Vol 3 Issue 1 January 2015-March 2015

Abstract: In this article the effects of radiations on discrete and complex electronic devices were analyzed. In the preliminary phase of this work the space environment was studied, referring to radiations and their effects on the matter and on electronic devices. The main radiation-hardening techniques were investigated, in particular the "by-layout" techniques. One of these rad-hard devices is the edgeless transistor (ELT). A static electrical characterization, before the irradiation (fresh condition), was conducted on these devices in order to evaluate their features with respect to the standard ones (STD). The measures have highlighted the differences between the ELT types, confirming the main features of ELTs, as shown in literature as well. Another investigation regarded the irradiation test of some 8Mbit TOPAZ flash memories using Boron ions. These test were conducted both in the active state (during the reading of memory cells) and in the passive state (in standby). Thanks to these test, it was possible to study the memory cell bit flips at the changing of the radiation dose, classifying the different bit flip stories dose by dose. Finally, the result was that: the flips of programmed bits were more frequent than ones of non-programmed bits; the memories irradiated in active state had less failures than the ones irradiated in passive state. Some statistical data elaborations were conducted in order to understand the trend of the bit-flip of the cells with the dose. Using these data a predictive model was defined to estimate the mean variation of the memory cell threshold voltage shift with the dose.

Keywords:  Radiations, Total dose, ELT transistors, pre/post irradiation measurements.

Title: Experimental Analysis and Investigation on the Effects of Radiations on Integrated Circuits for Space Applications

Author: Gianluca Borgese, Calogero Pace

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: This article reintroduces Sulaiman Abu Ghawsh’s 1977 rare book Ten Thousand English Loanwords of Arabic origin and presents his hypothesis of four possibilities: a) English borrowed from Arabic or Arabic borrowed from English, b) both borrowed from another language, c) one of them is a mother to the other, and d) both of them are siblings from another mother tongue. This paper is specifically dedicated to discussing the first possibility that Abu Ghawsh eventually supports. Then, the article presents the four morphological and phonological change patterns that Abu Ghawsh believes occurred to these words when migrated to English either directly or through the scenic route of other languages; these patterns are: dropping vowels, inversion, replacing, and adding or removing.

Keywords: Loanwords, etymology, Sulaiman Abu Ghawsh, phonological and morphological change, borrowing, English words of Arabic origin.

Title: Do Ten Thousand Arabic Loanwords Truly Exist In English?

Author: Mohamed A. Yacoub

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: The Province of Ifugao, which is the focus of this study, is the only declared Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) site in the Philippines and one of the first listed group of GIAHS in the world, with the inclusion of Ifugao as UNESCO inscribed World Heritage Site. Notwithstanding, the province is also under constant threat of natural calamities owing to its mountainous terrain. During heavy rains and strong winds, it is very normal to experience the wrath of floods and landslides that normally cause havoc on life and property.

The constant suffering from natural calamities and disasters coupled by their limited capacity and technological advancement taught the Ifugao people to rely on each other’s support and assistance in surmounting catastrophes, from building houses after typhoons or calamities to tending their farms during planting and harvesting seasons. This practice is called “Bayanihan” from the Filipino term Bayani+han meaning heroism or doing heroic acts in times of somebody else needs. As anthropologist stressed, Bayahnihan is a practical response to both individual & community needs which, under certain circumstances would be difficult to achieve if people with meager means did not organize themselves and pull together their resource. The Ifugao people also have their versions of “bayanihan” displayed in everyday life and practiced throughout the ages. These bayanihan practices/ behavior comes out in various situations of need, surface in different terms and practiced in different ways, but all are geared towards helping one another surmount a certain calamity or challenge in life.

Title: Surmounting Calamities in the Philippine GIAHS Site

Author: Dr. Vicky C. Madangeng, Dr. Serafin L. Ngohayon, Mrs Generose S. Ognayon

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: The economic, political, social, scientific and technological changes that are taking place in the universe decide the prospects of any industry. The hotel industry is very much sensitive and change in any sphere of the universe or in any branch of human activity will immediately reflect upon this industry. Employees are primarily responsible for providing a sustainable competitive advantage for the hotels. Therefore, success in the hotels depends on managing and retaining employees. The hotel industry in India is facing a number of problems such as low occupancy rate, increasing competition, high taxes, increasing cost, fuel shortage and low profitability.

Keywords: hotel industry, competitive advantage, problems.

Title: Exertion Hindering the Escalation of Hotel Industry in India

Author: Kiruthiga .V, Magesh .R

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: This paper emphasizes the importance of swap transplants for living donor and recipient incompatible pairs. Swapping living donors for getting most compatible organs for the recipients has given hope to a number of donor recipient incompatible pairs across the world including India. Such donations ensure the recipients of living donor organs receive most compatible organs by swapping donors. This paper offers a glimpse of Indian scenario on swap transplantation. While challenging social, religious and political boundaries created by humans such swaps have united people and professionals across nations. This paper briefly describes Simple Living Donor Exchange Domino Transplant, Altruistic Donor Initiated Domino Transplant and Recipient Facilitated Domino Transplant.  This paper enumerates the advantages of swap and domino transplant and describes briefly domino heart, domino liver and domino kidney transplantation. This paper deliberates on simultaneous and non-simultaneous domino kidney transplantation and persuades all states to adopt THOA amendments 2011 so that the benefit of swap transplantation reaches to all incompatible donor recipient pairs all over the country. This paper identifies some challenges for making swap or paired donation possible in all the states and union territories. 

