Vol 6 Issue 2 April 2018-June 2018

Abstract: An investigation on the utilization of medicinal herbals to treat chronic joint pains, through ethnobotanical approach adapted by the rural communities of Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary, Odisha, was undertaken. A total of 15 plant species, comprised 14 genera, included in 13 families were documented in this survey. The work was accomplished through survey, plant specimen collection and interviews done in two years on various seasons. Standard quantitative ethnobotanical techniques and use value index of the herbs were used to quantify the ethnobotanical use. A total of 15 plant species of 14 genera included 13 families were identified to be useful in treating chronic joint pain.  Most of the plant components including root, bark, stem, seeds and leaf components were found utilized in the treatment of acute joint pain. The present report of information on the use of plant species such as Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br., Cryptolepis dubia (Burm.f.) M.R. Almeida, Drimia indica (Roxb.) Jessop, Olax scandens Roxb., Xantolis tomentosa (Roxb.) Rafin., for this treatment of this particular disease are relatively new. The results of the present study further emphasize to adapt conservation measures to facilitate sustainable utilization of these plant resources.

Keywords: Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary, Ethnomedicinal Plants, Chronic Joint Pains, Sustainable Utilization.

Title: DOCUMENTATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS USED BY THE LOCALS OF KULDIHA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, ODISHA IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC JOINT PAINS

Author: R Saravanan, D Kannan, KA Sujana, AD Pandey

International Journal of Life Sciences Research   

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Musa sps. are perennial , widely distributed and well used plant varieties  in Central Asia. Plant parts have various applications as religious, culinary preparations using stem, flower, fruits, and considered to be of medicinal and nutritional value. Research has been done on the plant parts - floral viz. spathe, flowers, stem, leaves. Bract (Spathe) has an important role in pollination and protection of floral parts. Earlier studies were carried out to assess the qualitative and quantitative composition of phytochemical constituents, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Tannins, phenols and alkaloids, were identified as some of the phytochemical compounds. The current study is aimed at analysing the antibiotic activity of the bract extract using the standard antimicrobial agar well method as well as bioautographic technique. The efficiency of the bract antimicrobial activity was checked with laboratory cultures as well as Caninefur microbes.

Keywords: Musa sps, floral parts (bract), antimicrobial, bioautography, Canine microbes, and antioxidant.

Title: Bioanalytical, antibacterial and bioautographic assessment of spathe of Musa Sps.

Author: Prarthana Singh, Shraddha Mishra, Mansi Bhanushali, Saisha Karbhari, Jayaprada Rao Chunduri,

International Journal of Life Sciences Research   

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The present investigation deals with some ecological observation of threatened plants with special reference to its distribution in the western Kachchh region of Gujarat. A total of 19 plant species have been reported which are categorized as threatened. Among them, one species (Talinum portulacifolium.) was first time recorded from wild and two threatened species i.e.  Limonium stocksii and Corallocarpus conocarpus were first time recorded from the study area. It was also observed that mixed thorn forest habitat is a conservation significant habitat of the study area which supports maximum species which falls under the threatened category. The western part of the district is mineral rich lead to various mining activities i.e. large scale land denudation observed as the major threats to species population by habitat fragmentation and degradation.  

Keywords: Threatened plants, distribution, western Kachchh, conservation.

Title: Distribution and Some ecological observation on Threatened plants of Western Kachchh, Gujarat

Author: Rohitkumar M. Patel, Dabgar, Y. B

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: This study intended to evaluate diethanolamine-induced toxicity and its possible mitigation by potent antioxidant curcumin. Diethanolamine is an organic compound and highly reactive with two functional groups, alcohol and amine. It is used in many personal care products as well as in pharmaceutical industries. Lipid peroxidation was measured by the change in optical density of the prepared solutions. Homogenates prepared from liver of healthy mice were treated with varying concentrations of DEA (25 to 200 µg/ml) with and without curcumin (0.5 to 2.5 µg/ml).  Significant (p<0.05) increase in lipid peroxidation and remarkable decrease in protein content was noted in DEA-treated homogenates as compared to control.  However, addition of diethanolamine (200 µg/ml) along with curcumin (0.5 to 2.5 µg/ml) caused significant (p<0.05) decrease in lipid peroxidation as well as increase in protein content. These findings suggest that curcumin significantly ameliorate diethanolamine-induced lipid peroxidation and protein content which is due to its antioxidant property.

