Vol 7 Issue 1 January 2019-March 2019

Abstract: Indian e-commerce is developing briskly with burgeoning demands amongst the consumers to buy different varieties of products from the pool offered globally. A contract plays a vital role in it and is the most sensitive and important in respect to legal matters of business. E-contract is a result of these growing electronic commercial businesses within this country. Elevation in technology, computer programs and the internet has diminished the communication barrier leading to wide acceptance of these contracts. E-contract have various advantages over the traditional contracts. The basis of such contracts includes parties, lawful object, lawful consideration, etc. and they are few essentials required for formation of legally enforceable electronic contracts.

The Indian Contract Act of 1872 regulates the traditional contract, however has shortcomings in regulating various aspects of electronic contracts. Some of these issues in respect to formation, authenticity of signature, etc. were solved with introduction of Information Technology Act, 2000.This present article deals with a precise explanation of E-contracts, contemporary issues faced by it, analysis of its enforceability in our country. This information will help to enshrine the challenges faced by electronic contracts, with judicial prospective over these scenarios.

Keywords: E-contract, enforceability, contemporary issues, Information Technology.

Title: E-CONTRACT IN INDIA: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

Author: Ayushi Singh, Sukhwinder Singh

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: This study is a descriptive phenomenology of the school issues and constraints specifically the small schools in Area IV of Leyte Division. It employed personal interview with the informants on what are the common constraints in their school. This further determined how the school heads as well as the teachers cope up with the constraints encountered. This study was not anchored to any theoretical basis for it may divulge irrelevance of the common constraints and issues of small Secondary Schools and the school heads; and to avoid bias and questions. Eventually, the researcher can justify the formulated theory based on the whole content and substance of this study was presented and explained in Chapter 6. The theory proved what training should be conducted. Values, knowledge, experience, and skill to their work, must be brought in. The understanding and appropriate application of emotional intelligence is key to effective leadership. As the challenges demands, and complexities of the school head’s role increase, this knowledge will continue to be the foundation of dynamic, successful, and informants’ testimony would tell that at the end point of the painstaking of the job what matters most to them is that they are happy to the result of their effort. It is recommended that the Department of Education will provide a training that would enhance the ability and skills of school heads to manage the school and enhance the personal relationship skills as the front lines of the school towards the stakeholder. Regular and meaningful in-service courses to be organized for head teachers to promote sharing of experiences, finding work solutions to problems-and providing forums for receiving advise and new information regarding curriculum/policy changes.

Keywords: Secondary Schools, School Heads, High Performance, Department of Education, Philippines.

Title: CONSTRAINTS AND ISSUES OF SMALL SECONDARY SCHOOLS AND THE SCHOOL HEADS: GEARING UP TOWARDS HIGH PERFORMANCE

Author: DR. VEVIAN D. SALAHID

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: Objective of present study was to examine the changes in different biochemical components in Fissidens biformis when it was exposed to Cu or Cd stress at various concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400ppm for Cu and 5, 10, 15, 20ppm for Cd) for prolonged number of days (10, 20 and 30). F. biformis when exposed to Cu the amino acids, proteins and phenols have shown significant acceleration in their contents on 10^th, 20^th and 30^th day till 200ppm and on 20^th day till 400ppm only in amino acids and proteins. On 30^th day decrease in content was observed in 400ppm in amino acids, in 300 and 400ppm in proteins and phenols. Whereas in case of protease, acid phosphatase and peroxidase there was increase in activity during all the days up to 300ppm and the decrease in activity was observed from 20^th day at 400ppm till 30^th day compared to control. The presence of content observed in control remained almost same in all the components. Cd being non-essential and much toxic even in low concentrations, has shown comparatively less increase in amino acids, protein and phenolic content as well as protease, acid phosphatase and peroxidase activity till 10^th day in almost all the concentrations, and thereafter a significant decrease in all the components was observed at all the concentrations on 20^th and 30^th day.

After examining the changes in F. biformis during prolonged exposure to both the metals, the net amount of Cu (92.85ppm) and Cd (0.32ppm) absorbed by F. biformis has also been examined using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer).

Keywords: Moss, Heavy metals, Copper, Cadmium, Biochemical parameters, AAS (Atomic absorption spectrometer).

