Vol 3 Issue 1 January 2015-March 2015

Abstract: Vitamin D, obesity and obesity-related chronic disease among ethnic minorities'. Ethnic minorities had substantially greater rates of vitamin D insufficiency ([25 (OH)D]<50 nmol/L) than their white counterparts. The aim of the present study is assess  vitamin D status in Saudi obese women to predict the biochemical changes and insulin level. Two hundred seventy one Saudi women, aged between 20-40 years, living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia , in CEOR clinic. [25 (OH)D], fasting serum glucose, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG). By using Automatic Linear Regression, serum [25(OH)D] was displayed as a predictive factor of obesity at (P< 0.018, importance 8%). showed the importance predictors the effect on BMI. It reflects the importance of each of the significant variables, along with the effect direction and the P-value. The model accuracy was found to be a very high accurate value with accuracy (91.7%). The significant variables arranged in descending order of importance were as follows: Tissue fat (22%), HC (19%), BMC (17%), fat free (11%), A/G ratio (10%), serum [25(OH)D] (8%), WHR (5%), Tissue (4%) and LDL (4%). It was conclude that, serum [25(OH)D] was presented as a predictive factor of obesity at .The model accuracy was found to be a very high accurate .

Keywords:  Obesity- vitamin D- Biochemical changes

Title: Predication of Biochemical Changes and Vitamin D Level in Obese Women

Author: AlbaikMM, Jalal JA, Ardawi MS, Said S. Moselhy

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Obesity and Vitamin D deficiency are now considered a morbidity phenomenon prevalent in the whole world. Moreover, obese subjects are known to have lower vitamin D levels compared to non-obese subjects. The objective of the current study is evaluate vitamin D status in obese women in Saudi Arabia through serum [25(OH)D] and to predict the factors that contribute to vitamin D influence. Moreover, predictive model for body mass index (BMI) was built for Saudi women.Two hundred seventy one Saudi women, aged between 20-40 years, living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia were conducted with this study. Women were stratified according to their body mass index (BMI) into overweight with 25-<30 kg/m2 and obese with BMI ≥30 kg/m2.The results of the present study showed that prevalence of obesity was estimated by 52.1% (29.2% overweight and 22.9% obese) while the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in control group (43.8% and 46.9%, respectively), overweight group (44.3% and 49.4%, respectively) and obese group (59.7% and 32.3%, respectively) giving overall deficiency and insufficiency in all women (47.6% and 44.3%, respectively) regardless of BMI. Furthermore, our result showed that serum [25(OH)D] has no significant difference between the studied women in relation to their BMI unless classifying our data to three vitamin D levels into (deficiency serum [25(OH)D] <24.9, insufficiency 25-74.9 and sufficiency ≥75 nmol/L). After this classification, a negative association was shown between serum [25(OH)D] and BMI for only the sufficient group in obese women. However, our results showed that serum [25(OH)D] was presented as a predictive factor of obesity at (P< 0.018, importance 8%) with accuracy (91.7%). The significant variables arranged in descending order of importance were as follows: Tissue fat (22%), HC (19%), BMC (17%), fat free (11%), A/G ratio (10%), serum [25(OH)D] (8%), WHR (5%),

Tissue (4%) and LDL (4%).In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are rather highly prevalent among Saudi women regardless obesity. Obese women are advised to control their weights and to do routine vitamin D assessment.

