Vol 8 Issue 4 October 2020-December 2020

Abstract: The study sought to evaluate the effect of interest rate on external reserves of Nigeria. This study which originates from the master’s thesis of the author is based on a cointegration approach. The analysis was based on time series data spanning from 1981 to 2014. The findings of the study show that real interest rate is significant in determining external reserves. Therefore, the Government of Nigeria should employ measures that will ensure moderate inflation that is price stability. Strenthening of monetary policies should be the focus of the Central Bank as it plays a major role in the accumilation of external reserves.

Keywords: Interest Rate, External Reserves, Interest Rate Parity Theory, Liquidity Preference Theory.

Title: INTEREST RATE AND EXTERNAL RESERVES OF NIGERIA: A COINTEGRATION APPROACH

Author: Malgit Amos Akims

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: Experiments were carried out to establish optimum culture condition and to identify the most responsive explants for regeneration of Brassica oleraceae L. var Capitata through plant tissue culture system. The experiment was induced by manipulating various growth regulators during organogenesis using stems, petioles, leaves and roots as explants. The experimental design of this study was Complete Randomized Design (CRD) method. For shoot regeneration using different concentrations of BAP and NAA, the most responsive explant was stem explants in which MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L NAA produced 8.400 ± 0.889 shoots per explant. Whereas, for root regeneration using different concentrations of BAP and NAA, the most responsive explant was leaf in which MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L NAA produced 51.133 ± 2.929 roots per explant. This research showed that a morphogenesis study of Brassica oleraceae L. var Capitata through tissue culture system was successfully achieved. This study could lead to the better research and development (R&D) for vegetables in the future.

Keywords: morphogenesis, in vitro, Murashige and Skoog medium, callus, plantlets.

Title: IN VITRO GROWTH RESPONSE OF EXPLANTS AND MICROPROPAGATION OF Brassica oleraceae L. var Capitata

Author: Daud, N. F., Hasbullah, N. A., Azis, N.A., Rasad, F.M., Lassim, M.M

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic poses an extraordinary challenge to the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) sector since this sector mostly comprises ‘offline’ enterprises relying on personal interaction and have much lower reserves of liquidity and less access to credit. The nationwide lockdown since 24th March 2020 is, therefore, certainly bound to break the back of the MSME sector. Given the widespread presence of MSMEs in the industrial and service sectors, the lockdown will have major interruption in the form of job losses, factory closures, manpower shortages in the urban areas due to the mass exodus witnessed during the early days of lockdown, increased bankruptcy and export order cancellations. The magnitude of the impact of COVID-19 has made many international organizations calling out for massive governmental support. A study carried out by ILO estimates the worst case scenario to be 24.7 million workers losing jobs, and the report mentions that “sustaining business operations will be particularly difficult for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)”. A survey carried out by MSME industry associations in Tamil Nadu reports 44.7% revenue shortfall during the lockdown period. Given the smaller scale of operations and low level of digitalization, such entities may not be in an immediate position to adopt new technology and tele-working. Therefore, it becomes imperative on the part of government and financial sector to develop and implement multiple support systems for the enterprises in this sector.

Keywords: Liquidity, manpower, bankruptcy, digitalization, tele-working, support systems.

Title: Challenges and Opportunities for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

Author: Dr. Moumita Banerjee

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: This paper examines curriculum and program enrichment for persons with disabilities in Borno. The concept of curriculum and enrichment was discussed with its development and implementation added among others includes curriculum and program enrichment for various categories of persons with disabilities. Meaning of Curriculum enrichment as well as factors to be considered in enriching the curriculum are discussed with emphasis on resources (human, finance and materials), implementation (methods, skills), evaluation and monitoring. Based on the discussion, recommendations among others are made. Head teachers should ensure for effective implementation of enriched curriculum with adequate materials, making the instruction a practical oriented one, through the use of concrete objects.

Keywords: curriculum and program enrichment, (human, finance and materials), (methods, skills).

