in Bangkok

Author: Preechapong Nilpetch

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Due to the Coronavirus pandemic in 2019 that is currently mutating and spreading worldwide: the societies, economies, environments and the public’s mental health including the elderly, working people and youth are all severely affected as a result. After measures have been promulgated in order to control the spread of the COVID-19 virus impacting the public widely, the government needed to find a solution. One of the most competent ways to curb infection rate is vaccination roll-out, so the government is required to provide effective vaccines for their citizens. The goal of the study is to determine whether high school students in Thailand are willing to be vaccinated against COVID-19, as well as to assess their degree of awareness and risk perception of becoming infected with COVID-19. It was predicted that their risk perception would influence their opinions towards COVID-19 vaccination. For this research, 329 high school students in grade 10-12 at Satreesiriket school in Sisaket Province, Thailand participated during 16 June to 7 July 2021. The students’  questionnaire included their level of awareness; risk perception; and willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used to interpret the data. The findings revealed that respondents had good knowledge related to COVID-19 (M=13.25, SD=1.66), low awareness of COVID-19 information ( M=1.92, SD=0.94), low perceived risk ( M=1.98, SD=1.22), and moderate readiness to vaccinate against COVID-19 ( M=3.40, SD=1.59 ). According to the Pearson's correlation analysis that was statistically significant , knowledge of COVID-19 was positively connected with satisfaction with COVID-19 vaccination (r=.255**,p=0.01) with (r=.255**,p=0.01). The respondents' willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 was predicted by their knowledge of the virus ( Beta=.214, p<0.01).

Keywords: Corona viruses disease 2019, Willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19, Reluctance to be vaccinated against COVID-19.

Title: Willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 among High School Students in Sisaket Province, Thailand

Author: Napattakorn Suwannarat

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Background: Healthcare systems have been digitally transformed by technological advancement in medical information systems, electronic medical records, wearable and smart devices, and handheld devices. In addition to technological advancement in the healthcare field, this increased number of medical and health data enabled researchers and practitioners to extract and visualise medical large data in a new spectrum.

Objective: This study aimed to review big data and data science applications in healthcare and present in a summary for junior learners to easily understand.

Methods: A literature review on big data and data science application in healthcare and technology-related articles and researches.

Result: Big Data and Data Science application in healthcare mainly to increase effectiveness and efficiency of diagnosing, treatment, taking care of patients, healthcare service & operation, prediction and prevention of illness. The application of data science in healthcare required comprehensive and structured data in a digital format with sophisticated data analytical systems. Applying big data and data science in healthcare requires the availability of many matters in different dimensions, besides policy and budget,  collecting health data, data integrity, storing it in digital form, availability of hardware and software, trained staff, responsible persons, data workers, data sharing, connectivity, utilisation of data analytics and availability of health data scientist.

Keywords: data science application, healthcare, big data. 

Title: A Literature Review on Big Data and Data Science Application in Healthcare

Author: Nattapong Chitsongsawat

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Background: Covid-19 has been around for a year and does not seem to stop.  Different types of vaccines have been rolled out in many countries and showed different outcomes. Objective: The purpose of the study is to compare outcomes of different vaccines from infected, death, and vaccination rates of each country.   Materials and Methods: This study had an analysis for The US, Brazil, The UK, France, Thailand, Israel, Chile and Indonesia using the Our World Data research and statistics website. Data of the number of COVID-19 infected cases, death and COVID-19 vaccinations on dates including 31th December 2020, 31st  January, 28th February, 31st March, 31st March, 30th April, 31st May, 30th June, 31st July 2021 were collected. Percent change of COVID-19 infected cases and death were calculated. Data were presented in tables comparing each period. Results: Comparison shows that vaccines can slow down viral infections at a certain point but not completely because there are new variants mutating. Conclusion: Vaccines should be constantly upgraded. Moreover, vaccine policy should support different groups of people, risk diversification and mass customization. Despite vaccination, fully self protection should still remain. There still should be intervention in health behaviors to create herd immunity.

Keywords: Covid-19 vaccines, Coronavirus, Covid-19 variants.

Title: Comparative Covid-19 Vaccine roll out study

Author: Pariyakorn Chuensuwonkul

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Background: COVID-19 or Coronavirus disease 2019 has affected all aspects of life globally and become a major threat to public health around the world. One of the most important actions that need to be taken to stop the pandemic is vaccinations. Managing the COVID-19 pandemic in the long-term, vaccine hesitancy and negative attitudes towards vaccines are major barriers.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate Mahidol University students' knowledge, risk perceptions and the willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 vaccinations among undergraduate students in Mahidol University, Thailand.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using a questionnaire. A total of 400 students participated. COVID-19 related knowledge, risk perception, and the willingness to be vaccinated toward the COVID-19 vaccines were assessed. Statistical test using SPSS statistics to analyze differences between intention to be vaccinated and sociodemographic was done using exact p value, Pearson’s correlation and generalized linear model.

