Vol 5 Issue 1 January 2017-March 2017

Abstract: Stirred yoghurts incorporating with soursop juice (SJ) and soursop nectar (SN) were studied; both were added into yoghurt formulations, before and after incubation, respectively. All other ingredients and processing conditions were kept constant, and stirred yoghurt without soursop considered as the controller (CY). Result showed the physicochemical properties of two formulations complied with the Sri Lankan Standards (SLS) for fermented milk products. Highest pH (4.8) and lowest titratable acidity (0.62±0.01%) were observed in SJ incorporated yoghurt (SJY) series; shown nearly two times high protein (7.67±0.35%) content with compare to CY (4.34±0.01). SN (15%) added yoghurt (SNY) acquired the highest sensory acceptance. Highest DPPH radical scavenging percentage was observed in SJY (85.53±0.27% to 13.87±0.93%) followed by SNY (71.96±0.31% to 4.13±0.00%) while CY had shown 17.92%±0.21% to 0.44±0.04% as least value. The Coliform and E-coli counts complied with the requirements of SLS though Yeast and Mold counts were slightly higher. It is concluded that SN and SJ incorporated yoghurts have shown desirable sensory properties along with enhanced physicochemical and antioxidant properties.

Keywords:  Properties, Soursop, SLS, Stirred yoghurt.

Title: Enhancing the Physiochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Stirred Yoghurt by Incorporating Soursop (Annona Muricata)

Author: P.G. Imanthika Dias, M.C. Niroshan Jayasooriya

International Journal of Life Sciences Research      

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Prevalence of laccase (LAC) producing soil fungi and bioremediation potentials of LAC crude extracts on phenol-polluted soil were assessed. LAC producing isolates screened with mineral salt agar (supplemented with 0.02% guaiacol) at 30 0C for 7 days and propagated in potato dextrose broth for 14days prior soil treatment. Twelve opaque plastic buckets were loaded with 1 kg of farm soil each and grouped into 4 sets (triplicate per set). Two sets designated treated soils were TS1 and TS2, and two sets as control soils (CS1 & CS2).  TS1 and TS2 polluted with 100 mL and 150 mL of phenol respectively, were treated with 100 mL of LAC crude extracts and compared with untreated soils CS1 (100 mL phenol) and CS2 (0 mL phenol) within 5 weeks. Among the isolated fungi, only 62% were LAC producers (Fusarium sp, Absidia sp and Rhizopus sp). LAC treatments (TS1 &TS2) significantly reversed the adverse effect of phenol on soil pH and bioactivities (BOD and TOC) by 60-100% but insignificant to soil temperature. Phenol removal were optimized by TS2 (46%) and TS1 (21%), while natural degradation by CS2 was only 6% in 5 weeks. Thus, these findings are recommendable as cheap and ecofriendly alternative for managing industrial waste (phenol) pollutions.

Keywords: Laccase, Bioremediation, Soil fungi, optimize, Phenol.

Title: Optimizing Bioremediation of Phenol Polluted Soil Using Laccase from Soil Fungi

Author: Balogu, V. Tochukwu, Mohammed, G. Ramatu, Mohammed, S. D Sani, Yewodo, J. Clement

International Journal of Life Sciences Research     

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L)) cultivation serves many purposes, which include fixation of atmospheric nitrogen to meet its nitrogen requirement for tissue building, for the needs of companion and subsequent cereal crop and production of proteinous grains for human consumption and fodder for animals. Reduced availability of phosphorus nutrient is known to limit cowpea potentials for optimum production on acidic tropical farmland. Application of mycorrhizal fungus has been postulated to complement roots in sourcing for phosphrus nutrient (both inherent or applied) which is important for effeect nodulation. This study was conducted in Babcock University Teaching and Research Farm to assess the effects of P application and mycorrhizal fungus inoculation on the ability of cowpea to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2) on a marginal fertility soil (Utisols). Two factors namely: P with two levels 0 and 40 kg/ha and mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus deserticola) applied at four levels 0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 g/hill were assessed on performance of cowpea variety, Ife Brown. The eight treatment combination obtained were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Variables such as plant height, growths, nodulation (nodule count,dry weight and size), percent tissue N and P, and percent of nodules with leghaemoglobin and seed yield were asssesed. Results show that there were no interaction effects of the factors studied in this work on cowpea variety Ife brown’s variables like plant growth and nodulation assessed. The effects of separate application of phosphorus and mycorrhizal fungus inoculation on the variables became marked mostly at the reproductive growth phase of the crop. For instance, phosphorus application promoted plant height and nodulation notably; crown nodule number relative to no-Papplication significantly impacted percent tissue P and seed yield respectively. Erratic increases due to increased inoculation rates on nodule size relative to the control resulting from mycorrhizal fungus inoculation were recorded duuring the trial. Somewhat higher shoot tissue N and P respectively were obtained through mycorrhizal fungus inoculation. For most of the variables, assessed mycorrhizal inoculant application at 2.5 g/hill was observed to be a threshold rate.

