Vol 7 Issue 2 April 2019-June 2019

Abstract: An exploratory qualitative survey was conducted of the community regarding fluoride and related health problems in Korba industrial township (22^o-23^o5’ N latitude and 82^o5’-83^oE longitude) of eastern Chhattisgarh. The study indicated that, except at one sampling station viz. Kusmunda, the fluoride level v ~s within the prescribed limit of WHO standards for drinking waters, Kusmunda water showed marginal levels of fluoride contents(1.4mg/L). The study revealed the heterogeneous fluoride distribution in the underground water and the result of these analyses are concluded that proper defluoridation measures seems to be desirable to protect the habitants of Chattisgarh from the problems of fluorosis.

Keywords: fluoride distribution, underground water, health problems, drinking waters.

Title: FLUORIDE DISTRIBUTION IN THE UNDERGROUND WATERS OF KORBA INDUSTRIAL TOWNSHIP

Author: S. Krishnamurthy, K. Venu Achari

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The present study evaluated fatty acid profile of six fish muscles collected from different freshwater sources like rivers, beels and ponds to determine the composition of lauric acid (C12:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n-9), linoleic acid (C18:2n-9),  arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, DHA). Sampled freshwater fishes include Eutropiichthys vacha, Aorichthys seenghala, Wallagu attu, Anabas testudineus, Clarias batrachus and Heteropneustes fossilis were collected from different habitats but all were carnivorous. The results showed that the fatty acid contents in E.vacha (12.477%) and A.seenghala (12.183%) collected from the rivers were higher, followed by W.attu (11.997%) and A.testudineus (11.722%) collected from beels and H.fossilis (11.291%) and C.batrachus (11.186%) collected from ponds. The most abundant fatty acids were oleic acid (28.15±7.91 to 32.10±4.13%) followed by palmitic acid (27.40±4.55 to 29.22±5.02%), docosahexaenoic acid (9.23±2.70 to 11.30±0.47%), eicosapentaenoic acid (7.90±0.94 to 9.70±0.76%), linoleic acid (7.68±2.87 to 9.00±0.96%), stearic acid (5.60±2.27 to 8.70±3.31%), arachidonic acid (0.90±0.38 to 2.00±1.18%) and lauric acid (0.03±0.02 to 0.30±0.11%) in all the studied riverine, beel and pond fishes. The predominant fatty acids in the evaluated fishes were oleic acid (unsaturated fatty acid), palmitic acid (saturated fatty acid), stearic acid (saturated fatty acid) and lauric acid (saturated fatty acid). The major omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) were higher than omega-6 fatty acids (linoleic acid and arachidonic acid) in the studied fish muscles. These data revealed that fishes were good source of fatty acids whether fishes are collected from rivers or beels or ponds. It may also be said that fatty acid compositions significantly varied from fish to fish, collected from different habitats. So, the goal of these studies was to find out the differences among fatty acid compositions of fishes collected from different aquatic environments (rivers, beels and ponds).

Keywords: Fatty acid compositions, Six freshwater fishes, Variations, Collected from Rivers, Beels, Ponds.

Title: FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN SIX FRESHWATER FISHES COLLECTED FROM RIVERS, BEELS AND PONDS OF MORIGAON DISTRICT, ASSAM, INDIA

Author: Rijuana Ahmed, Abdul Q. Osmani, Dhananjay Kusre, Bodheswar Kalita

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Several enzyme extracts, crude and purified, have been used in the decolourization and degradation of various dyes including crystal violet. But, not much research has been carried out to analyse the efficiency of synergistic effect of enzyme extracts from two different organisms with different enzymatic profile. This study attempted to evaluate the efficiency of Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus sp. MAK-II crude extracts, separately and together, on decolourization and degradation of crystal violet. The combined extracts of both fungi achieved better decolourization and degradation of CV dye (98%; 30°C; pH 4.5; 100 rpm) than the individual enzyme extracts. This was evident from the UV-visible spectroscopy analysis and FTIR analysis. The antimicrobial studies suggested that the dye degraded by combined extracts does not have significant antimicrobial activity against tested five soil bacterium and it does not pose any danger to soil microbe when released into environment. Further, the combined extracts yielded better sprouting and seedling growth on Phaseolus vulgaris L. allowing its usage in agricultural purposes.