Title: Effect of Cu and Cd on some biochemical components of Fissidens biformis Mitt

Author: Vibha, Sunita Kapila

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: Idli is a traditional fermented rice and black gram based food. Idli batter was prepared by soaking of parboiled rice and decorticated black gram for 6 to 8 h at 30±10C in water. The present study is focused on hastening of fermentation process in idli batter by incorporation of pearl millet resistant starch (PMRS). Pearl millet resistant starch (5% and 10%) was incorporated into idli batter and its quality was evaluated. Control and resistant starch incorporated idli batter were fermented at room temperature, physico- chemical and microbiological properties were analyzed. Nutrients, texture and sensory evaluation were carried out for control idli as well as RS incorporated idli . The pH and total titratable acidity of control batter at 12 h was 5.70 and 0.20% respectively, however RS 5% and 10% incorporated batter were found to be 5.65, 0.31% and 5.61, 0.35% respectively. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) count was increased in RS (Resistant starch) incorporated batter. RS incorporated idli had higher protein and fiber content compared to control idli. Incorporation of RS at 5% and 10% in idli batter improved the texture and appearance of the idli and it also had better nutritional quality compared to control idli.

Keywords: Idli batter; incorporation of pearl millet resistant starch; fermentation; nutrition; sensory evaluation.

Title: Hastening of idli batter fermentation using Pearl millet resistant starch

Author: P.Manimegalai, R.Parimalavalli

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: This work seeks to combine three concepts – Corporate University, Holistic Education and the Blue Ocean Strategy. The goal is to create a learning model that incorporates the overall development of the individual students, their fitment training with the corporate sector through a model based on the ERRC framework. This study seeks to propose the five perspectives of holistic education model, as applicable to the industry as an employer and students as the future employees. The applications are industry agnostic and can have a far reaching impact. Researchers of blue ocean strategy are convinced that the only way to win the competition is stop trying to win the competition! Instead of entering into a bloody competition of the Red Ocean, enter the infinite market space of the Blue Ocean and try to create new demands.

Keywords: Blue Ocean, Red Ocean, FABS, ERRC Model.

Title: Creating a Blue Ocean in Management Education: Adaptations of the Corporate University Concept to the Indian Management Education System

Author: Ashfaq Ul Ahad, Dr. Shivakant Upadhyaya

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: The study explores the relation between usage of social media and self esteem among college students. A survey method is used for conducting the study. The population of the study is arts and science under graduate college students from Malappuram district, Kerala state. The sample selected for the study is a total number of 122 arts and science under graduate college students that have been selected through a stratified random sampling. The tool used for study to assess self esteem is Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale. Usage of social media assessed by a four point scale Social Media Usage Questionnaire developed by the researcher. The tool has 25 items from the dimensions of purpose of usage of social media, pattern of usage, frequency of usage and time spend on social media. The statistical techniques used for analysing the data are mean, standard deviation, t-test and correlation. The study found a negative correlation between usage of social media and self esteem among college students. It is also found that there is significant difference in usage of social media based on gender and locale and there is no significant difference in usage of social media based on stream of subjects. It is also found there is significant difference in self esteem based on gender and no significant difference is found based on locale and stream of subjects among college students. The study discusses some needed measures to instigate judicious use of social media that can enhance the self esteem among college students.

Keywords: Social Media, Usage of Social Media, Self Esteem, College Students.

Title: Usage of Social Media and Self Esteem among College Students

Author: Abdunnazar PT

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: Samples of maize, millet and sorghum were collected from strategic grain reserve facilities located in eight states in Nigeria, while cowpea samples were collected from local open markets in Kano, Lagos and Akwa Ibom States of Nigeria. The samples were screened for the presence of fifteen pesticides (permethrin, bifenthrin, lamda-cyhalothrin, dicchlorvos, cypermethrin, DDT, parathion, malathion, aldrin, paraquat, diquart, chlordane, toxaphene, imidacoprid, actamiprid) using ultra high pressure liquid chromatography- coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). The EPA Method 3540C solvent system in a Soxhlet extractor was applied for sample extraction and the method validation was satisfactory. Three pesticides were detected, viz permethrin, cypemethrin and dichlorvos and quantitative analyses of the pesticides, and their degradation products was carried out using gas chromatography coupled with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and UPLC-MS. Spike recovery/reproducibility for GC-ECD was 90%,with LOD of 0.138ppm and LOQ of 0.46ppm. seven samples exceeded the WHO and FAO permissible levels for permethrin using GC-ECD, 14 samples exceeded the permissible levels of permethrin using UPLC-MS. 16 grain samples indicated the the presence of dichlorvos but below LOQ while 6 samples indicated the presence of cypermethrin but below LOQ.  All cowpea samples had dichlorvos  levels that exceeded the permissible levels by WHO and FAO (CODEX Alimentarius).  Degradation products of permethrin and cypermethrin were detected in some samples.  These results indicate the need for action to be taken to allow the revision of practices in the administration of pesticides during both cropping and storage of grain in Nigeria to reduce risks of pesticide poisoning.