Keywords: Obese- bone health- vitamin D

Title: Correlation between Serum Vitamin D Status and Bone Health in Obese Women

Author: AlbaikMM, Jalal JA, Ardawi MS, Said S. Moselhy

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the major causes of village chickens losses and to evaluate the level of awareness on the consequence of Newcastle disease (ND) among village poultry farmers in Bauchi State, North Eastern Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was used for interviewing farmers. Results generated from 145 total respondents to questionnaire survey revealed that most of the village chicken farmers in Bauchi State are males (85.5%) while few are females (14. 5%). There was significant statistical difference (P< 0.05) among gender (sex) of total respondents. It was also determined that village chicken farmers in Bauchi State rear their flocks under the extensive system (70.3%) where birds are left to scavenge for food while few (6.2%) practice intensive system. This is thought to expose them to various types of diseases including ND. Among the village poultry reared by farmers in Bauchi State, village chickens (47.6%) are reported to dominate the flock poultry population while turkey (4.8%) is the least. Most village chicken farmers in Bauchi State, especially those living in remote villages provide shelter in forms of raffia baskets (44.8%) for their flock to roost at night and make nest for laying eggs, this is thought to predispose the birds to predators and harsh weather conditions, very few farmers construct modern poultry cages (3.4%) for their birds. The major cause of village chickens losses in Bauchi State is disease (75.9%) while the least is loss due automobile accidents (0.0%) as reported by farmers. The clinical signs of sickness in village poultry especially village chickens as reported by respondents include diarrhea (36.6%) and twisting of the head and neck (20.0%). These signs are consistent with those of clinical cases of ND infections in poultry. Village chickens disease is most prevalent during the dry harmattan season (77.2%) than the wet rainy season (22.8%).  Village chicken farmers in Bauchi State usually take their birds to the market to sell (65.5%) during disease outbreaks in order to reduce economic loss, these no doubt amplify transmission of ND among poultry of different species in the same market place, however only few farmers attempt to treat sick birds using all sort of ethnoveterinary substances (8.3%) which at most times yield unsuccessful results. Most village chicken farmers in Bauchi State are not aware (68.3%) of the consequences of ND infection and they are deficient of sufficient idea on how to prevent and control ND outbreak by any reliable method. Few farmers that are familiar (31.7%) with ND plague call it various sort of local nomenclatures such as “Mekere or Chutar haukar Kaji”. 

Keywords: Newcastle disease; village chicken losses; Bauchi State, North eastern Nigeria.

Title: Causes of Village Chicken (Gallus Gallus Domesticus) Losses and Level of Awareness of Newcastle Disease Consequence among Village Chicken Farmers in Bauchi State, North Eastern Nigeria

Author: J. R. Lawal, I. U. Hambali, A. M. Bello, Y. Wakil, A. Ibrahim, I. Salihu, M. S. Jajere,  F. B. Mustapha, M. Mustapha, I. A. Gulani

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Choledocholithiasis usually results from stones originating in the gallbladder and migrating through the cystic duct. Primary bile duct stones, on the other hand, form within the bile ducts and usually are of the brown pigment variety. Unlike secondary stones, primary stones are associated with biliary stasis and bacteria. Primary CBD stone formation after cholecystectomy is not reported in literature with laparoscopic management of the CBD stones. Here we report a case of a 50 year old female who was diagnosed as a case of choledocholithiasis for which LCBDE was done.

Keywords: Primary CBD stone, choledocholithiasis, LCBDE, Laparoscopic management

Title: LAPAROSCOPIC MANAGEMENT OF PRIMARY CBD STONE AFTER CHOLECYSTECTOMY

Auhtor: Atul Jain, Shashank Mishra, Nitin Parasar, Prabodh Bansal, Ruchi Tyagi, Anchal Chauhan

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Medicinal plants have been used in traditional health care systems since prehistoric time and are still the most important health care for majority population around the world. This study surveyed and documented plants with ethnobotany values in FUTA Wildlife Park. Four transect was laid within the Park and six temporary sample plots of 30 m X 30 m were marked out using simple random sampling and detailed information of plants were recorded. Results show that a total of 412 individual medicinal plants were encountered, these were distributed into 40 species within 19 families. Manihot esculenta (50), Ficus thonningii (41), Alchornea cordifolia (40) were the plants with highest frequencies while Bambusa vulgaris, Chrysophyllum albidum, and Gliricidia sepium were the plants with least frequencies of 1 respectively. The different forms of taxonomic description of plants encountered ranges from tree (29), shrub (7), herbs (3) and Sucker (1). Some of the uses of these plants are; fever, gonorrhea, dysentery and skin rashes. These medicinal plants play very important roles in the life of the rural dwellers as well as the people that are closer to nature. Therefore, there is the need that proper attention is given for their conservation.

Keywords: Ethnobotany, Medicinal, Plants and Wildlife Park.

