Vol 6 Issue 1 January 2018-March 2018

Abstract: The invitro antibacterial activity evaluation of DMC was done on five different pathogenic bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, S.aureus, Staphylococcus aureus, E-coli.) using agar disc diffusion technique. The maximum activity was recorded from 100μl of DMC against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and minimum activity was observed in E-coli from 25μl of DMC. The observed antibacterial activities of the compounds could justify the traditional use of the plant for the treatment of different bacterial infections. Thus, further test is recommended on large number of bacterial strains to decide the potentials of the compounds as candidates in development of antibacterial drugs.

Keywords: DMC, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, S.aureus, Staphylococcus aureus, E-coli.

Title: Studies on Antibacterial potential of Dimethyl Cardamonin

Author: S. Sumathi, R. Anuradha

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The present study was conducted to investigate the soil fungal diversity of Zingiber officinale Rosc. in Mawjiej, West Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya.  Rhizospheric and non rhizospheric soil of Z. officinale was collected aseptically at monthly interval for a period of nine months i.e. April to December 2015. Altogether, 89 fungal species belonging to 35 different genera were isolated from the rhizospheric and non rhizospheric soil of Z. officinale. Maximum fungal Colony Forming Unit (CFU) was observed in June and minimum in December from both rhizospheric and non rhizospheric soil. Gliocladium roseum and Paecilomyces lilacinus were dominant in rhizospheric soil, whereas, species of Penicillium and Fusarium oxysporum were dominant in non rhizospheric soil in all the sampling periods. The investigation reveals that rhizospheric soil harbors more fungal population as compared to that of non- rhizospheric soil. In rhizospheric soil Fungal CFU showed significant positive correlation with moisture content (0.80, p≤ 0.01) and organic carbon (0.82, p≤ 0.01). Whereas, in non rhizospheric soil fungal CFU was found to have significant positive correlation with moisture content (0.76, p≤ 0.05), organic Carbon (r = 0.89, p≤0.01) and exchangeable potassium (0.69, p≤ 0.05).

Keywords: Fungal diversity, Rhizospheric, Non-Rhizospheric, Zingiber officinale Rosc., Physicochemical properties.

Title: Fungal Diversity of Rhizospheric and Non-Rhizospheric Soil of Zingiber Officinale Rosc. In West Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya, India

Author: Sophie Phanri Majaw, Highland Kayang

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted during the period between March 2015 and October 2016.

Objective: to investigate the reliability of cyclic citrullinated peptide reactive antibodies (Anti-CCP) as a predictive tool for detection of early-undifferentiated Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in first-degree relatives of patients with RA in Khartoum state, Sudan.

Methods: Four hundred serum samples were drawn from individuals in the study, aged between (17-40 years) without symptoms of RA were enrolled, Anti-CCP levels were estimated using Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA) while Rheumatoid Factor (RF) tested in the serum from each individual using Beckman culture Au 480, and Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 22) computer software was used for data analysis.

Results: of study indicates that Anti-CCP test has a predictive value in first-degree relatives of RA patients without presence of RA diagnostic criteria.

Conclusion:  emphasized that Anti-CCP test has predictive value when used in investigating early presence of RA within the same family on specific populations who are considered as risk group (first degree relatives of patients) due to sharing genetic and environmental properties .The current study recommends to run Anti-CCP on first degree relative of patients with RA as an early diagnostic tool.

Keywords: Predictive Value, cyclic citrullinated peptide, Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Anti-CCP.

Title: Predictive Value of Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Reactive Antibodies in Diagnosis of Early-Undifferentiated Rheumatoid Arthritis in Families with History of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Author: Mohannad Gaiballa Mohammed Abdelgader, Abu Elgasim Mohamed Ali Musa, Samia Elhaj, Sayed Ibrahim Ali