Title: CURRICULUM AND PROGRAMME ENRICHMENT FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN BORNO STATE

Author: Garba Usman Dala

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: This paper highlights and explains in detail the causes of fallen standard of teaching and teacher education in Nigeria, and finally suggests the ways to uplift the standard in the country. It was discovered that   government failure to implement the 26% of its total annual budget on education upon which the listed problems will be catered for like: inadequate number of schools of international standard, considering the rapid increase in population of the country and lack of adequate qualify /professional teachers. Other factors include: corruption and examination misconduct. It was recommended that government should implement the 26% educational share in the national budget in order to adequately address monetary challenges. The other factor addressed is Nigerians positive attitudinal changes towards corruption/examination misconduct.

Keywords: Education, Teaching, Educational Standard and Training.

Title: Problems and Prospects of Uplifting the Standard of Teaching Education in Nigeria

Author: Audu Yusuf, Salihu Saleh, Ibrahim Musa Bwala, Mohammed Fori

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: In this article, a new multiplication of fractional functions and chain rule for fractional derivatives are used to obtain the general solution of exact fractional differential equation (FDE), regarding the Jumarie type of modified Riemann-Liouville (R-L) fractional derivatives. Furthermore, an example is given for demonstrating the advantage of our result.

Keywords: New multiplication, Fractional functions, Chain rule, Exact FDE, Jumarie type of modified R-L fractional derivatives.

Title: A Study of Exact Fractional Differential Equations

Author: Chii-Huei Yu

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: It has been proved that there is a definite increase in the total nitrogen content of legumes when inoculated with specific bacterial culture of the right type and efficiency. Inoculation is the process of mixing the most appropriate Bactria with benefits are derived from the symbiotic association green manure crops have the ability to fix gaseous nitrogen from the air with the oid of rhizobia which live in the nodutes on the roots of the begume plants. Therefore, it becomes necessary to inoculate the legume seeds with beneficial strains of proper root nodule bacteria.

Keywords: nitrogen, green manure, plants, necessary, bacteria.

Title: RHIZOBIAL IMMUNITY THROUGH GREEN MANURE: AN ENHANCED INOCULATED TECHNIQUE FOR ORGANIC FERTILIZERS PROCESSING

Author: Dr. Menka Sisodia

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: Field experiments were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Crop Production and Horticulture, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola during the 2009 and 2010 raining seasons to study the effects of intercropping ratio on the growth and yield of groundnut- maize inter-cropped. Treatments consisted of four intercropping ratio (1:1, 2:1, 2:2, and 3:2) while 1:1 is one row of groundnut alternated with one row of maize, 2:1 is two rows of groundnut alternated with one row of maize, 2:2 is two rows of groundnut alternated with two rows of maize and 3:2 is three rows of groundnut alternated with two rows of maize arranged in a split plot design and replicated three times. Parameters measured includes: number of branches and number of leaves/plant, plant height, stem and cob diameter, number of pods/plant, 100 pods and seed weight/plot, weight of ears/plot, 100 grain weight/plot and seed and grain yield/hectare, forage and stover weight/plot, were measured. The result of the study show that there were significant differences among the intercropping ratio on growth parameters measured. Stem diameter and bunch height shows significant influence due to intercropping pattern. Yield parameters such as number of pods/plant and cob diameter were significant at p≤0.01 by intercropping ratio. Based on the result obtained it shows that groundnut – maize intercropped ratio of 2:2 and 3:2 gave the optimum yield in the two years study in Yola. Farmers in Yola and its environs are therefore advised to adopt 2:2 and 3:2 groundnut – maize intercropped ratio for optimum pod, seeds and grains yield of groundnut and maize.

Keywords: Growth, yield, intercrop and ratio.

Title: GROWTH AND YIELD OF GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogea (L.)) AND MAIZE (Zea mays (L.)) AS INFLUENCED BY INTERCROP RATIO IN YOLA, ADAMAWA STATE.

Author: Teme, G. T. and Talaka, A.