Keywords: Pesticide residue, degradation product, Strategic grain reserve facility, Maize, millet, Sorghum, cowpea, GC-ECD, UPLC-MS.   

Title: Assessment Of Levels Of Pesticide Residues And Their Degradation Products In Selected Grains From The Strategic Grain Reserve Facilities In Nigeria

Author: Senge Florence Ekanem, Abdulrahman. A. Audu, Marya Lieberman

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: Work-family conflicts are innate and resultant of today’s work culture for employees, their families, and work organizations. Should this scenario be changed? There are no evidences prevailing to prove the existence of Organizational policies or any initiatives succeed in minimizing work-family conflict. The researcher had made an effort to investigate the relationship between work family Conflict and Organizational commitment. The statistical software package SPSS 16.0 has been used for data analysis with the help of statistical tools ANOVA, Correlation and stepwise regression. Analyses clearly demonstrates that the work family conflict negatively affects the Organizational Commitment, and any change in balancing work family conflict might increase the Commitment and thereby increasing productivity. This study points out the importance of balancing work family conflict, understanding of commitment and improvement of productivity. Suggestion has been given that the peer group of organizations should consider the factor of work family conflict in organizational scenario and need to take adequate steps to improve Organizational commitment to reduce the clash between work and family commitments.

Keywords: Work Family Conflict, Organizational Commitment, Productivity, Affective Commitment, Normative Commitment, Continuance Commitment, Organizational Psychology.

Title: ANALYSIS OF WORK FAMILY CONFLICT AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AS A FACTOR OF PRODUCTIVITY AMONG IT EMPLOYEES

Author: Dr. Mekhala. R.S

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: A descriptive study was conducted to determine the influence of international standards’ implementation and compliance to institutional productivity of ISO 9001:2008 certified Higher Education Institutions in Panay island. A researcher-made questionnaire based on ISO manual was administered to 242 respondents who were administrators, deans, quality assurance managers and faculty of these educational institutions. Results revealed that the implementation of with the (=4.27) and compliance with the (=4.71) international standards, as to position, type of school and certifying body were very high. No significant difference was found in the implementation of international standards as to, position, type of school and certifying body. The level of institutional productivity was very high for instruction with the (=3.50)   and extension ( =3.62) but only high with the ( =3.18) for research. A (p value= 0.100) entailed no significant correlations between the extent of implementation of and level of compliance with international standards and the level of institutional productivity as viewed by the administrators however, significant correlations with a ( p value=0.000) were noted by the faculty respondents.

Keywords: Institutional Productivity, International Standards.

Title: Implementation of and Compliance with International Standards: Influence on Institutional Productivity

Author: Ana Maria P. Denosta

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: In this modern world, the finance has become imperative factor for financial eco system to be efficient with that the investment has also equal importance and it’s an opportunity for every business and individual, one among them is option. Option pricing is a crucial factor for hedging and speculative activates. Value determination plays a decisive role for an option writer in financial eco system to maintain the balance and stability for the investors. Where Black-Scholes option pricing model is a widely accepted by the investor and research community for check the reliability European options pricing which available in the market. this study is an attempt to test empirically the relevance of B-Scholes options pricing model in Indian Derivative market with specific reference to select metal stock options. Results of the paired sample T-test revealed that there is no significant difference between the expected option prices calculated thorough Black-Scholes Model and market price of options for majority call option contacts but visa versa for put option contacts, in three out of six cases. It can be inferred that model is relevant for metal stocks. So the investor can always employ the B-Scholes model for their investment strategies.

Keywords: Finance, Eco system, option, call, put, Black-Scholes, model, investor.

Title: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF OPTION PRICING BY USING BLACK-SCHOLES MODEL FOR SELECT STOCKS OPTIONS FROM INDIAN STOCK OPTION MARKET

Author: Asst.prof. SRIYANK LEVI, Asst. Prof. BR NARASIHA MURTHY, Asst.prof. SARAH MERLYN

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: The objective of the mixing process of rubber compounds in an internal mixer is to blend the ingredients of the formulation into a uniform, well dispersed mix. Hence the mixing sequence and parameters are designed to assure batch to batch uniformity, fast reduction of viscosity and to make the most efficient use of time, power and equipment for optimum productivity. This research aims at showing a better way of achieving reduced viscosity using optimized mixing sequence and parameters by comparing the usual approach of temperature controlled mixing and energy controlled mixing in the internal mixer. The effects of the various mixing conditions, sequence of addition of ingredients and internal mixer parameters were observed in terms of time, dump temperature, energy used and Mooney viscosity of the compounds. The results show that the application of energy controlled mixing criteria as a priority in place of temperature controlled mixing criteria, with properly optimized sequence of addition of ingredients  and control of internal mixer  parameters (temperature, energy, RPM  and  ram pressure) is an effective method of controlling compound viscosity.