Title: Survey and Documentation of Medicinal Plants in Wildlife Park of Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria,

Author: Olusola, J. A., Oyeleke, O. O

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The study aimed to assess the contribution of the KASC Forest Laboratory in terms of tree biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration. The study employed inventory and listing of species with their corresponding diameters. The tree diameters with 10 cm above were processed using allometric equation (Brown, 1997) to arrive at the carbon sequestration in the area. Simpson biodiversity index was used to evaluate the species diversity and Shannon index for the species richness of the area. There were 55 species, with Simpson diversity index of 0.236 indicating high species biodiversity of the area while the Shannon index was 2.39 which indicates high species richness. The carbon sequestration of the area has stored 151.68 Mg of carbon for the duration of 15 years from establishment. The KASC Forest Laboratory area has an average of 2.12Mg/ha/year of carbon which is comparable to some plantation in the Philippines. Knowing the potentials of the different species planted in grassland for its role in carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation, there is a need to disseminate the result for information dissemination.

Keywords: KASC Forest Laboratory, Tree Biodiversity Conservation, Carbon Sequestration.

Title: Kalinga - Apayao State College Forest Laboratory Area Its Contribution to Tree Biodiversity Conservation and Carbon Sequestration

Author: Robert A. Rodolfo

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: In the several studies, the transgenic crops viz., egg plant, broccoli, canola, chickpea, cotton, groundnut, maize/ corn, potato, tobacco and tomato, etc., have been reported as safe to the different insect predators and parasitoids except few transgenics like sorghum, soyabean, sugarcane and rice with some indirect effects. Since, use of transgenic crops is environmentally safe, effective and ecofriendly approach, which can be suited in the IPM system. However, the hue and cry about their health hazardous effects demand greatly to carry shift the assessment of their impact from lab to land and also need more understanding of triangular interaction between pest, Bt and biocontrol agent.

Keywords: Impact, Transgenic crops, Insect biocontrol agents, Different crops.

Title: Impact of Different Transgenic Crops (Bt) on Insect Biocontrol Agents

Author: Subash Singh, D. K. Sharma

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-3148 (online), ISSN2348-313X (Print)

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Abstract: In this study three bacteria were isolated from groundnut root nodules grown in three regions in the Sudan, El-Obied, El-Gezira and El-Gadarif, DNA was extracted, nifH genes were amplified and sequenced and the sequences were compared with reference strain. The analysis of the sequences of nifH genes revealed that all the isolates and the reference strain are Klebsiella with identity of 99% and ensured the presence of nifH gene in all isolates and the reference strain and there is no difference in the sequences except the sequence of El-Gezira strain was found shorter than the others which led to difference of the nifH gene translated amino acids of this strain compared to the others.

Keywords: endophytes, isolates, nitrogenase, nitrogen fixation, sequencing, strains.

Title: Presence of Nifh Gene in Fast Growing Klebsiella Like Bacteria Isolated From Groundnut Root Nodules in the Sudan

Author: Dr. Abdelmalik O. A. Idris, Prof. Awad M. Abdel Rahim, Prof. Abdelmoniem E. Suliman, Prof. Michael Gottfert

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: This study determines Kinetic studies on adsorption of Pb ions from an aqueous solution using an adsorbent from plant source, low-cost called as “Parthenium Stem powder” leaves, they have a common name as “Parthenium”. The adsorption studies were carried out in a batch process and at six different parameters such as agitation time and adsorbent dosage, initial concentration of Parthenium stem in the aqueous solution, pH of aqueous solution and the temperature effects were determined. From the experimentation it is determined that 0.5g of  “Parthenium” stem powder of 53 μm size was obtained to be enough to remove 60.08% of 100mg/L concentration of Pb from 50mL of aqueous solution in 50 min. Results showed that adsorption of Pb increased with increase in adsorbent dosage. A significant increase in percentage removal of Pb was obtained as pH value increases from 4 to 5 and the percentage removal is Maximum as pH value increases from 6 to 7.  The percentage removal decreases as pH value is beyond 7. The Freundlich and Langmuir models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms and isotherm constants were determined.  The Kinetic studies show that the adsorption of Pb on the “Parthenium” stem powder follows pseudo-second-order kinetics. Various thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy, Gibbs free energy and entropy of adsorption were also determined. Hence, the results show that “Parthenium” stem powder is effective in Pb removal and can be appreciably considered as most versatile, economical and feasible adsorbent for reclamation of Pb from aqueous solutions.          

