Vol 12 Issue 2 April 2024-June 2024

Abstract: Five purine auxotrophic mutants of Sinorhizobium meliloti strain Rmd 201(WT) were isolated using NTG mutagenesis. Mutants elicited white, small, spherical, determinate, and Fix^- pseudonodules on Medicago sativa. These nodules lacked bacteroids and one mutant Rmd 1102(A₂) exhibited Exo^- phenotype due to production of defective exopolysaccharide, particularly lacking xylose sugar. Cross feeding with xylose as sole carbon source in presence of parental strain restored the wild-type phenotype. Light microscopy revealed aborted infection tubes, bacteroid-devoid cortical cells, and bacterial lysis. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the mutant Rmd 1102 Exo^- Pur^- formed infection tubes but bacteria lysed within infection tube and could not transform into bacteroids. The mutant also accumulated large sized starch granules, suggesting a defect in starch utilization. Abundant lipid droplets and absence of PHB granules was noted in mutant cells.  This pleiotropic mutant exhibited Exo^- and Fix^- phenotypes, affecting purine biosynthesis and exopolysaccharide production, disrupting normal nodule development and bacteroid production.

Keywords: Sinorhizobium meliloti, NTG mutagenesis, Exopolysaccharide, Purine auxotrophic mutants, Medicago sativa nodules.

Title: TEM STUDIES OF NODULES ELICITED BY SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI PLEIOTROPIC MUTANT DEFECTIVE IN EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE SYNTHESIS

Author: Shruti Banswal, Aqbal Singh

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 12, Issue 2, April 2024 - June 2024

Page No: 46-55

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 28-June-2024

Abstract: Climate change is a global phenomenon with far-reaching implications for human well-being. This article provides a thorough examination of the multifaceted impacts of climate change on the quality of life. Through a review of current literature and empirical studies, we explore how climate change disrupts ecosystems, alters weather patterns, and threatens the livelihoods of individuals and communities worldwide. The article delves into the diverse effects of rising temperatures, extreme weather events, sea-level rise, and changes in precipitation patterns on various aspects of quality of life, including physical and mental health, housing security, food security, and economic stability.

Furthermore, the article highlights the disproportionate impact of climate change on vulnerable populations, such as low-income households, marginalized communities, and regions already facing environmental and social challenges. These groups are often hit hardest by the adverse effects of climate change, exacerbating existing inequalities and intensifying social disparities. By synthesizing evidence from different disciplines, this article underscores the urgency of implementing comprehensive mitigation and adaptation strategies to address the complex interplay between climate change and quality of life.

Keywords: Climate change, quality of life, impact, adaptation, mitigation, vulnerable populations.

Title: The Impact of Climate Change on Quality of Life: A Comprehensive Analysis

Author: Sufian Almubarak

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 12, Issue 2, April 2024 - June 2024

Page No: 37-45

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 21-June-2024

Abstract: The emergence of multiple antibiotic resistances in bacteria and the indiscriminate use of antibiotics contribute to the dissemination of resistant pathogens in the hospital and environment which may cause problems in therapy and is a serious public health issue. This study was conducted to determine the incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in clinical and environmental samples as well as to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of these isolates to some conventional antibiotics. A total of ninety six (96) samples were collected over a period of one month which includes fifty (50) clinical samples comprising of thirty (30) urine samples collected with sterile urine containers and twenty (20) ear swabs and forty-six (46) environmental samples comprising of twenty three (23) toilet seat swabs and twenty three (23) sink swabs were all collected using sterile cotton swab sticks. A selective medium, Cetrimide agar was used for the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the specimens. After 24 hours incubation, there was presence of green, greenish-yellow colonies indicating the probable presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.  Fifty-one (51) isolates were gotten which include twelve (12) urine isolates (12.50%), sixteen (16) ear swab isolates (16.67%), twelve (12) sink swab isolates (12.50%) and eleven (11) toilet swab isolates (11.45%). The presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was confirmed with the following biochemical tests, Gram staining, catalase test and oxidase test. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was carried out as well using Modified Kirby Bauer (Disc diffusion method). The antibiotics used were Amoxicillin clavulanate (30ug), Cefotaxime (25ug), Imipenem (10ug), Ofloxacin (5ug), Gentamycin (10ug), Nalidixic acid (30ug), Nitrofurantoin (300ug), Cefuroxime (30ug), Ceftriaxone sulbactam (45ug), Ampiclox (10ug), Cefexime (5ug) and Levofloxacin (5ug). This study showed the presence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa from both clinical and environmental samples, with the clinical samples having a higher prevalence of multi-drug resistance compared to environmental samples. The results revealed that the isolates were more resistant to Amoxicillin clavulanate, Ampiclox and Cefexime; however, Imipenem could be the best drug of choice for the treatment of MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa in South-eastern Nigeria. 