Keywords: Swap Transplant, Domino Transplant, Simple Living Donor Exchange Domino Transplantation, Altruistic Donor Initiated Domino Transplant, Recipient Facilitated Domino Transplant, Domino Liver Transplant, Domino Kidney Transplant, Domino Heart Transplant.

Title: Swap and Domino Organ Transplantation Transgressing Socio - Cultural and Political Boundaries

Author: REETA DAR (KHASHU)

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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<p style="\&quot;text-align:" justify;\"=""> Abstract: This article undertakes an empirical examination of the Nigerian labour market dominated by Nonstandard Work Arrangements (NSWAs) and unfair labour practices of employers. It raises the issue of how protective of workers is our labour law in these circumstances and what possible options are available for the protection of workers’ rights and guarantee of job security for the workers. The proliferation of NSWAs and unfair labour practices in work places in Nigeria has been a source of ongoing conflict among stakeholders in the Nigerian labour market. Globalisation and trade liberalisation have thrust on us the emergence of new forms of work arrangements, such as outsourcing, contract/agency work and casual work, which has contributed to the emergence of NSWAs. The paper contends that this form of employment relations and the prevalence of unfair labour practices in Nigeria have been exacerbated by the growing incidence of massive youth unemployment in Nigeria. The paper examines the adequacy of existing labour laws in Nigeria to checkmate NSWAs and unfair labour practices. It recommends proactive roles to be played by critical stakeholders in curbing NSWAs and unfair labour practices in Nigeria.

Keywords: Labour; Workers; Nonstandard; Unfair; Practices; Nigeria.

Title: Protecting Workers’ Rights in a Labour Environment Dominated By Nonstandard Work Arrangements and Unfair Labour Practices: An Empirical Study of Nigeria

Author: Martins Daniel

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: The explanation of X-Ray Diffraction in secondary schools is very standalone and becomes hard to apply to the context of experimental research. A simple and comprehensive explanation offers methods for educators to use in teaching secondary students about the contexts of X-Ray diffraction analysis. By offering derivations of the key formulas (i.e. Bragg’s Law) a step-by-step guide is provided to usher students into X-Ray Diffraction research from both analytical and societal perspectives. The discrepancy of mathematics allows students to truly dive into the applications and process of utilization of X-Rays, without being overwhelmed by the complexity. Looking at both hard condensed matter and soft matter, a large overview is given on the type of research that can be completed with X-Ray diffraction such as micro technology, forensic sciences, and structural analysis. Analyzing sodium chloride through diffraction analysis gives educators gradual examples to use for teaching. Scattering data is also touched upon, to overall give both the context and concept of X-Ray Diffraction research, which is quintessential to our understanding in many variant fields of science.

Keywords: Diffraction, X-Ray, Bragg’s Law, Lattice, Crystallography, and Constructive/Destructive Interference.

Title: X-Ray Diffraction: A Comprehensive Explanation for Multipurpose Research

Author: Adree Khondker, Shakir Lakhani

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: Environmental degradation poses a major threat to the existence of humanity today both in rural and urban settlements. In such a scenario, the importance and need for environmental education as a tool for environmental management and conservation cannot be overemphasized. This is because environmental literacy, attitude formation and participation in ecological behavior are the end products of environmental education. Kibera and Kasarani represent different settlements of Nairobi. The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between attitudes and level of participation in environmental activities amongst these two settlements in an urban area-Nairobi. The study involved a sample of three hundred and twenty secondary school students randomly selected from secondary schools in Kasarani and Kibera Divisions. Data was primarily collected using researcher developed questionnaires. Analysis of the data was done using SPSS. By calculating an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and a group statistic using P=0.05, the hypotheses postulated were tested and it was established that there is no significant difference, attitude and level of participation in environmental activities of secondary school students in Kasarani and Kibera Divisions. It was also found out that there is a positive relationship between attitude and ecological behavior.

Keywords: Environment, environmental Education, Environmental Attitude, Ecological Behavior and Environmental Participation.

Title: Environmental Attitudes and Ecological Behaviour among Students: A Case Sectudy of Kibera and Kasarani Division in Nairobi, Kenya

Author: Victor Boiyo, Prof. Michael Koech, Dr. Daniel Manguriu

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: Today’s communication field is highly focused on inventing new technologies both wired and wireless which will contribute in setting up of communication links with maximum performance and low errors as far as possible. In wireless technology, free space light communication technique has gained much attention and popularity of all researchers worldwide. This paper aims at providing the exact area which limits free space light communication, ways to overcome such limitations, designing of transmitter and receiver units and its advantages over existing technologies.