Keywords: WRIGHTIA TINCTORIA LEAF POWDER, “Parthenium” stem powder.

Title: Biosorption Performance of Wrightia Tinctoria Leaf Powder for the Removal of Manganese

Author:  K. Dayana, Ch. V Ramachandramurthy

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Presented is a case of left superior vena cava draining into the right atrium through coronary sinus and communicating with right superior vena cava through small left brachiocephalic vein. The right atrium was very large, the right ventricle very small. There was also a defective tricuspid valve. 

A double superior vena cava is formed due to the persistence of the left anterior cardinal vein and failure of the left brachiocephalic vein to form. In such conditions the left superior vena cava drains into the right atrium through coronary sinus. Such venous abnormalities of thoracic region are commonly associated with cardiac abnormalities such as atrial or ventricular septal defects, Tetralogy of Fallot. When left superior vena cava is present drains the left cranial and upper limb veins to the right atrium, the left brachiocephalic vein may be undeveloped with the right superior vena cava relatively smaller than normal.

Keywords: Left superior vena cava, left anterior cardinal vein, coronary sinus, brachiocephalic vein.

Title: Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava: A Case Report

Author: Shivarama C, Arunachalam Kumar

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148

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Abstract: It is well known that, peppermint is one of the most widely consumed single ingredient herbal teas and other products used as an antiseptic, antibacterial activity, stimulant carminative agent or further used as a flavoring agent in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Also, citrus fruits include lime are an important source of antioxidant compounds and minerals. This study was carried out to assessment the possibility of enhancement lime juice and soda water with peppermint extract as a new beverage with highly functional and organoleptically properties. The results showed that the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of lime juice and peppermint were 193.02, 53.41 and 360.04, 421.96 mg/100g respectively. The results obtained by (HPLC) for all beverage treatments identified and quantified 13 phenolic and 8 flavonoid compounds. Caffeic, ellagic, aminobenzoic, vanillic and P-Hydrobenzoic are the most important and dominant phenolic acids. Moreover, naringin, quercitrin, rutin and hesperetin had the highest levels of flavonoid compound. Regarding sensory evaluation, the peppermint extract added to lime and soda water by (50:5:45) (v:v:v), was the most widely accepted, followed by (45:5:50) and (40:5:55) compared to the other blends and control. These enhancement beverages can be used in therapeutics due to the incorporated herbal extracts that have a widely accepted medicinal application in prevention and treatment of various disorders. Thus, such fortified beverage has potential application in enhancing health benefits and therapeutic applications

Keywords: Mentha piperita L., Citrus aurantifolia, phenolic compounds.

Title: Enhancement and Evaluation of Peppermint (Mentha Piperita L.) Beverage

Author: Dyab, A.S., Ali, A.M., Matuk, H. I.

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate whether ghrelin has an anti-dipsogenic effect as seen in the neonatal chicks and eel, when administered centrally in Japanese quail Coturnix coturnix japonica). Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of avian ghrelin (Chicken ghrelin) reduced water intake in Japanese quail under both ad libitum and 16-h water deprived drinking conditions at doses ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 nmol/quail. This inhibitory effect was also observed when 0.5 nmol of rat ghrelin was centrally administered. On the other hand, 0.5 nmol des-acyl rat ghrelin did not reduce water intake. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the effect of ghrelin on water intake, avian B-type (or brain) natriuretic peptide (BNP), an anti-dipsogenic peptide in mammals, was centrally administered at doses ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 nmol/quail. BNP did not affect water intake in quail under both normal and water-deprived drinking conditions. These findings might suggest that ghrelin acts as an anti-dipsogenic peptide through the GHS receptor in the Japanese quail. This finding might reveals a new role for ghrelin in body fluid homeostasis.

Keywords: Japanese quail, BNP, Ghrelin, ICV administration, Water intake.