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: Field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of the Department of Crop Production and Horticulture, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola during 2010 and 2011 raining seasons to study rates of propanil for weed control in rice (Oriza sativa (L.)) at Yola Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. The experimental design used was split plot. The treatments were five propanil rates (0 kg a. i. /ha, 2 kg a. i. /ha, 4 kg a. i. /ha, 6 kg a. i. /ha and 8 kg a. i. /ha) assigned to sub plots and were replicated four times. Data collected were establishment count, crop vigour, plant height, weed count, weed dry weight, number of productive tillers, number of grains per panicle, grain yield (kg/ha) and 1000-grains weight. The data collected was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) appropriate to split plot design as described by Gomez and Gomez (1984). Means were separated using least significance difference (LSD) at 5% probability level. The result revealed that all the parameters measured (establishment count, crop vigour, plant height, wed count, weed cover, wed dry weight, number of productive tillers, number of grains per panicle, 1000-grains weight and yield (kg/ha)) were significantly affected. Effect of propanil rates on establishment count, crop vigour, plant height, at 30 DAS, weed count and weed dry weight revealed that 0 kg a. i. /ha proved the best while yield parameters measured revealed that 4 kg a. i. /ha proved the best in two years raining season followed by 6 kg a. i. /ha. Effect of propanil rates on yield parameters revealed that propanil rate of 4 kg a. i. /ha proved the best. Based on the result obtained, it can be concluded that propanil rate of 4 kg a. i. /ha should be adopted in rice fields in Yola and its surrounding environs within the same ecological zone.

Keywords: Evaluation, rates of propanil, and weed control.

Title: EVALUATION OF RATES OF PROPANIL FOR WEED CONTROL IN RICE (Oriza sativa (L.)) AT YOLA, NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA OF NIGERIA

Author: Talaka, A.

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: This paper presents the University Library Users and their views about web 2.0 such as Social networking, Social Media, It is a survey through Maharashtra University Library users, such as what they use, times spends on web 2.0 tools, which are their preferred tools and purpose of using these web 2.0 tools, their expectation from library services.  This paper Library and Information Professional could suggest deciding upgrades their services to reach the users.

Keywords: Web 2.0, Social Media, Information Services, University Library services, Facebook, Youtube, User Behaviour.

Title: WEB 2.0 TOOLS APPLICATIONS AND UNIVERSITY LIBRARY USERS: A SURVEY

Author: Mr. S. A. Dhande, Dr. R. R. Paithnkar

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: Located in Southwest China, Guiyang and Chengdu are two spatially close cities. Hence, their housing markets may move together due to similar macro-regulative policies, short geographical distance, and close trade ties. This paper tested for structural breaks and long-run equilibria for the new housing markets in Guiyang and Chengdu. Data were monthly house price indices over the period from January 2007 to December 2018. We conducted ADF, PP tests, and Perron tests (Model C). Cointegration tests used the Engle-Granger and Johansen methods. We found a long-run relationship, which may be attributed to busy business exchanges and frequent population migration. Guiyang’s home prices were weakly exogenous. In the long run, the 1% change in the price in Guiyang leads to a 0.43% growth in Chengdu. A uni-directional causal effect was suggested running from Chengdu to Guiyang. In the short run, the 1% change in the price in Chengdu leads to a 0.16% growth in Guiyang. Both in the long and the short run, home investors may not gain from a portfolio across these two cities. Evidence shows that policy shocks can change price trends.

Keywords: House price, long run, market, dynamic, Granger causality, ECM model.

Title: The effect of Geographical Space and Policy Shocks on Urban House Prices

Author: Gao- lu Zou

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: Community sensitisation influences not only public policy direction but the general behaviour of an individual or group or a community in a number of settings. This article examines how community sensitisation contributes to efficient use of wood fuel energy in a rural community in northern Uganda. We rely on primary data collected from Amugu Sub County, Alebtong district where majority of the members in the community relies heavily on wood fuel for household energy requirements. Our results reveal that community sensitisation through mass media, training and dialogue meetings has the potential to lead to efficient use of wood fuel energy in the area of study and beyond. however, the success of these strategies require frequent dialogue meeting with the local leaders and community members of Amugu Sub County on a monthly basis; training of the communities on efficient use of wood fuel energy as the majority reported having not participated in any training and the government to subsidise cost for radio talk shows on efficient use of wood fuel energy.

Keywords: Wood fuel, dialogue meetings, community sensitisation, mass media.   