Keywords: diethanolamine, oxidative stress, mitigation, curcumin.

Title: DIETHANOLAMINE-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ITS MITIGATION BY CURCUMIN: AN IN VITRO STUDY

Author: Hetal Doctor, Sanman Samova, R.J Verma

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The effect of increasing saline stress on peroxidase enzyme was investigated in two varieties of rice (Pokkali), Oryza sativa var.V1 and Oryza sativa var.V2. The seeds were germinated in Hoagland’s solution containing 50mM, 100mM and 150mM NaCl. Samples were taken out at 24 hour intervals for 10 days and enzyme and protein assay was done. It was found that the peroxidase activity increased in both Oryza sativa var.V1 and Oryza sativa var.V2 with the increase in the duration and the concentration of NaCl. The percentage of enzyme activity over control was also found to be increasing in both varieties. The percentage of peroxidase activity over control was found to be more in Oryza sativa var.V1. The amount of protein was found to be more in 150mM NaCl treated seedlings and the amount decreases as the duration increases in both. Enzyme activity in units/mg protein was calculated. Among these two varieties, Oryza sativa var.V1 was found to be more tolerant towards salt stress. These results indicated that salt-tolerant varieties exhibit protection mechanism against increased radical production by maintaining the activity of antioxidant enzyme peroxidase.

Keywords: Oryza sativa, Pokkali, salinity, antioxidant enzymes, peroxidase.

Title: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF SALINE STRESS ON PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY IN TWO VARIETIES OF GERMINATING RICE (POKKALI) – Oryza sativa var.V1 and var.V2

Author: Nicy Joy, Anand P S, Dr. Suprabha G Nair

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The aim of the present study was to explore the leaf extract of Asparagus aphyllus belonging to family Liliaceae for its antimicrobial activity. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the leaf methanol extract of Asparagus aphyllus and others extarct (ethanol, aqueous, ethyl acetate and chloroform) were assayed using the agar plate diffusion. Test microorganisms studied were Escherichia coli, Kiebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Methanol extract (100μg/ml) inhibited the growth of all the test organisms and the maximum zone of inhibition against gram positive organism is Kiebsiella pneumonia (2.27 cm); against Staphylococcus aureus is (2.24 cm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.14 cm). Methanol, ethanol and aqueous extract showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of less than 6.25μg/ml against all test microorganisms. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), above 12.5μg/ml showed by ethyl acetate extract for Staphylococcus aureus and less than 12.5μg/ml for Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The methanol extract exhibited antimicrobial activities followed by ethanol and aqueous. Ethyl acetate exhibited least antimicrobial activity.

Keywords: Asparagus aphyllus, Antimicrobial, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, Staphylococcus aureus.

Title: Antimicrobial and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration activity of leaf extract of Asparagus aphyllus

Author: Priyanka Sharma, Deepa Goel

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Drinking water quality is a universal health concern with global impact. Objectives of this work were to study concentrations of anions namely fluoride, chloride, bromide, nitrate, phosphate and sulphate is drinking water sample collected from selected area in Bhuj Taluka of Kachchh region and determine the physiochemical characteristic of those samples. Different twelve water samples were collected for the study and the anions were measured in ion chromatography instrument. The results showed that there are variations in anion in present in water samples of different locations. Other physiochemical parameter like EC, pH, TDS etc. were also measured from those samples.

Keywords: Global Impact, Heavy metal, ion chromatography, Drinking water, Physiochemical parameter.