Results: Students revealed a good level of COVID-19 related knowledge. Intention to get vaccinated was 43%(n=172) and the unwillingness to get vaccinated was 57%(n=228).The analysis of a binary logistic regression indicated that the risk of perception had a statistically significant effect on the intention to get vaccinated.

Conclusion: There were 400 participants which were university students, 291 (72.8%) males and 109 (27.3%)females and aged between 18-22. The willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 was moderate(M=3.73, SD= 1.21). The knowledge of COVID-19 was moderate(M=7.87, SD=0.95). The risk perception of getting COVID-19 was moderate(M=17.03 , SD=2.25). The predictive factors for willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 were the risk perception(Beta=0.20, p<0.01) and congenital diseases (Beta=0.15, p<0.01).

Keywords: COVID-19, Willingness to be vaccinated, COVID-19 Knowledge, Risk perception, Vaccine acceptance.

Title: Willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 among university students in Nakhon Pathom, Thailand: A Cross sectional online survey

Author: Thana Chuenwattana

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Background: Personal hygiene is one of the key foundations of infection prevention and control. Poor personal hygiene attributed to inadequate knowledge.

Purpose: To assess personal hygiene knowledge, attitude, and practice

Methodology: This was a cross-sectional observational study. An online questionnaire was purposely developed and made available through Google Form between 1 Jun 21 and 30 Jun 21.

Findings: A total of 158 responses, all were male participants, and most participants were studying in grade 12 (n=88,55.7%). Participants showed a moderate level of personal hygiene knowledge, correctly answering on the average score of 10.91 (SD=2.14). Participants revealed a favourable attitude toward personal hygiene at an average score of 4.63 (SD=0.67). Participants reported a moderate level of personal hygiene engagement at an average score of 50.18 (SD=6.21) from 14 hygiene practices analysed.  Grade 10 students had the highest average knowledge, attitude, and practice average scores of 11.16 (SD=1.78), 4.63 (SD=0.67) and (M=51.87, SD=6.07) respectively.

Having a positive attitude toward personal hygiene predicted the adoption of those personal hygiene (EXP B= 0.201, p<0.01).

Conclusion: Participants revealed moderate knowledge about personal hygiene, favourable attitude, and moderate level of personal hygiene practice. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between hygiene practice and knowledge and attitude toward personal hygiene. Attitude toward personal hygiene was a predictive factor for personal hygiene practice adoption. Hence, in order to improve personal hygiene practice among students, personal hygiene practice should be promoted by enhancing students’ knowledge and attitude through classes or activities both at schools and by their parents at their homes as students are more receptive to learning and are very likely to adopt healthy behaviors at a younger age.

Keywords: Personal hygiene, adolescent, secondary school students.

Title: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Personal Hygiene among adolescent in Bangkok, Thailand: A cross sectional study

Author: Naytitorn​ Chaovirachot

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Background: Since Thailand had a COVID-19 crisis we already had 4 waves and the concentration of the crisis increased in every wave because of the mutation of the Coronavirus which can live in a more extreme environment or another it was harder to eliminate the coronavirus out of society.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes and behaviors about COVID-19 among Siriwat Wittaya English Program School high school students.

Methodology: In August 2021, all high school students in Siriwat Wittaya English Program School were invited to participate in completing an online questionnaire. A total of 80 students participated. COVID-19 related knowledge, attitudes toward COVID-19 and preventive behaviors were assessed. Differences between outcomes and sociodemographics were analyzed through independent t-tests and the ANOVA. A generalized linear model was calculated to determine the predictive variables of preventive behaviors.

Findings: Students revealed moderate level knowledge about COVID-19, correctly answering 9.04 (SD=1.93) questions in a total of 15 and favorable attitudes toward preventive behaviors (M = 16.73, SD=2.39). Students reported always engaging in, on average, 5.31 (SD=2.06) of the 10 behaviors analyzed. Females presented higher levels of knowledge, more positive attitudes and engaged in more preventive behaviors than males. Being grade 10 (Exp (β) = 8.213, 95% CI: 1.791–37.670, p < 0.01) or grade 11 student (Exp (β) = 7.568, 95% CI: 1.598–35.835, p < 0.05) and having positive attitudes toward preventive behavior of COVID-19 predicted the adoption of those preventive behavior (Exp (β) = 1.340, 95% CI: 1.189–1.510, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: This research has a total participant of 80 people. The result indicated that this group of participants have a moderate level of knowledge of Covid-19, a high level of Attitude toward preventive behaviors, and a moderate level of Risk Perception of getting COVID-19. The result illustrates that the most effective factor was Attitude toward preventive behaviors which means the development of the Attitude toward preventive behaviors would increase the effectiveness of COVID-19 Preventive behavior. Finally, this research recommends guardians of these participants to encourage a better attitude toward covid preventive behavior by demonstrating the effect of COVID-19 to human health every week.

Keywords: Coronavirus infection, Health knowledge, Risk reduction behavior, students Covid-19.