Keywords: Cowpea, Phosphorus fertilization, Mycorrhizal inoculation, Nodulation and Tissue Nand P.

Title: Effect of Mycorrhizal Inoculation on the Release of fixed Phosphorus in Soil Colloid for Growth and Effective Nodulation of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

Author: Daramola, D. S., Adeoti, E. B., Oyekale, K. O., Denton, O. A., Nwangburuka, C. C., Adeyeye J. A.

International Journal of Life Sciences Research   

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Tea, the most popular beverage consumed is widely cultivated in India and China. Of the different kinds of Tea about 20% of Green Tea is being harvested annually. Green tea has gained popularity due to its remarkable health benefits. People who have consumed Green Tea were less likely to develop type-II diabetes. About 200 bioactive compounds are present in Green Tea of which,the most active are the polyphenols. Green Tea has 8000 polyphenolic compounds of which EGCG(Epigallocatechingallate) is more important (8-12% of total polyphenols). The present study focus to extract maximum amount of polyphenol by Folins Ciocalteau method for optimizing the extraction time and temperature and further utilize it to prevent diabetes. Aqueous extraction of Green Tea polyphenols was performed at three different temperatures 40°C, 50°C and 60°C and at three corresponding time 15 minutes, 30 minutes and 60 minutes. From the present study, maximum polyphenols content was obtained at 40°C for 30 minutes. Keywords: Polyphenol, EGCG, Extraction, Bioparameters, Green Tea. Title: Optimization of the Extraction of Polyphenols from Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Author: Raksha.K, Roshini.TJ, Chandra Prabha.D, Dhinek.A International Journal of Life Sciences Research ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The study area which lies within Eldoret Municipality has experienced environmental problems as a result of the sale, land subdivisions for settlement and subsequent clearing of the wattle tree plantations that were owned and managed by EATEC. The extents of environmental consequences due to the clearing of the plantations are not fully understood and the necessary mitigation measures to manage these challenges have not been put in place. The objective of this research study was to carry out an environmental assessment of the impacts of the clearing of the wattle tree plantations by the use of remote sensing and GIS techniques. The study sought to characterize the environment before and after the project implementation, assess and quantify the major environmental changes between 1995 and 2015 and identify the major environmental impacts and then propose mitigation measures to address the negative impacts. Remote sensing Satellite images for the years 1995, 2000, 2003, 2010 and 2015 were classified and integrated with other data within GIS for assessment of the land use and land cover change. The results reveals that the study area has experienced significant changes due to the clearing of the wattle tree plantations and increase in human settlement resulting in environmental challenges including decreased wetlands, decreased wattle tree plantations, and increased cropland and bare land. The research findings indicate that human activities have had a profound effect on the natural environment and are the main agent of environmental degradation. This study has proposed mitigation measures which if undertaken could address environmental challenges affecting the study area. Keywords: Remote Sensing, GIS, wattle tree plantations, environmental assessment. Title: Assessing the Environmental Impacts of Post Eatec Wattle Tree Plantations in Eldoret Municipality Author: Jacob Shadiva Simeon, Charles N. Mundia International Journal of Life Sciences Research ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The lethal effect of house-hold paints on the adult forms of the African tiger frog, Hoplobatrachus occipitalis, is hereby reported. The specimens which were collected from a gas flaring community in Rivers State (Nigeria), were accidentally kept in a perforated paint bucket for about 12 hours. They were found dead with their internal organs completely digested. The indiscriminate disposal of used house-hold paints and other chemicals into the environment is discouraged as they could pose great danger to both adult and larval stages of some wildlife species. Keywords: lethal, house-hold, paints, amphibians. Title: Report on the Lethal Effect of House-Hold Paints on Amphibians in Rivers State, Nigeria Author: Chidinma C. Amuzie International Journal of Life Sciences Research ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: In order to determine the percentage of Klebsiella pneumoniae which isolated from the upper and lower bovine respiratory tract, to determine a biofilm formation ability of these isolates, in addition to detection the presence of ecpA gene in these strains using