Vol 7 Issue 2 April 2019-June 2019

Abstract: An attempt has been made to study the effect of different biofertilizers such as Azotobacter and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria, (PSB) on chlorophyll content on maize (Zea mays L.) variety Eco-92. The experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The biofertilizers used were Azotobacter (A), phosphate solubilizing bacteria (P) and combine treatment Azotobacter + phosphate solubilizing bacteria (A +P), without treatment was control. The comparative extraction of chlorophylls (Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll) And carotenoids from Eco-92 by 80% acetone as extraction method (Arnon, 1949) was studied. The study relates to the amount of concentration of chlorophyll and carotenoids between the control and treated of maize crop. Investigation revealed that method of Arnon (1949) [1], is simpler method for extracting the pigment molecules along with other methods used for extraction and results showed higher content of chlorophyll-a, Chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll and Carotenoids in the treated plants in comparison with the control plants. By the application of biofertilizers treatment levels were corresponding to (TA₁), (TP₁),(TA+P₁) respectively to the treated fodders, little amount of differences were observed in the concentrations of pigments between treated and control plants selected for present study.

Keywords: Chlorophyll, carotenoids Azotobacter, PSB, Eco -92 etc.

Title: Effect of Biofertilizers on Chlorophyll contents of Maize (Zea mays L.) Variety Eco-92

Author: Madhumati Shinde, Shankar Khade

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The present study reports on tolerance study of heavy metals by endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi isolated from agriculture field used for the study were Phomopsis sp, Fusarium sp.1, Colletotrichum sp, Fusarium sp.2 and Phoma sp. To test the effect of different metal on varying concentration of heavy metal, the heavy metal of different concentration were added to the PDA media range varying from 50-600ppm. Fungal endophytes on PDA medium without heavy metal served as control. PDA plates with metal ions were inoculated with fresh culture of fungus and were allowed to incubate at 27 °C for 7 days. The different test isolates at the different concentrations of the test metals exhibited varying degree of effect on mycelia formation. The results indicated at 600 ppm metal concentration, the most heavy metals tolerant endophytic fungus was Colletotrichum sp (resistant to all metals under study) followed by Fusarium sp.1 and Phoma sp (resistant to Cu (II), Zn (II), Pb (II) and Cd (II)). Phomopsis sp and Fusarium sp.2 were tolerant to Cu (II), Zn (II) and Pb (II) and Zn (II), Pb (II) and Cr (VI) respectively. The ability of  fungal endophytes  to  grow in  the  presence  of  heavy  metals  is always be an added advantage in the treatment of waste  water where role of microorganisms is to degrade organic  matter  through biological process.

Keywords: Endophytic fungi, Heavy metal Tolerance, Bioremediation.

Title: In-Vitro study on tolerance of heavy metals by some endophytic fungi

Author: Ashok Y. Dawande, Vijay N. Charde, Yogesh S. Banginwar

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius is an invasive pest that infests many agricultural/food crops including cotton thereby reducing their productivity, quality and economic value. Due to the emerging pesticide resistance and its secondary side effects to the farmer community, there is a dire need to develop some safer and effective pest management strategies. With this rationale, we evaluated the comparative repellant potential of methanolic and aqueous extracts of three medicinal plants Azadirachta indica, Zingiber officinale and Annona Squamosa against cotton whitefly Bemesia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae); using area preference method on filter papers discs under controlled conditions. The adult flies were exposed to varying concentrations of respective extracts ranging from 5-25% for 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours of duration. The results showed that methanolic extract of Azadirachta  indica elicited the highest percent repellency (92.33%±11.42) followed by  Zingiber officinale (90.05±10.5) at 25% concentration after 24 hours of treatment while as aqueous extract of Annona Squamosa showed the lowest percent repellency (5.34%±3.12)  at 5% concentration after 2 hours of treatment . All of these plants were found significantly effective in repelling whitefly Bemesia tabaci and the repellency effect was found to significantly increase with increase in treatment time.