Keywords: Crystal violet; Degradation and decolourization; Ganoderma lucidum; Pleurotus sp. MAK-II; Phytotoxicity.

Title: Enhanced decolourization and degradation of crystal violet by Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus sp. MAK-II crude extracts: antimicrobial and phytotoxicity analysis of product

Author: Raja Mohan Gopalakrishnan, Kalaichelvan Puthupalayam Thangavelu

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Sea food is taken by most of the people in the world, and it serves as an important factor in the economy of a country in exports. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in sea foods is a major threat to the world. Considering the present scenario and Kachchh becoming a fastest growing industrial hub with different category of industrial units, the present study was attempted to determine the heavy metal accumulation of ten different species of marine and freshwater fishes (Silver pomfret, Malai pich, Sherri, Tilapia, Surmai, Orange pomfret, Boye, Lady fish, Golden fish and Cat fish) collected from local market of Sikka- Jamnagar, Gujarat. The tissues of the fish samples were processed for estimation of Chromium, Cadmium, Mercury, Zinc, Nickel, Cobalt, Copper, Lead and Arsenic using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The concentrations were compared with WHO/FDA’s permissible limits of heavy metals in fishes. Among the metals tested, Fe was found to be recorded with a maximum concentration of 2.6±0.03/g wet.wt. followed by Cu, Zn, Pb and As respectively. Toxic metal mercury was recorded in the range of 0.11±0.01– 0.13±0.01µg/g. Cobalt and manganese werenot found in any of the fishes studied. The overall heavy metal accumulation in fish species were in the order Cat fish >Golden fish >Sherri>Malai pich>Boye > Orange Pomfret >Sherrirespectively. Other fishes have recorded almost near similar concentrations of metals.

Keywords: Bioaccumulation; Biomagnification; Toxicity; Pollution; Sea foods.

Title: Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in marine and freshwater fishes of Sikka, Jamnagar coast of GoK, Gujarat

Author: Thashnamoorthy Dhananjayan, Kolandhasamy Prabhu, Kannan Karthikeyan

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The emergence of malarial drug resistance drives the search for new agents against the disease. Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf extract was tested for antiplasmodial activity. Swiss albino mice were intraperitoneally infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65. The level of parasitaemia was monitored daily and treatment began 72 hours post-infection. Doses administered orally to the different groups were 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg extract, 25mg/kg Chloroquine (CQ) to the positive control. The negative control were infected and untreated, while the Normal control were uninfected untreated. The animals were treated daily for ten days after sighting parasites in the blood film and then observed.  Pack cell volume (%PCV), bodyweight change and survival time were monitored. The extract exerted a dose dependent effect on parasitaemia, with the 300mg/kg group expressing the best effect. Phytochemicals present were flavonoids, tannins, anthraquinones, steroids, saponins, cardiac glycoside and carbohydrates. For PCV, 12% and 4% decrease was observed in the negative and positive control groups; while 8%, 7%, 7% decrease in the 100, 200, and 300mg/kg groups respectively. The normal control expressed a 1% increase in PCV. The mean body weight was compared before and after infection and the result showed a 2.5g, 0.9g, 1.3g, 0.17g, 0.63g decrease in the 100, 200, 300mg/kg, 25mg/kg CQ and negative control groups respectively. A 4.63g weight increased in the normal control. All animals in test groups survived beyond the experimental period. It is obvious that the methanol leaf extract of Eucalyptus camadulensis has antiplasmodial properties that could be exploited as alternative therapy for malaria.

Keywords: Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Plasmodium berghei NK65, Malaria, Phytochemicals, Packed Cell Volume.