Title: Central Ghrelin Reduce Water Intake in Japanese quail

Author: S. Shousha, D. Kirat, T. Naso

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Gastric volvulus is a rare disease and it is defined as an acquired rotation of the stomach or parts there of more than 180 degree creating a closed loop obstruction. Gastric volvulus is a potentially life-threatening entity and most cases of gastric volvulus occur in association with eventration of left hemidiaphragm or a hiatal hernia. Unless it stays in the back of the emergency physicians’ mind, diagnosis of gastric volvulus, which can have significant morbidity and mortality associated with it, can be easily missed. Early radiological imaging with x-ray, barium study or computed tomography (CT) can facilitate the management of the patient. Here we present two cases of chronic gastric volvulus; in 1st case there was gastric volvulus with eventration of diaphragm and in 2nd case gastric volvulus was seen in a case of diaphragmatic hernia.

Keywords: Gastric volvulus, Diaphragmatic Hernia, Eventration, Obstruction.

Title: Gastric Volvulus – A Diagnostic Dilemma

Author: Sanjay Pandey, Akshay Prasad, Ritesh Ranjan, Atul Jain, Karan Marwah

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The right and left coronary arteries are the principal sources of supply of oxygenated blood to the heart. Arising from the proximal rim of the ascending aorta, these arteries course along and over the surface of the organ, sending out branches that penetrate axial blood flow through arteries is governed or maintained by multifarious physical laws.

The heart, an electrically stimulated muscular pump, squirts and receives circulating blood through its systolic and diastolic exertions .The non-stop life-long rapid action of the organ not just expends enormous energy but also generates considerable heat. While there are a number of factors that help the heart dissipate and reduce heat, a few other biophysical factors contribute hugely to maintain a thermostatic milieu. Circulation through vessels is maintained with a high degree of efficiency through combined actions of ejection systolic pressure, elasticity of the conducting arterial channels, and the proximo-distal decrease in diameters of arteries.

This brief write-up discusses some of physics regulating fluid flow dynamics and attempts to exemplify the significant role of 'centrifugal force' as a hitherto overlooked physical force in coronary haemodynamics. The application of biophysical postulates to cardiac cycle may help in furthering our understanding of coronary blood circulation and the multi-factorial influences on its functional integrity. It is inferred that, the finding may have a number of applications and result in a better understanding of cardiac circulatory dynamics.

Keywords: heart, biophysics, flapping coronaries, thermoregulation.

Title: Dissipation of Heat Produced In the Heart and the Biophysics of Coronary Arterial Flow

Author: T. Jagadeesh, Arunachalam Kumar

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen causing a variety of infections ranging from mild skin infections to life threatening systemic illness. Antibiotic resistance by Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) has grown to be common, and resistant to almost all antibiotics. The objective of the study was to see the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of S. aureus isolates from different clinical samples against various brands of penicillins in Ebonyi State Teaching Hospitals of Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to October 2008 among patients attending Ebonyi State Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria. A total of 200 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were obtained from patients with infections. They were cultured on mannitol salt agar media, a selective medium for S. aureus. Isolated strains of S. aureus were tested for antibiotic susceptibility patterns using standard disc diffusion technique and interpretation was done based on Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute criteria.The resistance patterns of this isolates were ranked in decreasing order: penicillin V (81%), Ampicillin (63%), Amoxycillin (56%), Ampiclox (30%), Flucloxacillin (20%) and Cloxacillin (18%). It was observed that Cloxacillin, Flucloxacillin and Ampiclox showed better sensitivity patterns, the incorporation of beta lactam inhibitors like clavulanic acid present in these antibiotics have made them more effective.The rate of antimicrobial resistance is to conventional antibiotics is very high, continuous surveillance on antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. aureus is essential for the detection of emerged resistant strains of S. aureus especially MRSA.

Keywords: S. aureus, MRSA, Resistance, Penicillins.

Title: Susceptibility Patterns of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates from Clinical Specimens to the Penicillin’s

Author: Oluwakayode Temitope Adekunle, Olufunke Bolatito Shittu, Babatunde Lateef Alabi, Ogunbola Omolabake Ogunfolakan, Oguntola Ogundare

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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