Taken together the study describes the repellency potential of three medicinal plants against cotton whitefly Bemesia tabaci; however the active constituents need to be isolated and characterized to take the studies further towards translational setups in the field.

Keywords: Cotton plant, Bemisia tabaci, whitefly, repellency, Azadirachta indica, Zingiber officinale, Annona squamosal.

Title: Comparative assessment of repellency effect of Azadirachta indica, Zingiber officinale and Annona squamosa extracts against cotton whitefly- Bemisia tabaci

Author: Sameena Khanday, Rayees Ahmad, Riyes Un Aziz, Gurudutt Sharma

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: India has the second highest number of obese children in the world after China, according to a study that has found that 14.4 million children in the country have excess weight. Off late overweight and obesity, has gained a foothold. Changing dietary pattern towards energy-dense and high-fat diets, together with the rising urbanization that has brought about a more sedentary life style, and that to lead obesity. Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted in the Government and private schools of Madurai city among the students of class 7th to 12th std. Schools were selected simple purposive from the list of secondary and higher secondary schools of Madurai city. All the children belonging to either gender in the age group of 13 - 18 years, who were apparently healthy, were included in the study. Questionnaire has been used for gathering information with respect to the dietary pattern and the frequency of consumption of various types of non- vegetarian foods for the past one-month was collected on all the overweight and obese subjects. Results: In this study, girls were more commonly overweight (74 out of 308, 4.16%) than boys (50 out of 202, 4%) while obesity prevalence was comparable in both the sexes (152 out of 202 i.e. 1.32% in boys and 234 out of 308 i.e. 1.30% in girls). Conclusion: Pearson’s correlation shows that BMI is significantly related to all the asked dietary habits at 0.01(2-tailed) level and it consumption of mutton and chicken is positively correlated with BMI (.017, .061). Simultaneously consumption of non-veg fish, egg were negatively correlated with BMI.

Keywords: Adolescents, BMI, Diet pattern, Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, India. Obesity.

Title: Impact of Food habits on Obesity among school going Adolescent in Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, India

Author: B.Bhuvaneswari, S.Parameshwari

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: There have been many recent reports of biological activity of derivatives of acyclic aldazines and ketazines against microorganisms. Current work has been carried out to elucidate the importance of the azine framework (>C=N-N=C<) in exhibition of biological activity and to hence establish the pharmacophore in the lead compound. The scope of this paper is to compare the activity of 1,4-diazabutadiene or 1,4-DAD (-N=CH-CH=N-)  which is a structural isomer of azine and is only different in the arrangement of atoms. The biological activities of two isomeric compounds 4-hydroxybenzalazine and N,N’-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-diazabutadiene were tested against two bacterial species - E.coli, S.aureus. The azine was found to be significantly more active against both the Gram positive bacteria S.aureus as well as the Gram negative E.coli indicating not only its enhanced potency as against its structural isomer but also its broad spectrum mode of action.

Keywords: Azine, antibacterial, E.coli, S.aureus, broad spectrum.

Title: Comparative study of antimicrobial activities of azines and 1,4-diazabutadienes to establish the pharmacophore in the lead

Author: Gokul Ganesan, Niloufer K. Kotwal, Sreela Dasgupta

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Bryophytes are the primitive non-vascular plants seen in wet areas. They posses unique phytochemical compounds having therapeutic potential. Therefore, the present study was carried out to analyze the phytochemicals in the bryophyte, Taxithelium nepalense (Schwägr) Broth. in various solvents like acetone, ethyl acetate and distilled water and also check the antimicrobial effect against ten bacteria. Studies reveal that T. nepalense posses valuable secondary metabolites like alkaloids, phenols, xanthoproteins etc. The extract of acetone Taxithelium nepalense shows highest antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enteritis and  least activity against Shigella sonnei in ethyl acetate extract.

Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Agar well diffusion method, Sohxlet extraction, Zone of inhibition.

Title: Antimicrobial activity of Taxithelium nepalense (Schwägr) Broth in various solvents by agar well diffusion method

Author: Athira R K Nair, Brijithlal N D

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: A simplified and efficient transformation method was developed to produce a transgenic Lycopersicum esculentum plant. Primarily the regeneration system was standardized with 10-12 days old cotyledon explants inoculated on Regeneration Transfer (RT) medium (RT = MS basal medium supplemented with 8.88µM of  BAP and 1.14µM of IAA) for callus, shoot induction and MS basal hormone-free medium for root induction. Transformation work was carried out with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harbouring binary plasmid PGPTV/hevein (Plasmid Gus Plant Transformation Vector) with kanamycin resistance marker gene -neomycin phosphotransferase    (npt-II). Transformation efficiency of cotyledon explants showed higher percentage on 24hrs  pre-culture on petri-dish containing RT medium, infection with bacterial suspension having optical density 0.4 at OD₆₀₀nm on with 1:1 dilution for 10min and 48hrs co-cultivation period on petri-dish containing RT medium in the dark. Putative transformed explants were cultured on Selection Transfer (ST) medium (ST medium = RT medium containing antibiotics Augmentin - 250mg/l + Cefatoxin - 200mg/l + Kanamycin - 050mg/l). The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) molecular confirmation of amplified npt-II gene from genomic DNA of the transformed tomato plant was an indication of the integration of the hevein gene in the tomato plant. The antifungal activity was confirmed by treating the transformed plant with Fusarium oxysporum and had resistance against the fungal disease.

Keywords: Regeneration, Pre-culture, Co-cultivation, hevein gene, Agrobacterium.

Title: Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of hevein gene to Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. Cultivar Arka Abha

Author: Arulananthu Gnanadurai, Srither Bhat, Rajesh Govindan, Ramesh Narayanaperumal

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The aim of the present study is to assess the petroleum hydrocarbon concentration and total organic carbon content in the sediment samples collected from industrial vicinity at Vadinar coast of Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat. The study was conducted at six different locations comprising four sub-tidal and two inter-tidal sampling points of Gulf of Kachchh. From the study, it is evident the sediment samples recorded petroleum hydrocarbon concentration ranging from 0.464 - 27.2 µg/Kg and the mean total organic carbon content being 0.602% recorded among all the locations throughout the study period. Among the stations studied, station 6 recorded the highest concentration of PHC which is 27.2 µg/Kg and station 1 recorded the least concentration of 0.464 µg/Kg, whereas the TOC of 1.277% and 0.083% was recorded in the stations S1 and S6 respectively. From the study, it is understood that due to various activities in the industrial vicinity of vadinar coast of Gulf of Kachchh resulted in the presence of petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations to some extent and the recorded concentrations of PHc was well within the prescribed limits of CPCB for PHc in marine waters (100 µg/L).

Keywords: Coastal environment; Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon; Organic matter; Gulf of Kachchh.

Title: Occurrence of total petroleum hydrocarbon and total organic carbon in the sub-tidal and inter-tidal sediments of Vadinar coast, Gulf of Kachchh