Title: An evaluation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis methanolic leaf extract as an alternative therapy for Malaria

Author: Longdet Y. Ishaya, Adoyi L. Ewaoche

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Snakes are very useful animal in ecology, farming and also in medicine, but now a days this animal comes under Wild Life Protection Act 1972 because of their decreasing population. The present study is an attempt to identifiy the Snakes through database by using Correlation Techniques of image processing. Object detection and recognition based on image processing is vastly concentrating field in research. The motivation for this study is to build data based system for detecting and recognizing snakes through scales for the animal biodiversity researchers. The animal detection and recognition is an important area which has not been discussed. Technology used in this research can be modified further to use in applications such as security and monitoring purposes etc.

Keywords: Snake, MAT LAB, Identification.

Title: APPLICATION OF CORRELATION TECHNIQUES OF IMAGE PROCESSING DATABASE FOR SNAKES IDENTIFICATION

Author: Yogesh Reddy, Anilkumar Pardeshi, Nilesh Pakhare, Utkarsh Jadhav, Shubham Malekar

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The process of removing hydrogen or electrons from a substance is called oxidation. Different kinds of free radicals are generated as a result of oxidation reactions which trigger various chain reactions and have a tendency to cause damage to the system. These chain reactions are stopped by antioxidants which quench the free radical intermediates thereby retarding the oxidation reactions. The antioxidants are agents which aid in the reduction.

Keywords: Primary enzyme antioxidants, Secondary Antioxidants , Catalase , Glutathione.

Title: Primary and Secondary Antioxidants

Author: JWAD J.  A. ALKAZEMI

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: DNA barcoding is a powerful tool used for species identification by the expanding exploitation of mtDNA gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COI), as a genetic marker. In the present study, COI gene based DNA barcoding was employed to identify the anecic species Lampito mauriti. Molecular characterization of Lampito mauriti. was performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for COI gene. Phylogenetic tree was constructed using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA7) software for the obtained sequences. The evolutionary divergences between its closely related species were also performed to disclose its amendments that occurred during evolution.

Keywords: Lampito mauriti, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), cytochrome c oxidase I (COI), MEGA7.

Title: Molecular characterization of Lampito mauritii kinberg treated with tannery sludge

Author: Hajirabanu. R, Dr. Nausheen Dawood, Dr. Sultan Ahmed Ismail, Dr. Florida Tilton

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Today is an era of Stress and busy lives. It affects the mental as well as physical health of individual. In recent life style; it has become clear that psychological distress is even associated with death. It roughly ranges between 5% and 27% in the general population. The prevalence of psychological distress is higher in women than in men in most countries and in all age groups. So there was huge need to cope up with Stress to improve quality of life. The purpose of this review was to relieve Stress through Yoga and Neurobics.

Keywords: Yoga, Psychoneurobics, Stress.

Title: REVIEW OF EFFECTIVENESS OF YOGA AND PSYCHONEUROBICS IN STRESS MANAGEMENT

Author: Riya, Simranjeet Kaur, Kavita Kaushal

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Microalgae based compounds with in vitro and in vivo biological activity against different tumor cell lines. The focus of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic effect of Chlorella sp., SRD3 agsinst cancer cell lines. The Microalgal solvent extracts cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell line was tested using the MTT reduction colorimetric assay. The four solvents extracts of Chlorella sp., viz., methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane. From the results it is clear that at 1.2 mg/ml maximum inhibition was observed in all the extracts. Methanolic extracts had shown inhibition of 72 % of Hep2 cancer cell line and 77 % cell death against MCF-7 cell line compared to the other extracts. IC₅₀ value of the methanolic extracts was found to be 327 and 323.3 µg/ml against Hep2 and MCF7 cell lines respectively. From the results its evident that the methanolic extracts were non toxic to the vero cell lines at 400 µg/ml, hence these extracts may serve as a better source in pharmaceutical industries. 

Keywords: Microalgae, Cancer, MTT, crude extracts, Inhibition, Vero cell ine.