Keywords: Open Medium Optical Communication (OMOC), Field Effect Transistor (FET), VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser), Infrared Region (IR), Pseudo Random Code Generator (PRBS), Bit error rate (BER), Free Space Light Communication (FSLC), Avalanche photodiode (APD).

Title: Free Space Light Communication

Author: Pal Riya Bipradas Sanchita

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: We suggest a Linear Programming Model (LP) for optimal allocation of irrigation water for rice production at the Kpong Irrigation Scheme based on a set of fixed constraints and the maximization of the net returns. In this paper, the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is incorporated into a formulated LP Model. The main crop was rice but was factored into the LP Model as six (6) distinct crop categories on the basis of percentage of irrigation water utilized and the seasons in which they are grown. Comparison of results obtained by using existing farming plan and the LP Model show that results obtained from the LP Model were improvements on the existing farming plan. The LP Model saved 50% of irrigation water in both the major and minor seasons and also chalked an increment of 101.50% of the net returns.

Keywords: Linear Programming; System of Rice Intensification; Optimal Solution; Net Returns.

Title: Optimal Allocation of Irrigation Water for Rice Production in Ghana, Case Study: Kpong Irrigation Project (KIP)

Author: Johnson K. Ofori, Cephas Bosrotsi, Joseph Otoo

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: Effective teachers possess a variety of skills set that appear magically and enhances transplant of knowledge. The core of each developed skill of the teacher lays a chamber that holds remnants of reflection of what transpires during the process of teaching and learning. This paper sets out to validate if teachers are born or made for proper harness of the skills of teaching and learning. The effective teachers are not born with “it” but the “it” of an effective teacher could be developed through the reflection process over a period of time through induction coach of beginning teachers and afford the opportunity to guide, support and accelerate the crucial process of development. Effective teachers are indeed made and those who are born teach with numerous opportunities for instructional focused conversations of reflection. Quality induction programme proactively addressed the challenging realities that teachers face in their formative years. When teachers are provided with quality support they develop as reflective practitioners which accelerates their growth and a foundation for expectation for continued growth and excellence within the classroom is laid.

Keywords: Born or made teacher, effective teacher, harnessing the gains of efficiency and teaching and learning.

Title: The Born and the Made Teacher: Harmonizing the Gains of Both for Teaching Efficiency

Author: DR. (MRS.) FLORENCE UNDIYAUNDEYE         

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: The study looked into the performance of the students per year level and LET subject component. The study also identified the subject component where students performed well and poorly. The study also looked into the discrimination and difficulty indices to assess the validity and reliability of the items as instruments to measure achievement. The respondents covered all students who took the examination. The study used the descriptive – evaluative design. The instrument used was an achievement test which covered the subjects taken by the students for the current school year. Item analysis was done on the answers of the students. The data were treated statistically using means, percentages and ranking.The performance of the students was measured through the percentage of students who got the correct answer. The indices of difficulty and discrimination were also determined. The examinees registered an Average performance. The First Year examinees registered the highest level of performance. The examinees ranked highest in the Majorship Component of the examination.  In the Majorship Areas, the best performance was in English while the least was in Content Courses. Close to one-third of the items are of moderate difficulty. A little more than a half of the items are constructed well.

Keywords: performance, achievement test, college students, teacher education.

Title: Performance of Teacher Education Students in a College Achievement Test

Author: Lilia J. Hena, Ronato S. Ballado, Mae Joy T. Espinar   

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: Textiles are important parts of our lives from cradle to grave. The future of clothing is about to change in a big way, and smart textiles are paving the way for this change. Global world today needs innovative inter-disciplinary research in fashion by moving beyond traditional boundaries. Innovative medical textiles into which therapeutic substances can be integrated will play an important role in the treatment of wounds and skin. Fabrics that contain micro-fabricated bio-environments and biologically activated fibres will have genetically engineered bacteria incorporated into them. Nano technological developments as Nano-layer surface coating , Sol-gel technology  helps to prevent the formation of dangerous microorganisms on hospital and healthcare textiles, such as scrubs, uniforms, laboratory coats, curtains and gowns. Scientists are working on Nano electronic devices that can be embedded into textiles to provide special support systems for individuals in dangerous professions or sports. Smart clothing respond to the environmental changes and manifest their functions according to the change. The burgeoning interest in Nano technology opens a floodgate of opportunities for developing new and innovative products in the textile sector. To apply all the research in the multidisciplinary sector into a fashion needs a transforming methodology to make the innovation socially significant and meaningful.

Keywords:   Inter-disciplinary research, Innovative medical textiles, Nano technology, Smart textiles.

Title: Smart Fashion for the Future through Biotech and Nanotechnogy - An Overview

Author: Dr. Mamatha G Hegde

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1226 (online), ISSN 2348-1218 (print)

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