Author: Dhananjayan, T., K. Karthikeyan

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This study was carried out to determine yield, proximate and mineral compositions of leaf protein concentrates, leaf meal and bagasse obtained from pawpaw leaves in Benin City, Nigeria. Pawpaw leaves were freshly harvested and processed to leaf protein concentrates, leaf meal and bagasse.  Their yield and physical properties were determined. The leaf protein concentrates, leaf meal and bagasse were analyzed for their proximate and mineral compositions using standard analytical procedures. The proximate and mineral compositions were significantly (p<0.05) different among the major leaf fractions. The yield of the leaf protein concentrates, leaf meal and leaf bagasse were 7.12±1.75, 59.54±5.42 and 23.62±4.09 respectively. The proximate analysis of pawpaw leaf protein concentrates revealed the dry matter to be 82.50±0.71%, crude protein 39.50±071%, crude fibre 2.60±0.14%, ether extract 4.15±0.07%, ash 8.80±0.42% and nitrogen free extract 27.20±1.40%. The dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, ash and nitrogen free extracts for pawpaw leaf meal were 81.20±0.28%, 20.95±0.50%, 8.65±0.78%, 2.85±0.07%, 6.85±0.07 and 41.75±0.92% respectively. The pawpaw leaf bagasse had relatively high crude fibre (32.21±2.01%) but lower crude protein (17.65±1.03%) and Ash content (5.40±0.27%). The Calcium (16.95±0.50mg/100g) and Iron (496.7±6.90mg/kg) content of pawpaw leaf protein concentrate were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the Calcium (10.85±0.07mg/100g) and Iron (266.7±5.20mg/kg) content of pawpaw leaf meal. Leaf protein concentrate, bagasse and leaf meal obtained from pawpaw leaves have the potential of being used as livestock feed ingredient.

Keywords: Pawpaw, Leaf Protein Concentrate, Leaf Meal, Bagasse, Yield, Proximate, Mineral.

Title: YIELD, PROXIMATE AND MINERAL COMPOSITIONS OF PAWPAW (Carica papaya L.) LEAF PROTEIN CONCENTRATES, LEAF MEAL AND BAGASSE

Author: Agbonghae, W. O, Nwokoro, S. O.

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This study aimed to describe and document the knowledge skills and practices of cattle raisers, which will be an input to the improvement of cattle industry  in the Southern part of Zambales during the  year 2017-2018.  There were 84 cattle raiser respondents who participated in the study.

It employed the descriptive research design and used a survey-questionnaire to gather data on the observed knowledge, skills and practices of cattle raisers in the Southern part of Zambales. 

The level of knowledge and skills on sanitation and cleanliness, mating and breeding systems, feeding system, management record keeping and farming system were described as moderately knowledgeable.  While the level of practices on these aspects were sometimes practiced.

It was observed that there was significant differences on the level of knowledge and skills and level of practices on sanitation and cleanliness, mating and breeding systems, management, record keeping and farming system.  However, there was no significant difference on the level of knowledge and skills and level of practices as to control of diseases and feeding system. 

Keywords: Knowledge, Skills, Attitude, Cattle raisers.        

Title: KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS AND PRACTICES OF CATTLE RAISERS OF SOUTHERN PART OF ZAMBALES, PHILIPPINES:  INPUT FOR CATTLE INDUSTRY IMPROVEMENT

Author: VIOLETA A. VEGA

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: During the field survey of Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra, India on 01^st September 2018 a polypore is found. It is identified as Lentinus velutinus Fr. Linn. (Polyporaceae). A thorough study of literature⁸ revealed that this species is not reported from Maharashtra state of India. Therefore we are reporting Lentinus velutinus Fr. Linn (Polyporaceae) a new record for Western Ghats of Maharashtra state of India.

Keywords: Lentinus velutinus, Ratnagiri, polypore, Western Ghats.

Title: LENTINUS VELUTINUS FR. LINN (POLYPORACEAE) A NEW RECORD FOR MAHARASHTRA STATE OF INDIA

Author: Yemul N. B., Kanade M. B., Murumkar C. V.