Title: Knowledge, Attitude and COVID-19 Preventive Behavior among Grade 10-12 students in Bangkok, Thailand

Author: Narongrut Thawanworakit, Siriwat Wittaya

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Background: The willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 was the determinant in Thailand achieving herd immunity. Unwillingness was the impediment to COVID-19 vaccination. We could assess factors that lead to vaccine refusal and level of willingness by observing factors related to willingness.

Objective: To measure level of willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 and predictive factors   for vaccination.

Methodology: Montfort College students were sent links to complete an online questionnaire. The survey was completed by 341 students. Willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19, knowledge of COVID-19, and attitude toward COVID-19 were all evaluated. Participation was entirely voluntary, and no personal information was collected from any participant.

Descriptive statistic were used to describe socio demographic characteristics. A generalized linear model was calculated to determine the predictive factors of willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19

Findings: Participants demonstrated an intermediate level of COVID-19 related knowledge, answering a mean of 9.76 (SD=1.87) correct answers out of 14 questions. The analysis of the correlations between outcome of the study illustrated the existence of positive and statistically correlations between risk perception of getting COVID-19 (r=.159**, p<0.01) and the confidence in the government (r=.179**, p<0.01).

Conclusion: The findings of this study showed a moderate level of willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19. Results of risk perception of getting COVID-19 was at a poor level. Participants also illustrated low confidence in the government. In light of this, predictive factors for willingness were risk perception and confidence in government, which risk perception showed stronger influence in willingness. In addition, risk perception of getting COVID-19 and confidence in government positively associated with willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19 Vaccine, Vaccine hesitancy, high school students.

Title: Willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19: A study among high school students in Montfort College Chiangmai, Thailand

Author: Nattaya Bansupa

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Background: COVID-19 (CoronaVirus disease 2019) is a new highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. SARS-CoV-2 is thought to spread from person to person through droplets released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. COVID-19 was announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be a Public Health Emergency of Concern. This infection is considered to be a top priority for WHO and many countries due to how fast the infection spreads and how it is spread. However, COVID-19 is still considered to be less severe than previous viral infections. Many people who caught the virus can be carriers and spread while not showing any symptoms.

Objective:  To assess knowledge, attitude, and  COVID-19 prevention behavior

Design/ Methodology: Grade 10-12 students from Saint Joseph School, Bangkok, Thailand were invited to participate in completing an online questionnaire.COVID-19 related knowledge, attitudes toward preventive behavior, and COVID-19 preventive behavior were assessed. Differences between outcomes and socio-demographics were analyzed through independent t-test and the ANOVA.  A generalized linear model was calculated to determine the predictive variables of preventive behaviors.

Methods and Materials: This was a cross-sectional observational study. An online questionnaire was purposely developed and available through Google From between January and June 2021. All students from Grade 10 to Grade 12 of Saint Joseph Convent School (English Program), Bangkok, Thailand were eligible for this study and were invited to participate in the study. The invitation was sent to classroom social media groups (to make sure that all eligible for this study receive an equal chance to participate in the study) The students have access to classroom social media groups, so they all receive an invitation. In this invitation, information about the objectives of the study as well as the ethical guarantee of confidentiality and anonymity in the data collected as stated in the informed consent was explained. Participation was completely free and voluntary, and no personal data were collected from any participant. Of the 180 students, a total of 125 students participated in the study (response rate: 69.4%). This research uses an anonymous data collection method to collect data from grade 10 to 12 Students of Saint Joseph Convent School, Bangkok, Thailand, by using Google form. The invitation was sent to classroom social media groups. In these invitations, information about the study's objectives and the ethical guarantee of confidentiality and anonymity in the data collected as stated in the informed consent was explained. Participation was completely free and voluntary, and no personal data were collected from any participant. The analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows, version 26.

Results:  A total of 125 students participated. Students showed a high level of knowledge about COVID-19, correctly answered 4.18 out of 5 questions (SD=0.83), their attitudes towards preventing the spread of COVID-19 scored 12.87 out of 15 (SD=1.29), attitude towards supporting environment scored 12.91 out of 15 (SD=1.49), and behavior towards preventing COVID-19 transmission scored 36.02 out of 50 (SD=4.80). Students’ behavior and attitude towards supporting the environment have a significant correlation. Attitude toward Environment support and guideline was a predictive factor for COVID-19 preventive behavior adoption (Exp (B) = 0.221, p<0.01).

Conclusion: A total of 125 students participated in the study and showed a high level of knowledge and attitudes towards preventing COVID-19 along with environmental support scores. However, their behavior did not correspond. Their behaviors revealed medium levels. Attitudes towards preventing COVID-19 had a positive correlation with COVID-19 preventive behaviors. The generalized Linear  Model also revealed that attitudes were a predictive factor towards COVID-19 preventive behavior. Therefore, the best method to make sure that the students will exhibit COVID-19 preventive behaviors is to reinforce strict rules and guidelines for them to follow.

Keywords: COVID-19, Preventive behavior, High School students.

Title: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Preventive Behavior of COVID-19 among High School Students

Author: Leelapa Piyachotisukij

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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