Title: Antiproliferative activity of the Chlorella sp., SRD3 crude extracts against MCF-7 and Hep2 cell lines

Author: Santhosh Sigamani, Palanisamy Jayaraj, Ravichandran Balaji, Mathivanan Narayanasamy, Dhandapani Ramamurthy, Hemalatha Natarajan

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: A survey was made to observe the occurrence and seasonal abundance of astigmatic mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Shrank, 1781) present in the dust samples of poultry farms of Punjab. A total 252 dust samples were subjected to acarological examination and only 225 (89.29%) samples were infested with mites found in poultry dust. Out of these 225 infested samples, only 193 (85.78%) poultry dust samples were infested with mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae.  During the study, samples were collected three times in a year, in CCLI (Climate class I) from March to June, in CCLII (Climate class II), from July to October and in CCLIII (Climate class III), from November to February. A total 1271 mites were extracted, from which 607 (47.76%) mites were found in samples collected during CCLII, whereas only 406 (31.94%) during CCLI and 258 (20.30%) in CCLIII. Majority of mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae (47.76%) was found in dust samples collected during CCLII.

Keywords: dust; poultry; astigmata; mites.

Title: OCCURRENCE AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF ASTIGMATIC MITE, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Shrank, 1781) (Acari: Acaridae) IN POULTRY DUST SAMPLES OF PUNJAB (INDIA)

Author: Navpreet Kaur Gill, Manpreet Kaur

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: The present study has been done to find out impact of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis on the BMI of women patients from urban and rural areas of Punjab by emphasizing on age group 45-65 years. The prime objective of the present study was to estimate body mass index among female subjects. By using standard anthropometric techniques height and weight of female subjects is measured. BMI is calculated for each individual. The mean values of BMI for the OA group were computed to be 29.16±5.02, where as that of RA group was computed to be 26.13±4.61. Test values of t was computed to be 3.146 at 98 degrees of freedom, which happened to be statistically highly significant (p=0.0022). We could thus conclude that on an average, BMI of RA group patients was highly significantly lower than that of OA group patients. Subjects were further categorized under normal, underweight, overweight and obese category according to International Classification of adult underweight, overweight and obesity according to BMI stated by WHO. 

Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoarthritis, BMI, obesity.

Title: IMPACT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND OSTEOARTHRITIS ON THE BMI OF WOMEN PATIENTS RANGING IN AGE FROM 45-65 YEARS

Author: Charanjeet kaur, Ajitpal Singh

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Aim of the study is to see influence of RA and OA on hand grip and compare it with normal women. The cross-sectional study comprised female population (45-65) years from urban and rural areas of Punjab. The number of samples were 50 rheumatoid arthritis, 50 osteoarthritis patients and 50 control females. Grip strength was measured with elektronisches Hand- Dynamometer. From available set of data, values of mean±SD of hand grip strength were computed to be 18.1±4.98 for OA group, 12.8±6.57 for RA group and 22.6±4.61 for the control group. Applying t statistics for the paired comparisons of control vs OA group was found to be 4.680 which was statistically highly significant. This implied that average hand grip strength of control group was significantly larger than that of OA group. Similarly, for the paired comparison of control vs RA group the value of t was seen to be 8.667 which again was highly significant. This again implied that the average hand grip strength of control group was significantly higher than that of RA group. Furthermore, application of the t test for OA vs RA group indicated that the average hand grip strength of OA group was significantly larger than that of RA group (t=4.599, p< 0.0001).

Keywords: Hand grip strength, Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Disability.