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Drug and substance abuse is a global issue affecting all ages of people but particularly the youth, who happen to be in their prime years. The same case is replicated in Kiharu sub-county, Muran’ga County, Kenya. There is a proliferation in the rates of drug and substance abuse. This study therefore was goaled towards establishing factors contributing to alcohol abuse among high school students in Kiharu Sub-County Murang’a County. It was guided by the following objectives: To investigate  factors contributing to alcohol abuse in Kiharu Sub County; to establish effects of alcohol abuse among high school students and to examine the measures put in place to curb alcohol abuse among high school students in Kiharu sub-county in Murang’a County. The study adopted descriptive research design and targeted public mixed day secondary students from Kiharu sub-county. The study used stratified and simple random sampling techniques to select the schools and student’s respectfully in total 80 respondents were used. Data were collected using questionnaires with both closed and open ended questions. The Questionnaires were administered face-to-face to respondents by the researcher together with trained research assistants. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS while data from open ended questions were analyzed thematically in tandem with objectives set. Results obtained revealed some of the factors that lead to alcohol abuse include parental influence, peer pressure, alcohol availability, financial resources as major factors .Study therefore recommends that a multi sectoral approach combining parents, church leaders, counseling department and government officers be adopted in order to systematically play a significant role in curbing the menace.

Keywords: Drug Abuse, Kiharu Sub- County, Alcohol.

Title: FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO ALCOHOL ABUSE AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KIHARU SUB-COUNTY MURANG’A COUNTY, KENYA

Author: Moffat Maina

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: A simple, rapid, specific and precise HPLC method has been developed for the determination of amino acid (Tryptophan) and ketoanalogue (Calcium-3-methyl-2-oxo-butyrate) in solid dosage form. Separation was achieved with Acclaim, OA, C-18 column having 250 × 4.6 mm i.d, 5 µM particle size analytical column using mixture of acetonitrile, and Methane sulfonic acid solution with isocratic mode. The instrumental settings are at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min, column temperature at 40°C and UV detection at 235 nm. The retention time was found to be about 4 and 9 min respectively.  RSD and tailing factor were found to be well within the limit for both the compounds.  The percentage contents found by the proposed method were more than 98 % for both the compound. Precision were found 0.10% and 0.30 % respectively. This method was validated and meets the regulatory requirements for precision, specificity and linearity.  The proposed method can be used for the quantification of Tryptophan and Ca-3-methyl -2-oxo-butyrate in solid dosage forms.

Keywords: Tryptophan, Valine, Calcium salts, Ketoanalogue, RP-HPLC Method.

Title: Simultaneous Estimation of Tryptophan and Valine by RP- HPLC Method

Author: S.K.Badole, Dr. K.B. L. Shrivastava

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The present study is an attempt to study the changes in behavioural characteristics of the mother cat due to death of offspring. The sample of this study are a Cat (4 years old) and Kitten (9 months old: 23.11.2017 - 24.08.2018) - were the part of a family. The study made use of the Naturalistic Observation Method to study the Behaviour. The findings revealed that the Death of the offspring led the mother cat to grief condition and the sudden loss affected daily life of the cat. Notable grief characteristics of the cat also discovered.

Keywords: Personality Changes, Animal Grief, Cat, Death of loved ones.

Title: PERSONALITY CHANGES OF MOTHER CAT AFTER THE DEATH OF OFFSPRING

Author: Bayana Beevi. O. M. S, Sasidharan. T

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Research Publish Journals

Abstract:  Copper bio-nanoparticles are synthesized from the leaves of the selected species of annonaceae by applying green chemistry. The bio-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spec. and SEM analysis. Further the copper nanoparticles were screened against both gram positive and negative bacteria. The investigation also looked into the seed germination assay to investigate the toxicity of synthesized nanoparticles. Study reveals that three annonacean members, Annona squamosa L., Annona reticulata L. and Annona muricata L. is capable of reducing copper into copper nanoparticles and the biologically synthesized copper nanoparticles have good bactericidal property and were found to nontoxic by seed germination.

Keywords: Copper nanoparticles, Phytochemicals, Antimicrobial activity, SEM analysis, Seed germination assay.

Title: GENERATION AND EVALUATION OF COPPER NANO PARTICLES FROM SELECTED SPECIES OF ANNONACEAE

Author: ATHIRA R K NAIR, JISHA S, SUKANYA J J, SANTHI W S

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Research Publish Journals