Title: ION CHROMATOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DRINKING WATER OF SELECTED VILLAGES IN BHUJ TALUKA OF KACHCHH REGION

Author: Vijay R. Ram, Jiva P. Odedra, Suhas J. Vyas, Savan P. Tank

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Gene drive systems have the ability to eradicate human diseases through a gene editing technology called the CRISPR-Cas9. Malaria, which does not have any proven vaccines, is expected to affect half of the world’s population. As such, scientists are considering the eradication of malaria-carrying mosquitos which has caused much debate and controversy. The irreversible nature of gene drives, particularly population suppression, has raised ethical concerns with increased tensions between scientific innovation and the protection of Earth’s natural resources. Thus, this paper aims to examine the current situation by presenting important ethical arguments that include Chardin’s principle of irreversibility and Weiss’ beliefs on intergenerational equity, ideals upheld by the United Nations. To determine what is arguably more harmful to the ecosystem, human deaths by malaria or potentially dangerous modifications to the biosphere, remains a challenge and is expected to be an ongoing debate. Already the United States have administered field tests and Brazil is expected to legalize gene editing, therefore, it is pertinent to set appropriate regulations to minimize risks and promote safe practices in one of the most powerful scientific breakthroughs of our time.

Keywords: Gene editing, gene drive systems, CRISPR-Cas9, malaria, genetic engineering, population suppression.

Title: The Ethical Implications of Population Suppression and the Irreversibility of Gene Drives

Author: Joseph Kim

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Antibiotics are highly powerful bioactive compounds which annul or restrict the growth of microorganisms. The unrestricted use of antibiotics has resulted in their emergence in the environment. Today, the whole of the world has acknowledged their presence in different natural and artificial systems. Surface waters (lakes, rivers, streams and sea), ground water, drinking water, soil, sediment and sludge have been reported for contamination with antibiotics. In the environment non-target microorganisms are inexorably exposed to antibiotics resulting in a potential risk of negative effects on indigenous microorganisms. Thus it is essential to monitor and assess the impact of antibiotics in the environment especially on microorganisms present. Therefore, this paper attempts toxicological characterization of antibiotics in order to investigate their probable toxic effects on microbial population. A bacterial short term bioassay viz. Pseudomonas fluorescens growth inhibition assay was used to determine the toxicological effects of three commonly used antibiotics procured from pharmacy stores located in Jaipur, Rajasthan (India).

Keywords: antibiotics, toxicity, growth inhibition, pollution, microbial assays.

Title: An Imperative Study on the Toxicological Evaluation of Three Antibiotics

Author: Smita Pareek, Nupur Mathur, Anuradha Singh, Amrita Nepalia, Pradeep Bhatanagar

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: As regards  to regeneration of NSCs in the developing cerebral ganglion scientists opined that this process occurs through evolution similar to the sequence of changes with normal growth, de novo by the mitotic proliferation and differentiation of unspecialized cells (neoblast) already present in the central nervous system.Earthworm through their activities of feeding, burrowing and casting activities modify the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil, this supporting above ground vegetation. Soil physical property affected include aggregate stability and porosity, while soil biological and chemical properties modified includes nutrient cycle, formation of plant-available nutrients, organic matter dynamics, pH, microbial and faunal activities, decomposition rate etc. Consequently above ground plant production may be affected by activities of earthworms in which three main ecological groups can be recognized: epigeic, anecic, and endogeic. The SEM observations on both the sub and supraoesophgeal ganglia of the species under study are made. This has the relevance with reference to morpho-anatomical relationship of cellular complements in relation to the intraganglionic capillaries and accumulation of NSM –neurosecretory materials within ganglion in question.The brain represents the detailed surface profile with particular reference to its posterodorsal region. Indeed ring like elevation from where divergent of processes constitute the vascular complex clarifies the extensive vascularization of the cerebral ganglion. In case of suboesophageal ganglion surface conFiguration shows both depression and elevation.