conventional PCR assay. One hundred nasal swabs and same number of lung tissue samples were taken randomly from apparently healthy and diseased cattle that expressed respiratory clinical signs of different ages and gender and they were processed in laboratory of Veterinary Medicine College. The K. pneumoniae biofilm formation ability was detected by spectrophotometric method. Results of bacterial isolation showed that unhealthy animals exposed 7 (3.18%) of K. pneumoniae in lung samples and 4(1.8%) from nasal passages while apparently healthy animals revealed 1 (0.45%) and 3 (1.4%) K. pneumoniae isolates from lung and nasal passages respectively. The biofilm formation result showed that 10 (66.7%) were positive formers while negative formers composed 5(33.3%). Results of PCR assay revealed that 14(93.3%) of K. pneumoniae isolates had ecpA gene while 1(6.7%) of these isolates were lacked this gene. Keywords: Respiratory tract, Klebsiella pneumoniae, biofilm formation, PCR, ecpA gene. Title: Study of ecpA prevalence with biofilm formation ability in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Respiratory Tract of Cattle in Certain area of Iraq Author: Rand T. Yaseen, Mohammed J. Alwan International Journal of Life Sciences Research ISSN 2348-3148 (online), ISSN 2348-313X (Print) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The prevalence of AR and other allergic diseases has increased globally, and the geographical prevalence rates vary. Objective: This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of AR symptoms among adults in Jazan Region Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted health college students, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. The study used the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC) questionnaire. Result: The number of students studied was 1210 the male 654 (54.0%) and the female were 556 (46.0%). The mean age of them was 21.5 ± 1.4 years. The symptoms suggestive of ever-having had AR were common, affecting 532 (44.0%) of adult overall, with an estimated 476 (39.3%) experiencing symptoms of sneezing in the last 12 months. The prevalence a clinician diagnosis of AR was 259 (21.4%). The prevalence and frequency of symptoms according to the seasons (winter, summer, spring and autumn) was 337 (27.8%), 134 (11.0%), 146 (12.0%) and 98 (8.1%) respectively. The frequency symptoms may involved the nose only, eye only or both was 246 (20.3%), 139 (11.5%) and 326 (26.9%) respectively. According to the severity of symptoms 522 (43.1%) students had nose problem interfere with their daily activities in the last 12 months. Plain area had more number of students with AR- related symptoms, which was 253 (20.9%) students than other areas (costal area 205 (17.0%) and mountain 74 (6.1%) students). Conclusion: This study found the prevalence of AR adult in Jazan was 44.0%, this exceeding range of reported prevalence rates from various parts of the world and SA (10-40%). Only 21.4% of those with AR-related symptoms were confirmed by doctors, they do not consider AR as a disease. Keywords: Prevalence, AR, ISAAC, Adult, Jazan region. Title: Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis among Adults, Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia Author: Abuobaida Yassin, Reem Maashi, Amna Zila, Nuha Dilyh, Samar Dilyh, Fatima Ezzi, Maha madkhali, Meshal Bajoned International Journal of Life Sciences Research ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Thyroid hormones enhance the basal metabolic rate. This study aimed to evaluate lipid profile in hypothyroidism in humans and experimental rats. Materials and methods: This study included 48 subjects age range 24-48 years (24 healthy controls and 24 hypothyroid patients) and two groups of male Wister rats (normal and experimental induced hypothyroidism). Blood was collected for determination of thyroid profile (TSH, FT4 and FT3), glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c and HDL-c. Results: The levels of plasma total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and LDL-c were statistically significantly higher (p<0.001) in hypothyroidism than control in human and rats. Treatment of hypothyroid rats with thyroxin, the level of lipids reduced to be normal. Therefore, treatment of thyroid dysfunction should be taken into consideration in the cases of dyslipidemia in order to decrease the risk of coronary heart diseases. Conclusion: Finding a laboratory model that has common characteristics with humans can be useful in pharmacological research for thyroid disorders, dyslipidemia and coronary heart diseases. Keywords: Hypothyroid, lipid profile- rats-humans. Title: Association of Dyslipidemia with Hypothyroidism: Comparative Study Author: Sahar A. Al-khodair, Samar A. Damiati, Mazin A. Zamzami, Samir M. Khoja International Journal of Life Sciences Research ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online) Research Publish Journals