Keywords: bacteria, resistance, hospital, environment, urine, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Title: MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT PROFILE OF CLINICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISOLATES OF Pseudomonas aeruginosa FROM A TEACHING HOSPITAL AT AMAKU, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA

Author: Afunwa Ruth Asikiya, Odiari Chineze Esther, Nwofia Martin Chukwunonso, Gbadamosi Francis Ayodele

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 12, Issue 2, April 2024 - June 2024

Page No: 27-36

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 07-June-2024

Abstract: Coffee is a popular drink among people because it provides a sense of refreshment, but it is highly toxic to animals. Coffee beans contain caffeine, which is the primary source of animal toxicity. Caffeine is a stimulant that directly affects the central nervous system, and animals are more sensitive to it than humans are. If taken in large quantities, it may cause the animal's death. The intensity of these symptoms varies according to the amount of caffeine consumed and the type of animal. This review paper provides an overview of the toxicity of coffee for animals and its consequences, with citations from trustworthy studies.

Keyword: Coffee, toxic to animals, trustworthy studies.

Title: Comprehensive Review of the Toxicity of Coffee for Animals

Author: Pittayaporn Wangchom

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 12, Issue 2, April 2024 - June 2024

Page No: 25-26

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 03-June-2024

Abstract: The objective of the current study was to comprehend the immune response in freshwater crabs, Paratelphusa jacquemontii. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate serum phenoloxidase (PO) activity. Different phenolic substrates were used to test the PO enzymes substrate affinity, and DL-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DL-DOPA) demonstrated the enzyme's highest substrate affinity. When the enzyme activity of serum with various DL-DOPA concentrations was evaluated, it showed that the enzyme activity was highest at 5 mM of DL-DOPA concentration. When the DL-DOPA enzyme activity was examined at various time intervals, it demonstrated stable activity at 10 min incubation duration. When the impact of various buffer ionic strengths on the oxidation of DL-DOPA by serum was evaluated, greater enzyme activity was found at a concentration of 50 mM Tris-HCl. Studying the impact of pH and temperature on the oxidation of DL-DOPA by serum, pH 7.5 and 25 ^°C were shown to have steady action. 10 mM phenylthiourea (PTU) inhibited the serum PO activity while trypsin, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), and non-self molecule laminarin activated it. We also discovered the substances that in serum with strong PO activity inhibited or activated the enzyme in vitro, indicating for the first time an immunological function.

Keywords: Paratelphusa jacquemontii, innate immunity, phenoloxidase, inhibition and activation, enzyme activity.

Title: IN VITRO SERUM PHENOLOXIDASE ACTIVITY IN THE HEMOLYMPH OF FRESHWATER CRAB PARATELPHUSA JACQUEMONTII (RATHBUN, 1905)

Author: Rangasamy Shanthi, Mullaivanam Ramasamy Sivakumar, Somu Chitra

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 12, Issue 2, April 2024 - June 2024

Page No: 12-24

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 07-May-2024

Abstract: Fecundity is reproductive capacity of a fish determined by the number of eggs stored in each  spawning  season  and  its  knowledge  is  extremely important in successful management and exploitation of its fishery.

All together 10 specimen of Notopterus chitala were examined with a view to determine the average number of eggs produced by each species and also to find out the relationship between fecundity and variables such as total length, body weight, gonad length and gonad weight of the fish.

By using (Lacrane, 1951) equation follows the relationship between fecundity and variables are calculated.

The fecundity of Notopterus chitala is ranged from 133 to 1803.

Keywords: Fecundity, Notopterus chitala.

Title: Fecundity of Fish Notopterus chitala (Hamilton, 1822) from Godavari River, at Nanded (Maharashtra), India

Author: AJAY HIWARE, KIRAN SHILLEWAR

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 12, Issue 2, April 2024 - June 2024

Page No: 9-11

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 24-April-2024

Abstract: The development of livestock businesses is aimed at increasing food security and increasing people's purchasing power through increasing income. In order to achieve this goal, the strategy used is to increase active community participation, encourage investment in livestock businesses in rural areas and empower livestock farming communities. This research aims to analyze the internal and external factors of livestock business development strategies, formulate strategies for developing beef cattle farming businesses, and formulate strategic priorities for developing beef cattle farming businesses in the Indonesian People's Animal Husbandry School Alumni Solidarity (SASPRI) South Dolo District, Sigi Regency.This research was carried out in the monthApril–June 2023.This research method uses the Case Study method using SWOT analysis and QSPM analysis. The informants selected were 8 beef cattle breeders.The research results on the EFI matrix assessment were 2.512 and the EFE matrix was 2.26so the business positionlocated incell V whereuStocks like this are best managed with hold and maintain strategies. Strategies that can be carried out based on SWOT analysis areproperly maintain existing resources to increase beef cattle productivity to meet local supply needs. Increase knowledge about processing livestock waste products which can provide profitable income.

Keywords: Beef Cattle, SWOT Analysis, QSPM, Beef Cattle Business Development Strategy, SASPRI.

Title: Development Strategies Foor Beef Catte Farming in the Solidarity of Alumni Indonesian People’s School of Animal Husbandry (SASPRI) in South Dolo Sub-District Sigi Regency

Author: Moh. Teguh Maulana, Yudi Mujayin, Sayekti Handayani, Haerani Maksum, Ritha Rahayu, Suharno H Syukur

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 12, Issue 2, April 2024 - June 2024

Page No: 1-8

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 20-April-2024