Keywords: viscosity, energy, temperature, mixing control, rubber compounds.

Title: Effect of Sequence of Mixing and Internal Mixer Parameters on the Viscosity of Compounds for Tire Components

Author: Oluwatobi Elijah Akindele, Thomas Kurian, Umesh Gopi

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: Agricultural productivity is something on which economy exceptionally depends. This is the one reason that disease detection in plants plays an important part in agriculture field, as having disease in plants are very natural. If proper care isn't taken here then it causes genuine consequences for plants and because of which respective product quality, quantity or productivity is affected. Detection of plant disease through some automated system is valuable as it reduces an extensive work of monitoring in huge farms of crops, and at beginning period itself it detects the symptoms of diseases i.e. when they show up on plant leaves.In this paper, we propose a novel frameworkto recognize plant leaf disease in combination of K-means clustering and Neural Network Algorithm. The proposed technique successfully identify and classify the infected plant leaves.

Keywords: Feature Extraction, Dicot Plant Disease, Monocot Plant Disease, Pre-Processing, Segmentation, Classifier.

Title: Machine Learning Based Segmentation Technique of Detection of Fungal Diseases in Plants

Author: Roshni gupta, AP. Mr. Ankit Arora

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: Communication is the exchanging of messages, thoughts or information, as by talk, visuals, signs, composing, or direct. In need of a hearing aide and unfit to talk people impart among themselves using gesture based communications, anyway they believe that it’s difficult to open themselves to the outside world. This paper proposes a visual based system for Communication among in need of a hearing aide and unfit to talk people with the outside world using computers. This procedure utilizes Indian correspondence by means of gestures hand motions given by the customer as commitment through webcam and is changed over into a text. Not in any manner like the normal procedure for hand signal affirmation which makes usage of gloves or markers or some different devices, this technique does not require any additional hardware and makes the customer pleasant. Profitability is practiced by using a mix of different algorithm together to extract features as opposed to relying upon a single algorithm.

Keywords: Neural Network, Feature Extarction, Computer Vision, Sign Language.

Title: Sign Language Based Hand Gesture Character Recognition Using Neural Network      

Author: Sarita Yadav, AP. Mr. Ankit Arora

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: This paper seeks to study on Capital Structure (CS) and Profitability (P) of   Textile Industry in India.. The objectives of this paper to examine the factors affecting (CS)  and (P). This study is to find out relationship between (CS) and (P) of textile industry.  27Textile Industry have been considered for the analysis. The period of has been considered for 10 years from 2005-06 to 2014-15. Descriptive statistics, Regression analysis and correlation analysis have been used as statistical tools.  Four independent variables (DER, STD, LTD, and ICR) and three dependent variables (ROA, ROE, and ROCE) have been tested using regression analysis. The study found that factors such as Capital Structure (DER, STD, LTD, and ICR) have significant impact on profitability of the textile firm in  India during the period of  study.

Keywords:  Capital Structure, Profitability, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Return on Capital Employed.   Textile Industry. Capital Structure Ratio.

Title: A STUDY ON CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND PROFITABILITY: EVIDENCE FROM TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN INDIA

Author: Dr. N. S. PANDEY, Dr. B.B. MANSURI, Dr. MEENU PANDEY, S. VASANTHARAJAN

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: The kinetics of the degradation of nitro phenol isomers (2-nitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol) with the hydrogen peroxide photolysis, photo-Fenton and photocatalysis was investigated. The efficiency for the studied treatments were evaluated and compared. The Fenton reagent was found to be the most efficient way for the nitrophenols (NPs) degradation. The degradation of the organic compounds was determined spectrophotome trically and TOC can be identified by standard COD determination method. The degradation and detoxification of the processes have been found to adhere first order kinetics. As per refractory nature of nitrophenols the order of their mineralization was found as 4-NP>2-NP>3-NP. All the degradation processes were carried out in a batch photo reactor.  

Keywords: AOP, Nitrophenols, UV radiation, Photo-Fenton, Photo catalysis, Hydrogen peroxide.

Title: Detoxification and Mineralization of Nitrophenol Isomers Using Photo-assisted Processes in Batch Reactor

Author: Arvind Kale, M.K.N. Yenkie

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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