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Traditional medicinal plants gained an enormous attention owing to the therapeutic effects as an alternative medicine in the treatment of various diseases. Annona muricata, also known as Graviola has traditionally been consumed to maintain health, but it is now considered for use in treating cancer patients. The objective of this review was to assess the potentials of A. muricata against many diseases. A. muricata particularily leaves, is found to contain biologically active constituents.  More than 200 chemical compounds have been identified and isolated from this plant. Acetogenins are the most important phytoconstitutent. A. muricata, have been reported to have positive properties against many diseases including inflammatory associated arthritis, diabetes, hypertension, parasitic infections, and cancer. Animal and human in vivo and in vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of A.  muricata leaves extract. A. muricata has antiproliferative and cytotoxic impacts on cancer cells, probably through apoptosis induction. Cancer remains the number one killer in the Western nations and most treatments for the disease rely on the use of chemotherapy that utilizes drugs that are also toxic against normal healthy cells. Thus, an alternative approach to anti-cancer therapies should involve the determination of novel drug targets that must be highly effective and specific against cancer development and growth, non-toxic to the host cells and affordable for the patients. However, these extracts and isolated compounds need to be further investigated to define the magnitude of the effects, optimal dosage, long-term safety, and possible side effects. Additionally, clinical studies are necessary to support the therapeutic potential of this plant.

Keywords: Annona muricata, Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities.

Title: Annona muricata (Graviola): A Review of Its Traditional Uses and Pharmacological Activities

Author: Suzan B. Abdu

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The production, extraction and optimization of extracellular α-amylase enzyme from some fungal species isolated from five different soil sites in Saudi Arabia. Six fungal species (Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. terrus, Cladosporium herbarum, Cunninghamella echinulate and Penicillium italicum) constituting 26 colonies were isolated from the five tested soil samples. The highest significant value of extracellular α-amylase (64.78 unit/ml) was showed in the culture filtrate of the A. niger. Optimization of some nutritional and physical factors in the basal medium in order to intensify the production of A. niger extracellular α-amylase was carried out. The highest productivity of A. niger α-amylase (74.56 and 76.63 unit/ml) occurred on fructose and potassium nitrate as carbon and inorganic nitrogen sources, respectively. The optimum pH and temperature for the maximum productivity of extracellular α-amylase activities were 7.0 and 20 °C, respectively.

Keywords: Fungi, Alpha amylase, Aspergillus, Isolation, Optimization.

Title: Optimization of Alpha Amylase Enzyme Produced by Some Fungal Species Isolated from Saudi Arabian Soil

Author: Khulood S. Alnahdi, Neveen S. Geweely

International Journal of Life Sciences Research     

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The incidence of food allergy outbreak worldwide is becoming a public health concern. Food allergy is growing at an epidemic proportion affecting all age groups of human population especially such occurrence in young children is worrisome. Management of food allergy without side effect is still a challenge to the medical community. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Moringa Oleifera leaf extract in the treatment of food allergy without side effects in experimental rats. Sixty (60) Wistar male rats, (4-6) weeks old, weighing between (100-120) g were grouped into five (5) sections. They were grouped under: Positive Control group, Negative Control group, Epinephrine control group, Chemotherapeutic and Chemo-preventive groups. The animals were allowed to acclimatize for two weeks where the rats were given free food ration and pure water. After 15 days of consecutive administration of 1 ml crude peanut extract and 10µl cholera toxin as a potent adjuvant in rats, made food allergy established. Results from the study indicated that the means of rectal temperatures after 20th day of allergy induction were declined from (37.17-34.47)◦C, (37.0-34.67)◦C, and (37.52-3542)◦C in Positive control group, Chemo-preventive and Chemotherapeutic groups respectively. The reductions in rectal temperatures confirmed that food allergy was established in experimental rats. Also the study showed that Moringa oleifera leaf extract reduced serum Immunoglobin levels from (324.50-275.4)ng/ml, (181.20-170.50)ng/ml, (279.50-44.38) ng/ml respectively under Epinephrine treatment, Chemopreventive and Chemotherapeutic experimental group treatments .This suggested that Moringa oleifera leaf extract had potential to prevent and control food allergy.

Keywords: Food Allergy, Immunoglobin E, Chemotherapeutic group, Chemopreventive groups, Moringa plant extract.