Keywords: Neurosecretory Cells (NSC), neoblast, mitotic proliferation: epigeic, anecic, and endogeic.

Title: Ultramicroscopic Changes in the Secretory Dynamics of the Neurosecretory Cell in the Earthworm (Metaphire Peguana)

Author: Trijit Nanda, Malabika Bhattacharjee

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The present study aims to evaluate the in-vitro and in-vivo (pot culture) plant growth promoting activities of four different endophytic Bacillus species i.e. B. pumilus, B. cereus, B. flexus RN 6, and B. flexus RN 11 isolated from tea (Camellia sinensis L.) shrubs collected from different tea gardens of Jorhat district of Assam, India. All four endophytic Bacillus species were found to be efficient plant growth promoter in both in-vitro and pot culture experiment. Among the four test isolates, B. cereus was most efficient with a maximum indole acetic acid (IAA) production (16.22± 0.17μg/ml), phosphate (174.3 ±2.2 μg/ml) and zinc (45.06 ± 1.22µg/ml) solubilization in-vitro. B. pumilus was identified as highest K solubilizer among the test isolates with a solubilization index of 200 ± 2.8%. A perfect positive correlation was noticed between increases of mineral solubilization and acidity of the culture supernatant. Soil inoculation of the test isolates in to pot culture experiment revealed a significant enhancement in plant growth to the bean seedlings.

Keywords: Endophytes, Bacillus sp. phosphate solubilization, zinc solubilization, IAA production.

Title: Evaluation of endophytic Bacillus spp. of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) for their plant growth promoting activities

Author: Ratul Nath, G. D. Sharma, Madhumita Barooah

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Free radicals are spontaneously produced by living organisms because of normal cellular metabolism and/or environmental factors. These radicals attack biological macromolecules like proteins, fatty acids, and nucleic acids, causing oxidative damage to tissues and even gene mutation. When there is an overload of free radicals, they cannot gradually be destroyed and thus, are accumulated in the body producing oxidative stress. The latter is closely related to the aging process and the onset of several chronic diseases such as cardiac disorders, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson's disease and cancer. Dietary antioxidants scavenge the excess free radicals, avoiding oxidative damage of the cell and preventing the onset and progression of many chronic diseases. The common sources of dietary antioxidants Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), Vitamin E (tocopherol), Carotenoids (β-carotene, lycopene and astaxanthin), plant polyphenols present in fruits, vegetables, tea, coffee, red wine, honey and cocoa beans, certain minerals (e.g. zinc, selenium) and selective spices (like turmeric, ginger, peppers etc.). An extensive review of the literature showed that antioxidant rich foods play a beneficial role in the prevention of many diseases. Grape juice, red wine, berries, tomato extract (lycopene), chocolates, cocoa green and black tea etc. are cardiac-friendly foods. They help to reduce blood pressure, improve lipid profile, prevents atherosclerosis. Soybean Isoflavones protect against obesity and co-morbidities. Tocopherol and green tea have certain neuroprotective effects, preventing neuro-degenerative diseases. Dietary polyphenols, vitamin E and C, Selenium, isoflavones reduce the cancer risk. Vitamin C has a potential role in the prevention of hyperuricemia and gout.

Keywords: Free radicals, Oxidative stress, Dietary Antioxidants, Foods, Chronic diseases.

Title: Promising Roles of Dietary Antioxidants in the Prevention of Certain Age-Related Diseases

Author: Dr. Sagarika Chakraborty, Prof. Santa Datta (De)

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The study was aimed at optimizing the production of lipase using media and environmental parameters. Serratia GMS16 was isolated from a domestic waste dump soil sample, and evaluated for lipase producing capability. Media (carbon, nitrogen) and environmental (pH, temperature, and fermentation time) parameters were investigated for maximum lipase production.  Results obtained revealed that olive oil was the best carbon source for the elaboration of lipase by the selected bacterium, however spent frying oil was adopted for production from the viewpoint of production economics and raw material availability. The inclusion of proteose peptone in the medium resulted in high lipase production. Enzyme activity was observed to increase with increasing fermentation time, at least within the ambience of the total fermentation time of 72h and at a pH of 7.0. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of data and regression analysis showed a significant (P = 0.000; R2 = 0.958) 95.8% of final lipase concentration of 90.74 µg/mL was obtained from the interactive effects of the input variables used in the experiment.