Title: THE CONTRIBUTION OF COMMUNITY SENSITIZATION ON EFFICIENT USE OF WOODFUEL ENERGY IN ALEBTONG LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Author: Moses Omara, Dr. David mwesigwa

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: Extant provisions of Uganda’s local economic development seek to promote a rural development strategy through diverse sector initiatives built in the structures of local governments as grassroots units. Since its recommendation, by the Joint Annual review of decentralisation in 2006 as well as the pilot initiatives conducted by Family Development Support Initiatives, United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) and Kasese District Local Government, local governments continue to be supportive of LED promotion activities. All indicators point to a not-so-pleasant situation occasioned by dearth pf progressive farmers except political farmers. The data collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire indicates that the political farmer has an upper hand over a majority in the country, which is one of the contributory factors to both inequities in the agricultural sector as well as frustrating the vision behind LED strategy. The puzzle, since the adoption of LED, is the failure of the government to beat inequity, which is structural in nature, in a way frustrates the political farmer from becoming successful due to resources they have access to rather than through diligence. While there are requisite policy provisions that mandate local governments to ascertain the active poor before selecting beneficiaries for direct interventions such youth livelihood programme, a number of local governments have failed to uphold transparency. Using a case study approach, this study argues that the failure of local governments to be transparent aggravates the prevailing LED crisis in Uganda. The study concludes that policy implementation where the political farmer prevails will relegate LED to an imaginary strategy of poverty reduction.

Keywords: Political farmer, Local Economic Development, farming.

Title: DECONSTRUCTING LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE POLITICAL FARMER IN MID-WESTERN UGANDA

Author: Dr. David Mwesigwa

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: In stressful and competitive social life people try to live fit in all possible ways. Their effort to live physically as well as mentally fit gives success and happiness in the life. With objective to see the effect of psychosocial stressors on children and adolescents of ages between 8 years to 14 years from middle and low socio-economic family. The major criteria to qualify as a sample was that the sample should be with subnormal intelligence (IQ >70 & <90) and with low self-esteem. A group of total 32 children and adolescents could be taken as a sample for this research which was found with help of administering Binet- Kamat Test of intelligence and Rosenberg self-esteem Scale. Developmental psychopathology Checklist was applied on each 32 children and adolescents. The data was analysed using product moment correlation method with help of statistical software, named Python panda. The research finding shows that psycho-social stressors affect the children and adolescents negatively irrespective to their age, gender and socio-economic conditions. The children and adolescents having low self-esteem with the intellectually subnormal condition may develop psychopathic symptoms. This research also reveals that males are more prone to develop psychopathic symptoms. Similarly, children are found more sensitive toward psychosocial stressor to develop psychopathology and middle-class children and adolescents are more prone to develop psychopathology than the low socio-economic status.

Keywords:  Psychosocial stressors, Low self-esteem, Psychopathology, Intellectually- subnormal.   

Title: Low self Esteem and Psychopathology in Children with Subnormal Intelligence

Author: Prachi Sharma, Dinesh Panchal

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: XRD analysis is used to identify the crystalline phases present in a material and thereby reveal chemical composition information. X-ray diffraction is useful for evaluating minerals, polymers, corrosion products, and unknown materials. In most cases, samples are analyzed by powder diffraction using samples prepared as finely ground powders.  XRD analysis is performed by directing an x-ray beam at a sample and measuring the scattered intensity as a function of the outgoing direction, also called a diffraction pattern. The diffraction pattern characterize the crystal structure. X-Ray Diffraction analysis is used to determine crystalline structure parameters. The XRD measurements of all the samples have been carried out and characterized by 2.2 kw sealed Bruker D8 Advance X-ray diffractometer available at UGC DAE CSR, Indore, India. The data of all these samples have been processed by Origin computer software. The crystallite size and lattice parameter of the copper (II) mixed ligand complexes with 2-amino-3-hydroxypicolinamide have been reported.

Keywords: Diffraction, copper, crystallite size, lattice parameter.

Title: XRD Analysis of Copper (II) Mixed Ligand Complexes with 3-hydroxypicolinamide and Determination of Crystallite Size and Lattice Parameters

Author: A. Rammaiya, N. Parsai, P. Sharma, A. Mishra

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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