Title: Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Potential in Reducing the Incidence of Food Allergy in Experimental Rats

Author: Adeyeye, J. A., Epipade, E. J., Taylor, O. A., Oyekale, K. O., Akinlade, R. A., Adeoye, B. K., Akoma, L., Ngozi, E. O., E. A. Adekanye

International Journal of Life Sciences Research     

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic complication in pregnancy affecting the maternal and foetal wellbeing.

Aim: - The aim of this original research article is to investigate the histological changes in placenta of GDM and control women.

Method: - This study was done in Rama Medical College & Hospital Kanpur. Placenta sample from 50 cases of GDM and 150 of control women collected and histological changes studied.

Result: - In this study, the histological changes revealed that Fibrin was in 78% of GDM. Calcification was seen in 42% of GDM. Infarction was found in 4% of GDM. Chorioamnionitis was in 18% of GDM, but in control the histological changes revealed Fibrin in 40%, Calcification was 25.3%, Infarction was 4% and Chorioamnionitis was in 32%.

Conclusion: - Gestational diabetes mellitus causes significant histological changes but chorioamnionitis remains insignificant.

Keywords: GDM, Gestational diabetes mellitus, Placenta, Fibrin, Calcification, Infarction, Chorioamnionitis.

Title: GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS LEAD TO HISTO PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PLACENTA IN NORTH INDIA

Author: Dr. Rakesh Kumar Shukla, Dr. R. K Srivastava, Dr. Anil Kumar, Dr. Archana Mishra

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Latent fungal endophytes are responsible for major crop losses in Kenya and worldwide in general. Therefore, there is need for control to maintain the level of yield produced both quantitatively and qualitatively. In the past, farmers have been relying heavily on use of fungicide to control fungal plant diseases. However, these pesticides have many detrimental effects on the environment due to over-use. Alternative methods to the use of synthetic chemicals for disease control are increasingly being sought such as use of bio-control agents (BCA). Lactic acid bacteria isolated from sour milk (cow’s milk) and yoghurt and a lyophilized lactobacillus were tested for their effectiveness against latent fungal endophytes in protection of bean plant. In vitro and in vivo assay for antifungal activity of LAB against latent fungal endophyte was determined. Results showed improved plant growth and increased total fresh weight over control which confirms potential of LAB to act as bio-control agent against latent fungal endophytes, therefore reliance of fungicide can be avoided using LAB as a promising bio-control agent. The assays were performed in three replicates leading to proper control and data analyzed for significant differences using Minitab 17 by means of one way ANOVA.

Keywords: Bio-control, Lactic acid bacteria, Latent fungal endophyte, Phytopathogen.

Title: Characterization and Efficacy of Lactobacillus Species as Bio control Agent against Latent Fungal Endophyte in Beans

Author: Rogers Kimutai, Daniel Okun, Fathiya Khamis, Godfrey Gitonga

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The effect of different concentration of motor oil suspension on the early seedling growth performance of Adenenthera pavonina as compared to control treatment was studied. The oil treatment was significantly (p<0.05) affected seed germination of A. pavonina as compared to control treatment.  The significant (p<0.05) effects of oil polluted soil on root, stem, and total plant dry weight of A. pavonina were also noted. Root / shoot ratio was noticeably varied in 3.50 and 5.0% oil polluted soil than control soil treatment. Principally, 5.0% oil polluted soil treatment exhibited higher percentage of decrease in most of the seedling growth parameter and total plant dry weight of A. pavonina than control. Hence, it was found that the effects on seedling growth parameters were increased with increasing levels of oil pollution. For most of the growth parameters, the mean values obtained were found higher for the control soil and progressively decreased from 5-20 % crude oil polluted treated soils. The plant height, plant cover and root length of plants grown in the contaminated oil polluted soil were adversely affected. The shoot length of the studied seedling in the contaminated soils was significantly reduced as compared to control.

Keywords: A. pavonina, contamination, leguminosaeae, motor oil, Pollution, soil.

Title: Toxic Effects of Motor Oil Pollution on the Early Seedling Growth Performance of Adenanthera Pavonina L

Author: MUHAMMAD ZAFAR IQBAL, SEHRISH KHURSHEED, MUHAMMAD SHAFIQ, MUHAMMAD KABIR, ZIAURREHMAN-FAROOQUI

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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