Title: Optimization of Media and Environmental Parameters for Lipase Production by Serratia sp. GMS16

Author: Uduak Camilus Ben, Dominic Reuben Tiku, Godwin Egbe John

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The objective of this study is to assess the influence of infant feeding practices on nutritional status of under-two children in Ibadan South-West local government area in Oyo state, Nigeria.

Method: Three hundred and ten mother-child pairs were recruited for the study from selected primary health-care centres in Ibadan South West local government Area. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-economic characteristics, the infant feeding practices of the children and their nutritional status. Nutritional assessment by WHO criterion (SD-classification) using summary indices of nutritional status: weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height was done. Normal test of proportion, Chi-square for testing association of nutritional status with different characteristics and risk analysis using odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals was also done.

Results: Among the under-two surveyed, 29.4% were stunted, 7.4% were underweight 3.5% were wasted. Stunting was most prevalent (18.7%) among children aged 6-12 months. Deprivation of colostrum, non-exclusive breastfeeding and improper complementary feeding were found significant (P<0.05) risk factors for stunting, wasting and underweight.Conclusion: Improper complementary feeding, deprivation of colostrum, non-exclusive breastfeeding are significant risk factors for undernutrition among the under-two children. There is need to further promote the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding and timely introduction of complementary foods among young mothers to improve the nutritional status of children. 

Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, colostrum feeding, undernutrition

Title: INFLUENCE OF INFANT FEEDING PRACTICES ON NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF UNDER-TWO CHILDREN

Author: Oketunde, Fadekemi B.

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The increased meat demand is a driver of poultry production which is expected to make up 39% protein source by 2030. This is because of its nutritional value, and also because there are no religious or cultural barriers hindering the production and consumption. The banning of animal products as a source of protein in the nutrition of animals in the EU, necessitates an alternative protein source. Soybean is considered as a source of plant protein in sustainable poultry production because it is relatively cheap and affordable. However, it contains anti-nutritive factors which inhibit the protein-enzymes activities.  Therefore, enzyme use in poultry nutrition helps in inhibiting the activities of the anti-nutritional factors which interfere with feed digestion, nutrient distribution and invasion of pathogens. The aim of this 42-day research was to evaluate the impact of adding enzymes to soya pre-extrusion, through the assessment of effects of inclusion of treated soya on performance of male broiler chickens. Six dietary treatments with 8 replications were used (diet A with no enzyme, diet B, C, D, E, and F with enzyme supplementation) on 288 male Ross 308 broilers chickens. Weekly records of bird weigh, feed intake and body weight gain were taken to determine the impact of enzyme addition of soybean pre-extrusion on performance. No significant effect between diets with enzyme pre-treatment and diets with no enzyme pre-treatment on performance of male broilers. Birds fed diet B showed optimal performance improvement of FCR (1.44) and BWG (1000g) at week two and six respectively compared to other dietary treatments. However, the precision of the results obtained using the same enzyme-inclusion level is limited. In order to draw final conclusions, future research is needed to evaluate the impact of enzyme pre-treatment on extruded soybean in diets using different enzyme inclusion levels, large sample size. Lastly, for sustainable source of protein, more effort should be focus on developing alternative protein source rather than depending on imported protein source from other countries.

Keywords: Broiler, enzyme, extrusion, soybean, performance.

Title: IMPACT OF ENZYME PRE-TREATMENT OF EXTRUDED SOYBEAN ON PERFORMANCE OF MALE BROILER CHICKENS

Author: Anthony A.A, Waba, Y. E, Bandawa G.J

International Journal of Life Sciences Research    

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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