Title: Influence of Arthritis on the Hand Grip Strength in the Middle Aged Women Patients of Punjab

Author: Charanjeet kaur, Ajitpal Singh

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Among the tribal dwellers of Chhattisgarh the veneration of trees and forests still occupies an important and cardinal part of their daily life. Once recognized as the abode of a local deity, trees are not allowed to be harmed or felled except for religious purposes such as for the repairing of a temple or shrine: sanctification is based on religious sentiments and cultural values, and also linked to ecology. The genesis of sanctification of trees can be traced to the dependence of the tribal forest dwellers on the trees and forests for sustenance, moreover upon the fact that the tribal people depend upon the trees even for their basic requirements and survival. Sacred trees are protected because people fear the anger of the gods that have their abode in them. People also worship trees because they hope that the power and fertility contained in them may be transferred into human life and sacred groves are often protected by local communities. Mostly sacred groves protect important water bodies that deliver the important water resource to the local communities. Chhattisgarh is twenty seventh state of India with its Capital in Raipur. It has dense forest cover and many tribes reside in this region. The tribal communities living in the area believe that nature is sacred and needs to be worshipped. Nature and natural phenomena occupy the central place in their rituals and festivals. Rituals are often synchronised with blossoming of flowers of forest trees. These rituals reveal intimate sense of harmony that exists between nature and tribal community. Raipur is the capital ,and people of all believes faith culture and tribes reside here.  During the survey( Jan 2015 to Jan 2016)  28 species of scared trees ,were found in the  Raipur city.  different cultures.Ficus bengalensis krishanchur present in front of DoodhaDhari Math ,forest nursery of Godi and recently planted in Pt.R.S.S.U campus sacred to the Hindus. Santaum album is found in the  study are, is a scared tree .Araucaria sp., a scared plant of Christians, is found in many places .Ginkgo biloba living fossil (gymnosper) a scared plant of the Buddhist.Sima rouba glauca sp.,   worshipped by theArt Of Living community. Diospyros melanoxylon is the scared tree of Gond Tribe. Cassia fistula and Butea monosperma are considered sacred . Butea monosperma are of significance in the festival of Holi and Mahashivratri .Twigs of Azadirachata indica are placed outside the houses and vechicles, on day of Hareli festival is celebrated by the locals and offered to The Goddess .considered as an incarnation of Goddess. Emblica officinalis is worshiped by the Hindus on Amla Navami celebrated in Kartik month of Hindu Calendar. These practices lead to religious and sentimental attachment towards trees, which results in-situ conservation of trees and biodiversity. Most of the plant recorded during the survey are in cultivated conditions( Home gardens,Roadside plantation premises of temples,Public gardens Rajiv Gandhi Smiriti van,Jungle safari Goverment offices ,Institutions  and Forest nurseries).However, traditional values among others are decreasing due to a growth in urbanisation that is leading to the degradation and disappearance of sacred sites.

Keywords: Tribal Dwellers, Sacred trees, sacred groves, village deities, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, Veneration.

Title: SACRED TREES OF RAIPUR CITY

Author: Tiwari Shikha, Acharya Vaibhav

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

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Abstract: Trolox, chemically 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-Carboxylic Acid, is a water-soluble derivative of vitamin E known for its potent antioxidant properties.

Our goal was to understand the best muscarinic acetylcholine enzyme (M3) inhibitors using Trolox derivative. Protein-Ligand interaction has a significant role in structure-based drug design. Totally 314 Trolox derivatives were retrieved with 90% similarity from pubchem database. ADMET screened compounds showed good solubility and absorption (3 level and 0 level) and medium level of BBB penetration. Also, screened compounds are free from noxious effect of hepatotoxicity, followed by no more evidence of interacting with liver enzymes. Consequently, few compounds are out casted during RO5 violation. Finally, compounds after docking showed significant dock score and interactions. Among all 133098(108.912) was consider as a best compound and it is very similar in structure to Trolox. Our studies therefore reveal that these Trolox derivatives could be potential aspirants for further evaluation using in-vivo and in-vitro approaches.

Keywords: Docking, Trolox derivatives, Intermolecular energy.

Title: ROLE OF TROLOX IN MUSCARINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR ACTIVITY-An In-silico approach

Author: Ravichandra Shivalingappa Davargaon, Asha Devi Sambe, Avijeet Maithy, Subramanyam Muthangi .V.V

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Research Publish Journals